Abstract This paper takes a look at global defense companies and the adaptations they have been forced to make over the years, in order to survive. According to the paper, defense spending has resulted in increased production of goods and services needed to satisfy the increased demand, a process that contributes to higher income and employment in the economy. The paper discusses how cutbacks influence the general economy.
Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Chapter Three: What Options will be Most Beneficial to the Employees and the General Public of the U.S.?
Chapter Four: Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion
From the Paper "In spite of these changes in the nature of the threats being arrayed against the U.S. at home and its interests and allies abroad and despite President Bush's articulation of specific campaign promises to "skip a generation" in weapons procurement, all three of the Pentagon's advanced fighter plane programs continued to receive funding; in fact, in 2002 alone, almost $12 billion was allocated to the Air Force's F-22 Raptor, the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35, and the Navy's F-18E/F fighter plane (Ciarroco, 2002). According to Ciarroco, "The F-22 has been described as a costly cold war relic designed for an enemy that no longer exists. The Super Hornet, as the F-18E/F is known, has not been able to meet key performance goals that were used to justify its development" (2002, p. 2). The JSF (also known as the F-35) was considered one of the more likely programs to be cut or scaled back; within weeks of September 11, 2001, though, Lockheed Martin was awarded a $19 billion development contract, and international partners formally joined (Ciarroco, 2002). "
Tags: NGC, weapons, research, development, defense, budget, battlefields, pentagon, government
Abstract This paper looks at how current administration is spending money on public health programs and evaluates whether it is really enough. It analyzes whether spending money without restructuring the process in America is really going to have the sort of outcome that the country needs. It examines how the nation is becoming more focused on the "what ifs" of public health care than on focusing on the state of public health as it currently exists due to factors such as biological warfare. It discusses the need for public health programs to prepare in case such attacks occur, but also the need of public health and safety to assist us with the world that we are living in today. A world where people are dying because they do not have access to funds, because programs and cutbacks are shutting the doors.
From the Paper "Governmental agencies may be advertising grant programs that may at first not necessarily look like public health type block grants. For example the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development offers grant opportunities often that end up keeping the public health infrastructure complete. The Department of Housing and Urban Development the Indian Community Development Block grant (ICDBG) program. ?The Indian Community Development Block grant program provides eligible grantees with direct grants for use in developing viable Indian and Alaska Native Communities, including decent housing, a suitable living environment, and economic opportunities, primarily for low and moderate income persons. Eligible applicants include any Indian tribe, band, group, or nation including Alaskan Indians, Aleuts, and Eskimos or Alaska Native village, which has established a relationship to the Federal government as defined in the program regulations."
Tags:cutbacks, biological, warfare, aids, money, government
Abstract This ten-page undergraduate paper argues that the government cutbacks and restructuring of the past two decades, whereby care was largely moved from the health care system to the home, resulted in excessive burdens on women caregivers and in elder abuse. Care needs to more evenly distributed.
Abstract This paper explains that the current attitude of the administration of the office of Social Security is that the social security system was never meant to be the sole source of income in retirement; a comfortable retirement is based on social security, pensions and savings. The author points out that social security reform remains one of the most divisive and partisan issues in American politics today largely because of the controversy over privatization. The paper concludes that some privatization and cutbacks for the wealthiest recipients are necessary.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Background
Development and Debate of the Social Security Issue Today
Recommendations and Conclusions
From the Paper "Even many Democrats believe that the Social Security system is in need of reform, although not necessarily the kind of complete overhaul proposed by the president. But is there another solution to the Social Security crisis besides privatizing? The so called 'lock box' alternative approach, requiring set-asides, would to require that the non-Social Security Federal budget be in balance or surplus for the years in which Social Security makes investments. Though the amount of borrowing from the public might be reduced, such a state of balance cannot be relied upon for every financial year. And is the notion of partial privatization so radical, anyway? Several proposals recommend that a personal savings account plan for Social Security be modeled after the federal government's "Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)"."
Abstract This research paper attempts to determine what will happen to the employees of companies such as NGC if the U.S. government deems it necessary to reduce current spending amounts on military systems. To this end, this study considers the research and development (R&D) options for companies such as NGC, specifically, which options will be most beneficial to the employees and the general public of the U.S. Moreover, this paper looks at whether the U.S. can remain a superpower in order to protect its people from terrorism, while reducing its military expenses.
Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
Chapter Two: What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Chapter Three:What options will be most beneficial to the employees and the general public of the U.S.?
Chapter Four: Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion
From the Paper "In recent years, many pundits have been heard lamenting the loss of the 'good old days of Communism,' when America's enemies were well demarked and neatly contained in known geographic areas. By sharp contrast, today, the terrorist threats arrayed against the United States and its interests at home and abroad are dramatically different than years past, and even the most enthusiastic weapons systems advocates would likely be reluctant to suggest that such innovations would prove effective against these increasingly nebulous threats to America's security. In spite of the growing need for more sophisticated weapons and communications systems on the battlefield, some analysts suggest that the Department of Defense has failed to continue the pace of modernization projects that was historically maintained during the Cold War. One author emphasizes that, "It would be wrong to say U.S. forces have reached the point where they are forced to use obsolete weapons and equipment. On the other hand, according to the department, the need to step up modernization funding is growing with each passing year" (Brasher, 2000, p. 203). This is not to say, of course, that the new types and levels of threats have been ignored, but rather that defense spending is not being used to its maximum advantage today, but the policymakers are trying."
Tags: america, spending, cutbacks, budget, military, systems
Abstract This paper presents research, which shows the implications, by the year 2015, for a global defense company if there are cutbacks of more than 20 percent of the U.S. federal budget. The author presents an analysis of current projects to indicate how funding is used towards military sustainment and how projected cuts could affect those projects. The paper demonstrates how the employees of global defense companies, the military and the general population of the United States could be affected. The methodology for this study is content analysis.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Table:Government Contractors in Court
What Options will be Most Beneficial to the Employees and the General Public of the U.S.?
Table: Factors Mitigating the Impacts of Military Base Closures
Table: Recapitulation and Summary of Base Closure Journal Articles and Texts
Table: Recapitulation and Summary of Influences on Defense R&D Journal Articles and Recent Media Reports
Overview of Northrop Grumman
Table: Current R&D Initiatives by Northrop Grumman.
Overview of Boeing
Table: Current R&D Initiatives by Boeing
Overview of Lockheed Martin
Table: Current R&D Initiatives by Lockheed Martin
Potential Research and Development Initiatives
Robotics and Robot Companions for the Elderly
Water Desalination Initiatives
Video Games
Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion
From the Paper "The quantitative aspects of the water supply have been widely studied as to specific regions of the world and it is possible to view these trends on a global level. According to Starr (1996), the next few decades are going to be characterized by conflicts - even wars - over increasingly scarce water resources. This author reports that, "Nature annually contributes in fresh water to the world's continents about ten times the world's water use for all purposes. On average, about 70 percent flows to the sea in seasonal floods."
Tags: adjustment options, content analysis, northrop grumman, water
Abstract This essay deals with four areas which are causing Canadian National Parks to disappear--extreme government cut-backs, identity crisis, improper management and ecosystem destruction. It also suggests ways in which the government can change its polices to save these parks.
From the Paper "Canadians look at the infamous National Park's landscape and see a vast and beautiful range of Canada at it's best. Unfortunately, what one sees is often deceiving. The truth is that the state of Canada's National Parks is alarming. Entire species are disappearing, vegetation is being destroyed by development and urbanization, and the pristine lakes and rivers are being contaminated by pollution. The Canadian Government has not been fulfilling its managerial role in protecting the essential resources that are comprised in Canada's National Parks. The problems that have generated in the Park's system have often dismissed due to their seemingly insignificant characteristics. Unfortunately, all of the insignificant problems joined together to create a devastating picture of dyfunctionality of the National Parks. There are four pivotal points that have caused the Park's disastrous spiral aimed at oblivion. Extreme cuts to the Parks Canada's budget has forced them to compromise their principles on how the parks should be run, and resorted to doing what they could. Parks Canada has found itself in an extreme identity crisis, as financial pressures are pitting conflicting philosophies against one another. The Canadian Government is the root which many, if not all of the posing threats the National Parks has emerged from. Their improper management and mentality has potentially shattered any chance of Canada's ecosystem to flourish. Until the Canadian Government stops seeing the nation's national Parks yet another way to generate a clever income for their institution, the parks will continue to lose their ecological integrity until they fade from man's sight completely."
A look at the managerial structure of "broadbanding" in a company, a system where less levels of management exist and employees advance horizontally and not upwards.
Abstract This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of "broadbanding" and how this effects employees benefits packages. Broadbanding is a policy to have fewer hierarchical layers in a company and employees expand sideways and not upwards.
From the Paper "Enter "broadbanding," the practice of structuring job classifications to have fewer "layers" than a traditional compensation system. For example, a company that starts out with eight layers compresses those layers to four broader ones, creating a new set of job classifications that grou p
similar skill sets and skilled personnel together. Overnight (or so it can seem), a company's entire compensation picture shifts, its grades change, and the "lay of the land" is a whole new territory. This new territory is both an individual challenge and a corporate one. Although the effect of a broadband can be, and sometimes is, a change in the salary range of a particular job, in reality its practical ramifications extend beyond individual job descriptions into a much wider picture. Examining that "bigger picture" in more detail reveals that broadbanding is a phenomenon with its own set of advantages and disadvantages."
Abstract The author lists many new trends in public agency management. The paper states that managers of public agencies must learn new skills. The paper continues that the talented manager continues to learn by attending educational opportunities outside and inside the organization. The author lists ways to be a career activist. The paper also reviews the principle of effectiveness, teamwork and the "mission".
From the Paper "These new trends will have an affect upon the employment world. New skills will be needed. The talented manager will not sit and wait to be asked to learn new skills, but will be preparing for the changes that will be happening in the company. The talented manager will be growing outside of the organization as well as inside the organization by taking classes, seminars, workshops, and other educational programs to keep him/her as a valued member of the company."
Abstract This paper creates a fictional mid-sized oil and gas company with a financing problem. The problem of how to finance the purchase of new equipment for the company is outlined. An argument is made for the necessity of new equipment at this time, and a proposal made for training cutbacks in order to finance these purchases. Suggestions for future evaluation are presented.
From the Paper "Company XYZ, Inc., a mid sized oil and gas company, requires money to purchase new equipment for the engineering department. The new equipment is required in order to maintain the competitive edge that the company currently enjoys. Due to financial limitations, cutting the training budget was suggested as a means to free funds to buy new equipment. Such a decision presents a dilemma: In the oil and gas industry, training is critical for efficient, continuous productivity; new technology however, is also important as it helps maintain the competitive edge in the market. Given such a situation, a 25% cut is a reasonable amount. It would not affect the overall financial outcome if some of the training programs for this period were carried out in-house within the company itself."
Examines impact on nursing of economy- & efficiency-based changes in hospital organization & operations (cutbacks, decentralization, team care, unlicensed assistants).
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 19 sources, 1996, $ 47.95
From the Paper "An increasing number of hospitals, in the pursuit of goals related to both efficiency and effectiveness, are implementing reorganization schemes that frequently involve downsizing, decentralization, or some combination of downsizing and decentralization (Barrett, 1995, p. 24). Among health care professionals, nurses tend to be those most frequently displaced by the contemporary downsizing and decentralization strategies (Suderman, 1995, p. 7). This research examines some of the more important effects on the practice of nursing of the implementation of downsizing and decentralization schemes by hospitals."
Analyzes development of U.S. financial & military aid programs & recommends major cutbacks or elimination of most. Views of public & govt., Cold War policy, fiscal restraints, examples.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 26 sources, 1996, $ 111.95
From the Paper "As the Republican-controlled Congress continues to attempt to sharply reduce the levels of foreign economic, humanitarian, and military aid, the politicians and the American public are increasingly being forced to confront the issue of what the foreign aid policy of the United States should be. Quite mistakenly, many people view the drive to curtail foreign aid and change the criteria of eligibility for such aid as a radical departure from traditional American policies. In actual fact, American foreign aid almost always has been a tool of American self-interest, or at least perceived self-interest. The major exception to this approach to American aid was decade from the mid-1970s ..."
From the Paper "Introduction
Companies refer to the process by many names: "downsizing," "rightsizing," "cutting back," "trimming the fat," "working smarter" and "re-engineering" are just a few of the ways the process is described. Regardless of what companies call the process, the end result is that employees, sometimes hundreds or thousands, lose their jobs and incomes, and entire communities are sometimes plunged into chaos as a result. For some companies, reducing their labor force by such drastic measures is a necessity if any part of the company is to survive. These companies are in severe financial straits and may not survive even after severe labor cutbacks. For other companies, such measures are undertaken in order to improve their "bottom line" and increase their attractiveness to investors, some of whom are likely to be senior manage.."
Abstract There has been a massive shift in thinking about chronic pain and pain management, from seeing pain as a secondary characteristic to the disease, to seeing pain as a primary problem. The writer explores the issue and the surrounding controversy. The paper looks at the ways in which financial cutbacks in home health care and hospice have led to fewer employees and a stronger reliance on pain medication.
From the Paper "In an article in the Columbian (Oregon leads quiet revolution, 1999), a graphic example of one of the ongoing problems in the management of chronic pain was illustrated in the story of a man who hurt his back in 1988. Although in chronic pain, his doctors hesitated to provide him with narcotics for long-term pain relief because of the fear of drug addiction. Despite the fact that things are changing, pain management in home health care and hospice has often been shaped more by politics than by scientific knowledge about the effects of pain and its management. Both doctors and patients still exhibit resistance to appropriate pain management, fearing addiction, acting from ignorance, or feeling that patients should simply be more stoic. In the following pages, the intention is to explore this issue in more detail."
Abstract An 8 page discussion of the results of cost cutting and Canada's health cares systems. Emphasis is placed on the implications for health care administration. Reference is also made to strategies for sustaining the effects of cutbacks.
