Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical system in business. It defines utilitarianism and libertarianism and discusses their failure as systems within business. The paper discusses this failure through the case of Ford Pinto in the 1960s. It also discusses the Tylenol cyanide scare to explain Kantian rule-based ethics which is in contrast to utilitarianism.

Table of Contents:
The Failure of Utilitarianism and Libertarianism: The Case of the Ford Pinto
Kantian Rule-Based Ethics and Entitlement and Virtue Ethics: The Tylenol Cyanide Scare
Egalitarianism
The Difference between Ethics and Business Ethics
The Application of Cost-Benefit Analysis

From the Paper
"Unlike conventional approaches to ethics, business ethics must, to some degree, take economic considerations into its calculus. To 'do good' for a for-profit business, which is the recipient of venture capital, which has stock that people depend upon for profits, and which must keep workers employed as productive members of the workforce so they can feed their families, all means that sometimes a company must put money ahead of, for example, simply feeding the hungry and healing the sick. But the case study of Tylenol shows how sometimes doing or being good can pay off for an enterprise. By showing concern for consumer health, Tylenol was able to come back as a brand, and Proctor & Gamble were able to remain solvent as a company."

Tags:workforce, egalitarianism, utilitarianism, libertarianism

Abstract
This paper discusses the diplomatic tug-of-war that followed the January 2000 cyanide spill that began in Romania and entered the Tisza River in Hungary through the greater Danube River system. The paper shows that throughout the affair, both Romania and Hungary emphasized the need for clear, defined international legal agreements that would govern responsibility in the case of a trans-boundary environmental catastrophe. It also shows how, Romania used the absence of such an agreement to defend its position that it was free of liability in the matter.

From the Paper
"The Tisza River catastrophe, aside from yielding irreversible ecological damage to the river basin area, has had severe repercussions for Romanian-Hungarian relations. While Romania and Hungary, both with designs on joining the European Union and attracting increased foreign investment, attempted to create an image of cooperation in dealing with the disaster, relations between the two countries became strained over issues of blame. The Hungarian government was vague in its demand for compensation, noting that it might not be able to hold the Austrian firm involved in the spill directly responsible. Even Hungary's position on whether to sue Romania was initially uncertain. A desire to promote an international image of stability led both countries to downplay the disaster and cloak the international dispute, but at the same time the Hungarian government had to contend with an outraged Hungarian population."

Tags:eastern, europe, Esmeralda, Exploration, AURUL, Baia, Mare

From the Paper
"Johnson & Johnson/Tylenol

Introduction
The Tylenol case represents perhaps the worst sort of dilemma a company can face. Through no fault of its own, Johnson & Johnson was faced with the destruction of one of its most important brand names. An unknown assailant used the product to murder a number of people at random, and the story was one of the most widely covered events in media history. Within the first week it is estimated that more than 90 percent of the American public were aware of what had happened (Wall Street Journal, October 4, 1982). This situation left the product in a very bad position - no one wanted to use Tylenol in case there had been some tampering with the ..."

From the Paper
"In 1982, the Johnson and Johnson Corporation suffered a major blow when one of their top selling products, Tylenol, was laced with cyanide while on store shelves and resulted in seven deaths in the Chicago area. The company responded immediately to the problem and launched a highly successful public relations campaign which averted any long-lasting damage to the company's image. On the other hand, after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska, Exxon responded so poorly and so slowly that the company still has not recovered its public image. This paper will look at the two disasters, how each company responded, and suggest a public relations strategy which will work for any major corporation placed in this situation.

In March of 1989, the Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker, ran aground on Bligh Reef, dumping 11 million gallons of crude oil..."

Abstract
This paper examines the current policy that allows animals in the wild to be poisoned in order to regulate the number of attacks predators have on rancher's livestock. The paper discusses the impact of the use of the poisons of sodium fluoroacetate (FCH2CO2Na) and sodium cyanide (NaCN) and then examines the arguments for and against banning this practice.

Table of Contents:
Background
Benefits Of Ceasing The Current Policy Of Poisoning Wildlife On Public Lands
Interest Groups In Favor Of Terminating Current Policy Of Wildlife Poisoning
Interest Groups Opposed
Argument 1
Rebuttal 1
Argument 2
Rebuttal 2
Argument 3
Rebuttal 3

From the Paper
"Sodium cyanide has been found to have very high toxicity to wildlife on land as well as aquatic animals in nearby streams. The National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) in Australia, has found serious environmental risks for using sodium cyanide during the extraction of gold from ore. They found that wildlife would die shortly after the consumption of water with trace amounts of sodium cyanide.3 WS claim that if some sodium cyanide spills onto the soil after the discharge of the M-44, the active ingredient dissipates into gas rapidly due to soil moisture, but If there is no moisture, the sodium cyanide will filter through the soil until it degrades or is taken up by micro-organisms or plants."

Tags:livestock wildlife, sodium cyanide, compound 1080, M-44

Abstract
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the history and current day use of the death penalty. When describing the past and modern day application of capital punishment, the paper focuses intensely on the execution methods of electrocution, cyanide gas, lethal injection, hanging, and firing squad. The paper opines that one murder does not justify another, even if it is for punishment purposes. The paper adds that the death penalty does not bring closure to the victim's family - the victim is gone forever, and now the prisoner's family has to watch their loved one die as well. The paper concludes that the death penalty needs to be abolished; we as a society can better ourselves financially and morally if capital punishment is outlawed.

From the Paper
" Life in prison without parole is a worse punishment and a more effective deterrent than capital punishment. Death especially does not faze many serial killers who have a sadistic fascination with the subject. There are people who favor the death penalty in fear that "life without parole" is really just spending a long time in prison with the option of being released after so many years on good behavior. The death penalty puts innocent lives at risk, while life without parole provides severe, certain punishment. Justice is provided for murder victims families and allows more resources to be given to solving other crimes and preventing future violence."

Tags:execution, prisoner, electric, chair, lethal, injection

Abstract
This paper researches the depletion of coral reefs worldwide. The paper first examines how coral reefs are formed. Then the paper discusses the numerous factors that are depleting the reefs, which are: pollution, overfishing, blast fishing, cyanide fishing, temperature changes, sediment runoff, nutrient runoff, shrimp farming, trade in coral and aquarium fish, and clearing of mangrove forests.

Tags:pollution, bleaching, blast fishing

Abstract
This paper introduces the compositions and operating parameters of cyanide and acid copper plating baths. The advantages and limitations of two electroplated copper interconnection methods are compared. Furthermore, a state of the art copper electroplating technique, namely, super filling copper plating, is investigated. Finally possible research endeavors to extend this technique are rendered.
From the paper:

From the Paper
" Copper (Cu) is one of most commonly used pure metals in the electrical industry. This is because that copper has a low conduct resistivity (about 6-10-8W-m), which is fit for the low resistivity electrical connections. There are various methods to deposit Cu film; for example, ECD1 (electroplating and electroless plating), PVD2 (sputtering and evaporation) and sometimes CVD methods3 can be used. Among these techniques, electroplating is the one with the least cost and the highest deposition rate which can be controlled properly by varying the applied current. Most important of all, the thickness of the copper coating deposited by the electroplating can be as high as several centimeters (such as in the electro-forming technology). Because of these advantages, the copper electroplating attracts a lot of interests in the microelectronic fabrications in recent years."

Tags:copper, electroplating, fabrication, micro

Abstract
This paper explains that when the crisis with Tylenol happened, in the 1980s, people were less in tune with public relations and the ramifications. The writer examines how the company dealt with the crisis and concludes that had this happened today, the results would have been far worse for the company.

From the Paper
"Johnson and Johnson has been a very broadly based organization that has been manufacturing health care products since a very long time. It started its footsteps as a child in the mid 1880s with the production of ready-to-use, ready-made surgical dressing. It was the first company to have applied the theory of wound treatment by use of antiseptics. With its application, the chances of infection in postoperative patients reduced greatly. General Robert Wood Johnson wrote the Company's Credo in 1943 which explained the responsible approach of Johnson and Johnson in carrying out their business. It states that the Company's initial most responsibility is to serve the people who make use of their services and products. Second in their priority list comes the employees followed by the environment and community and the last being the stockholders. This shows that Company had aimed to serve the consumers and wished to provide them with the best. It had also envisioned that if the first three priorities were met, the last one i.e. the stockholders, would be fulfilled automatically. "The philosophy at Johnson & Johnson is, 'All accidents and injuries are preventable. An accident is the end result of a unique chain of events and conditions. The role of all Johnson & Johnson employees is to foresee these acts and intercept them before they occur,' says Van Houten" (Smith, 2003). Health and safety are of utmost importance to Johnson and Johnson and they do not allow factors such as profits, sales and production to compromise the safety and health issues. During 1944, Johnson and Johnson became public from a privately held organization. Johnson and Johnson later realized its need to expand and diversify its business and during the 1950s, it entered into pharmaceuticals and later on produced Tylenol, a well known pain killer."

Tags:cyanide, johnson, pharmaceutical, tylenol