Abstract
This paper takes a look at global defense companies and the adaptations they have been forced to make over the years, in order to survive. According to the paper, defense spending has resulted in increased production of goods and services needed to satisfy the increased demand, a process that contributes to higher income and employment in the economy. The paper discusses how cutbacks influence the general economy.

Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Chapter Three: What Options will be Most Beneficial to the Employees and the General Public of the U.S.?
Chapter Four: Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In spite of these changes in the nature of the threats being arrayed against the U.S. at home and its interests and allies abroad and despite President Bush's articulation of specific campaign promises to "skip a generation" in weapons procurement, all three of the Pentagon's advanced fighter plane programs continued to receive funding; in fact, in 2002 alone, almost $12 billion was allocated to the Air Force's F-22 Raptor, the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35, and the Navy's F-18E/F fighter plane (Ciarroco, 2002). According to Ciarroco, "The F-22 has been described as a costly cold war relic designed for an enemy that no longer exists. The Super Hornet, as the F-18E/F is known, has not been able to meet key performance goals that were used to justify its development" (2002, p. 2). The JSF (also known as the F-35) was considered one of the more likely programs to be cut or scaled back; within weeks of September 11, 2001, though, Lockheed Martin was awarded a $19 billion development contract, and international partners formally joined (Ciarroco, 2002). "

Tags:NGC, weapons, research, development, defense, budget, battlefields, pentagon, government

Abstract
This paper presents research, which shows the implications, by the year 2015, for a global defense company if there are cutbacks of more than 20 percent of the U.S. federal budget. The author presents an analysis of current projects to indicate how funding is used towards military sustainment and how projected cuts could affect those projects. The paper demonstrates how the employees of global defense companies, the military and the general population of the United States could be affected. The methodology for this study is content analysis.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Table:Government Contractors in Court
What Options will be Most Beneficial to the Employees and the General Public of the U.S.?
Table: Factors Mitigating the Impacts of Military Base Closures
Table: Recapitulation and Summary of Base Closure Journal Articles and Texts
Table: Recapitulation and Summary of Influences on Defense R&D Journal Articles and Recent Media Reports
Overview of Northrop Grumman
Table: Current R&D Initiatives by Northrop Grumman.
Overview of Boeing
Table: Current R&D Initiatives by Boeing
Overview of Lockheed Martin
Table: Current R&D Initiatives by Lockheed Martin
Potential Research and Development Initiatives
Robotics and Robot Companions for the Elderly
Water Desalination Initiatives
Video Games
Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The quantitative aspects of the water supply have been widely studied as to specific regions of the world and it is possible to view these trends on a global level. According to Starr (1996), the next few decades are going to be characterized by conflicts - even wars - over increasingly scarce water resources. This author reports that, "Nature annually contributes in fresh water to the world's continents about ten times the world's water use for all purposes. On average, about 70 percent flows to the sea in seasonal floods."

Tags:adjustment options, content analysis, northrop grumman, water

Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper argues that the government cutbacks and restructuring of the past two decades, whereby care was largely moved from the health care system to the home, resulted in excessive burdens on women caregivers and in elder abuse. Care needs to more evenly distributed.

Abstract
This research paper attempts to determine what will happen to the employees of companies such as NGC if the U.S. government deems it necessary to reduce current spending amounts on military systems. To this end, this study considers the research and development (R&D) options for companies such as NGC, specifically, which options will be most beneficial to the employees and the general public of the U.S. Moreover, this paper looks at whether the U.S. can remain a superpower in order to protect its people from terrorism, while reducing its military expenses.

Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
Chapter Two: What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Chapter Three:What options will be most beneficial to the employees and the general public of the U.S.?
Chapter Four: Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In recent years, many pundits have been heard lamenting the loss of the 'good old days of Communism,' when America's enemies were well demarked and neatly contained in known geographic areas. By sharp contrast, today, the terrorist threats arrayed against the United States and its interests at home and abroad are dramatically different than years past, and even the most enthusiastic weapons systems advocates would likely be reluctant to suggest that such innovations would prove effective against these increasingly nebulous threats to America's security. In spite of the growing need for more sophisticated weapons and communications systems on the battlefield, some analysts suggest that the Department of Defense has failed to continue the pace of modernization projects that was historically maintained during the Cold War. One author emphasizes that, "It would be wrong to say U.S. forces have reached the point where they are forced to use obsolete weapons and equipment. On the other hand, according to the department, the need to step up modernization funding is growing with each passing year" (Brasher, 2000, p. 203). This is not to say, of course, that the new types and levels of threats have been ignored, but rather that defense spending is not being used to its maximum advantage today, but the policymakers are trying."

Tags:america, spending, cutbacks, budget, military, systems

Abstract
Cutbacks of the 1990s reduced the Canadian welfare state and notably social assistance and unemployment access in a high immigration period designed by policy to last 20 years; discussion of why media/activists stress hardship social welfare need in immigrants or refugees as opposed to others; proposed immigration policy changes; ideological more than practical agenda; various references.

From the Paper
Immigration, Social Assistance & the End of the Canadian Welfare State. Introduction This paper refers to alterations in Canada with 1990s reduction in previous Welfare state spending that are said to have drastically altered thpe experience of immigrants to Canada requiring assistance. Sedef Arat-Koc has argued that neo-liberalism and restructuring in the 1990s produced a very different scenario for newcomers as would mean ongoing family dependence in newcomer families and particularly for immigrant women. (1999) This prognosis is interesting to explore in relation to a quite large literature addressing Canadian immigration and resettlement as

Tags:canada, immigration, 1990s

Abstract
The paper focuses on the Texas Workforce Commission and the California Labor and Workforce Development Agency and their similar purpose of assisting displaced workers with unemployment benefits.
The paper examines the policies that are implemented and maintained by these agencies and how California has been involved in cutback and surplus management. The paper concludes that developing strategies for success during times of economic crises is no easy task and one that must not be taken lightly.

Outline:
The Purpose of This Agency
Policies That are Implemented and Maintained by This Agency
How This Department is Involved in Cutback and Surplus Management
How This Department is Involved in Funding to State or Other Governments
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Developing strategies for success during times of economic crises is no easy task and one that must not be taken lightly. Many states throughout the United States are facing economic turmoil and find themselves juggling finances in order to meet overwhelming needs. Despite residing in different states, Team A selected the Texas Workforce Commission and the California Labor and Workforce Development Agency, respectively. Although in different states, the purpose of the commission is the same: assisting displaced workers with unemployment benefits."

Tags:cutback, debt, surplus, management, deficit

Abstract
The paper discusses how scientists disagree about whether recent observable changes in the plant's climate are natural occurrences, or are caused by human activity, and on the importance of these climate changes. The paper points out the dangers from global warming that include animal extinction, an increase in allergies, and severe weather problems. The paper then looks at those who are concerned that a fear of global warming will allow a cutback in energy use that could trigger a prolonged worldwide recession.

From the Paper
"Global Warming remains a controversial subject, both in the media, and in more academic discussions. Eminent scientists not only disagree about whether recent observable changes in the plant's climate are natural occurrences, or caused by human activity, they also disagree about the importance of such warming, and even whether such warming is a positive or negative development in the Earth's environment.
"The disagreements extend to all in the scientific community, with some denying that there is any disagreement at all: "There is a scientific consensus on the fact that the Earth's climate is heating up and human activities are part of the reason. We need to stop repeating nonsense about the uncertainty of global warming" (Naomi Oreskes), while others maintain that such disagreement exists."

Tags:climate, change, animal, extinction, allergies, weather, recession

Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of the personnel cost-cutting measures employed by major airlines in the United States and their relationship to aircraft safety. The research focuses on four factors - employee layoffs, increase on employee workload, cutting employee benefits and cutting employee training. The paper presents a survey on aviation pilots at American Airlines (AA).

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Background of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Limitations
Delimitations
Definition of Terms
Acronyms
II Review of Related Literature Hypothesis
Introduction
Employee Benefits Cost Reduction and Wages Cutback
Employee Lay Offs
Increase in Employee Workload
Employee Training
Commercial Aircraft Safety
III Research Methodology
Introduction
Research Design
Research Model
Survey Population
Sources of Data
The Data Gathering Instrument
Pilot Study
Instrument Pretest
Distribution Method
Instrument Reliability
Instrument Validity
IV Results
Introduction
Demographics
Pilot's Awareness of Company Decision and Policies
Pilot's Awareness about AA's Cost Cutting Measures
Pilot's Perspective on the Effects of Cost Cutting
Measures of AA to Commercial Aircraft Safety
V Discussion
Introduction
Pilot's Awareness of company Decision and Policies
Pilot's Awareness about AA's Cost Cutting Measures
Pilot's Perspective on the Effects of Cost Cutting
Measures of AA to Commercial Aircraft Safety
Summary
VI Conclusion
VII Recommendations
Appendices

From the Paper
"Since, 1998 the Government Accountability Office (2004) (GAO) of the United States had reported that majority of the leading airline industries have a difficulty of acquiring revenue and profit increase because of the growth of Low Cost Airlines (LCA) The proliferation of Low Cost Airlines has caused a strict competition in terms of domestic market share due to the relatively low prices that were offered and the relatively low cost cutting measures of LCA. Hence, it is reported by GAO (2004) that the operation costs of LCA have even increased to $1 Billion or 10% of its total operation costs. In effect of this, the research inferred that such an effect had a significant impact in terms of how passengers in general compare and view LCA to Big Airlines."

Tags:Boeing, budget, pilot

From the Paper
"As the Republican-controlled Congress continues to attempt to sharply reduce the levels of foreign economic, humanitarian, and military aid, the politicians and the American public are increasingly being forced to confront the issue of what the foreign aid policy of the United States should be. Quite mistakenly, many people view the drive to curtail foreign aid and change the criteria of eligibility for such aid as a radical departure from traditional American policies. In actual fact, American foreign aid almost always has been a tool of American self-interest, or at least perceived self-interest. The major exception to this approach to American aid was decade from the mid-1970s ..."

From the Paper
"An increasing number of hospitals, in the pursuit of goals related to both efficiency and effectiveness, are implementing reorganization schemes that frequently involve downsizing, decentralization, or some combination of downsizing and decentralization (Barrett, 1995, p. 24). Among health care professionals, nurses tend to be those most frequently displaced by the contemporary downsizing and decentralization strategies (Suderman, 1995, p. 7). This research examines some of the more important effects on the practice of nursing of the implementation of downsizing and decentralization schemes by hospitals."