An insight into the different aspects of cyber crime including a definition, a short history, a few famous and important cases and ideas to curtail it.
Abstract This paper discusses cyber crime, criminal activity which targets computers and information, or which uses computers as the means of committing an offense. It examines how it is a very serious and complicated matter that cannot be taken lightly and how without a true understanding, public and private corporations can easily be mislead in the perspective of its gravity. It shows how this thinking opens up weaknesses in public and private computer systems that the cyber criminal could easily take advantage of and exploit for their own gain. It defines cyber crime, breaking it down into a number of sections giving examples of certain crimes that are often committed under each section. Then it provides a brief history describing the development of new laws for the new crimes, specific cases in history concerning cyber crime and also a description of where cyber crime is today and its impact on the individual and companies who are its victims.
From the Paper "Just like the world of street crime the world of cyber crime needs policing tactics and policing units. Yet the goal of the agencies are not really to prevent, but more to investigate crimes that have already happened; the reason for this is because in cyber space there is no physical area where police can patrol to stop crime. So if policing agencies cannot prevent attacks, not including the use of undercover online operations, then who can? This question can be answered in a few ways. Private companies usually hire experts in the field of computers who can find the companies? weaknesses and where they could be attacked and tighten up their network with certain defenses like firewalls, virus scanners, and other various programs. The individual, on the other hand, has to spend money on programs which will detect intrusions and viruses that have infiltrated their personal system. Private industries that create these programs which protect systems would be similar to companies who produce self-defense equipment and classes, because that is what these programs do; they target-harden and help a victim fight back against their attacker."
Abstract This paper reviews the http://www.cybercrime.gov/ website, which serves as a repository for information on cyber crime. The paper looks at the increased recognition of cyber crime as a serious threat as well as laws that have been passed to combat cyber crime. The paper also provides an overall evaluation of the website that is very favorable.
From the Paper "Combatting the global cyber crime pandemic is becoming an increasingly urgent issue, as identity theft and spyware are occurring with alarming frequency. Early instances of cyber crime found individuals, corporations and law enforcement unprepared, uninformed and immobilized to address cyber crime responsively. This resulted in victims suffering long drawn-out battles to regain their identities. With no guidelines to assist them, many victims endured frustrating battles that yielded little benefit. Corporations likewise faced many obstacles in their uncharted course to recover from data theft and..."
Abstract The topic of cyber crimes encompasses many different crimes. This report defines cyber crime, and goes into depth regarding the specific crime of identity theft. It includes the definition of cyber crime, and specific techniques used to obtain an individual's personal information used to establish false identity, how to prevent the information from being compromised, as well as additional information should one become a victim of identity theft. This paper also includes real world examples stemming from personal experience.
Outline.
Abstract
What is Cyber Crime?
Identity Theft: what is it?
Types of identity theft
Keeping you safe from such crimes
What to do if you become a victim
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Browsing through the US Department of Justice's Website for the Computer Crime & Intellectual Property Section, cyber crime is a handful of crimes where the primary method of operation or M.O. involves the use of computers or attacks on secure electronic data. The scope of these crimes includes unauthorized access to networks, computers databases, fraudulent money transfers or electronic wire transfers, piracy, espionage and gambling. The invention of the internet creates a new place for people to conduct business, and a very discrete and anonymous place for criminals. Everyday more and more people engage in commerce online, accessing bank accounts and making purchases entirely online. The internet creates a larger arena for crime, and creates more instances of opportunity for crime that requires little technical knowledge and provides a tempting cloak for a person to commit crimes. There are more and more crimes that have moved from the streets to an online environment, taking everyday crime and turning it into a cyber crime. Anything that is illegal, and is committed using computer technology in this virtual environment is cyber crime."
Abstract This paper reviews and discusses various recent cyber-security breaches in the USA. The paper discusses each event, the method used to breach the cyber-security and the response. The paper focuses primarily on the case of Moonlight Maze, one of the most infamous cyber-attacks which occurred in the late 1990s.
From the Paper "The hackers were apparently working from a location in Russia, though this could not be definitively established due to the nature of the infiltration. All that is known for certain is that the hack into Department of Defense computers had been going on for more than a year and that it is entirely unclear how much information was made off with during that time. This is due in part to the fact that in addition to raiding information directly from the Pentagon, the hackers also used that point of entry to enter other sensitive systems throughout the US government. These included networks at nuclear research labs associated with the Energy Department, NASA, and numerous university research facilities (Drogin, 1999). Investigators reiterate that the attackers obtained no known classified information, but the general uncertainty surrounding Moonlight Maze makes this claim dubious at best."
Tags: infiltrations, sensitive, cyber-attack, computer, system, security, breach, hacker, russia
Abstract This paper provides a definition of cyber crime and explores different forms thereof. It asks questions such as - Who commits cyber crime and what is being done to prevent it. It examines the most common crimes committed via the Internet such as software piracy and credit card fraud but also analyzes the scarier crimes such as child pornography and security hacking.
From the Paper "Cyber crime is probably the most talked about form of crime in North America. Parents worry about pedophiles using the Internet to access their children. Businesses spend enormous amounts of money to protect their computer systems from hacker attacks. Many individuals will not use the Internet to shop because they are worried about how secure their credit card information is on the Internet. Is all of this worry, sometimes verging on hysteria justified? Or is it simply a case of fear of a new technology."
Abstract This paper discusses the problems that federal, state and local authorities face when prosecuting cyber identity theft, noting that it is not a simple procedure. The paper explains that individuals that steal the identity of others online often use multiple servers and locations to make it almost impossible to trace the person who is responsible for the identity theft. The paper also explains that when identity theft occurs in a country where traditional Internet crime is not considered a prosecutable offense the country where the nation occurred has a difficult time in locating the criminal and extraditing the identity thief for the purposes of prosecution. Finally, the paper notes that many United States prosecutors are hesitant to prosecute these crimes because they generally involve low profile cases that take extensive amounts of time to investigate and prosecute.
Abstract The writer discusses a three-pronged campaign strategy that is provided for a candidate running for Governor of California. In this article, the writer discusses the campaign strategy that is broken down into three sections. The writer looks at the campaign speech; at campaign strategies; and after election hiring and issues involving the federal government.
From the Paper "Fellow Americans as a child growing up with middle-class working parents I am very excited to announce my candidacy for California's Governor today. Martin Luther King Jr. said 'Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.' I refuse to be silent about the hold that fat cats and lobbyists have on Sacramento. I am running today as a new kind of candidate, one who is determined to take back our government and ensure that it works for ... "
Tags: lower- middle-class, gay marriage, abortion, health care, prescription medicine, media, grassroots campaigns, demographic groups, voters, fundraisers
Abstract This paper discusses the public relations campaign for Riordan Manufacturing as the company prepares to move operations to China. It considers the public that must be addressed by the campaign and what messages might be used for each public, with the publics being the targets for the public relations campaign, meaning employees, customers, shareholders, and local residents.
From the Paper "The publics for an organization can also be called the stakeholders (Grunig, 2005, para. 1), and for Riordan Manufacturing as it prepares to move its operation to China, these include the targets for the public relations campaign, meaning employees, customers, shareholders, and local residents. The interests of these different groups differ as well, and thus any message directed at them might have to be tailored to the specific group to be effective. The employees who lose their jobs in the U.S. constitute a large group that should also include their families, increasing their number considerably. Any messages directed to them must explain the change, when it will occur, how it will affect them, and what compensation might be afforded because of the loss of their jobs."
Abstract This paper explores the issue of why the Kokoda campaign has not become Australia's dominant military legend. It will also present a brief account of the important events during the war, to support the conclusions and discords.
Abstract This paper studies and critiques the potential effects of the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA). The paper cites the act's important changes to federal campaign finance law. The paper also assesses how and to what degree BCRA protects and promotes the public interest.
From the Paper "President George W. Bush signed into law the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act or BCRA. The BCRA contains a number of important changes to federal campaign finance law. While many in the United States see BCRA..."
Abstract Diesel is a clothing and fashion company that originated from England in the late 1980?s. The company grew quickly domestically and began exporting items to different parts of the world. Currently Diesel have offices in many major cities of the world and have created a defined company image and target market. Steve Marks from Diesel Australia described the age demographic of their target market as male's aged between 16 ? 30 and females aged 20 ? 35 and other demographic factors have changed significantly over time. The advertising campaigns featured below start in 1992 and finish with some of the more current ads. This paper will show 5 of Diesel's ads and aim to analyse 1) what is being shown in the ad 2) the message that is being pushed and 3) the consumer behaviour issues that are relevant to the ads.
From the Paper \\\"The first of the advertisements was issued in various magazines in May of 1992. The advertisement depicts two young people sitting in the foreground, surrounded by a number of old aged people who appear to be worshipping the sun. These old aged people in an enclosed concrete and metal area surrounded by sun-beds that tan artificially. The \\\\\\\'Diesel people\\\\\\\' (the two young people who wear the actual clothes) have their backs to this rather grotesque scene. The old ages people in the back of the shot all wear very similar bathers and stand like clones of one another. The Diesel people in contrast are positioned away from these other characters assuming they have personality and individuality. This contrast alone works in favour of the clothes, as it connotes that Diesel provide an effective means of proving one\\\\\\\'s individuality.\\\"
Abstract The author discusses the negative effect of the Shays-Meehan Campaign Finance Reform Bill on the Democratic Party. He evaluates areas of finance, organization, public perception of victory, freedom of speech and the potential court challenge. The Democratic Party is urged to consider changes that would invalidate this legislation.
From the Paper "In theory, the bill sounds like a promising idea as well as a noble political cause. This bill would abolish ?soft money,? the unlimited monetary contributions usually made by unions, corporations, interest groups and wealthy individuals to national, state and local political parties ("Key Provisions of Shays-Meehan"). This money, according to critics, is used to influence elections, buy politicians, and is said to have caused much of the campaign finance scandals of 1996. Many believe that ending this flood of special interest money will restore integrity to decision making in congress (Americans for Reform)."
Abstract The wheels of capitalism are oiled with the tool of collective bargaining. In this four-page we analyze how what we have stated is possible. Moreover the paper also evaluates the sub-strategies and tactics employed by unions when bargaining collectively: the case in point being the Fairwear campaign.
Abstract This paper provides a guideline for planning and running a political campaign, including the specific goals that must be set and achieved, how to formulate and disseminate the candidate's message and how to get out the vote.
From the Paper "All political campaigns seek to persuade the public to vote for a candidate by managing the message that is communicated to the electorate through the media. The core message of any campaign is comprised of more than words and pictures. It is one component of ..."
Abstract This paper examines the 2004 presidential campaigns of Kerry, Nader, and Bush, explaining how each addressed the issues of education, poverty and social security.
From the Paper "Each of the three candidates for the presidency has easily distinguishable positions on three central issues, namely education social security and poverty... The American people deserve to know that the social security trust fund will be protected by the federal government at all costs... The president has failed the American people by ignoring the issue of poverty and focusing on tax cuts..."
Tags: 2004 Presidential Campaign Kerry, Nader, and Bush. education, poverty, and secial security
