Abstract
The paper looks at what VOIP technology is, what it does and how the history of this new brand of technology has evolved over time. Ultimately, what the reader should take away from this brief summary is the idea that VOIP technology today is making it easier than ever before for individuals to connect and "multi-task" with others. The paper shows how VOIP technology is making the internet and the traditional phone line more integrated than ever before while cutting down on the expenses associated with the latter.

From the Paper
"The following paper will discuss Voice-Over Internet Technology. Specifically, a few pages will be devoted to looking at what VOIP technology is, what it does (and how precisely it works) and how the history of this new brand of technology has evolved over time. Ultimately, what the reader should take away from this brief summary is the idea that VoIP technology today is making it easier than ever before for individuals to connect and "multi-task" with others. Indeed, VOIP technology is making the internet and the traditional phone line more integrated than ever before while cutting down on the expenses associated with the latter."

Tags:voip, technology, history

Abstract
Over seventy breeds of dogs regularly have their ears and tails cropped without medical benefit. There are many claims made by the people who perform this cruel surgery regarding the reasons why it should be done, however, this paper argues that their logic is flawed and easily debunked. It argues that, in reality, cropping ears and tails is not only unnecessary and not beneficial to the animal, but it is also dangerous and painful. Cropping the ears and tails of dogs is a bad practice which may lead to infection or other health problems and interferes with communication with other dogs and people.

From the Paper
"Other dogs experience chronic pain and phantom sensations (like chronic itching) because of the cut nerves. The nerve damage can extend throughout the body and even effect the dog's ability to walk. Infection can lead to illness or death from the amputation. The ears become more prone to infection and infestation after they are cut because they are more exposed, and the immune system of the dog can be permanently damaged from the experience."

Tags:infestation, paralysis, vetinary

Abstract
Youth crime - or the spectre of youth crime - concerns all of us. Suffice it to say, how this issue is addressed by the court system is a hot topic of discussion that invariably gets around to the central matter of whether or not the system is too lenient when it comes to young offenders. The following paper will argue that the conditions placed upon young offenders who are released from custody are frequently overused or misapplied and that they cause more harm than good. Of course, there are proponents of the current system who argue the exact opposite: the wide-spread imposition of conditions upon release cuts down on youth delinquency and allows the system to more carefully monitor at-risk young people. Nonetheless, the following paper will look at section 515 and its provisions, highlight just how over-used these provisions are, determine the role of the courts and the role of the police in creating this unhappy situation, and will finish up by looking at how the conditions which are applied often seemingly have no relationship to the actual nature of the crime. In the end, Canada is unjustly criminalizing its youth.

From the Paper
Youth Justice: Why (and How) the Conditions of Release for Young People Are Over-Used Youth crime - or the spectre of youth crime - concerns all of us. Suffice it to say, how this issue is addressed by the court system is a hot topic of discussion that invariably gets around to the central matter of whether or not the system is too lenient when it comes to young offenders. The following paper will argue that the conditions placed upon young offenders who are released from custody are frequently overused or misapplied and that they cause more harm than good. Of course, there are proponents of the current system who argue the exact opposite: the wide-spread

Tags:conditions, bail, youth

Abstract
In this article, the writer explores overeating and produces a workable list of behavior modification techniques that might apply to a patient who has difficulty controlling food consumption. The writer notes that overeating is a nationwide problem in the US that has been on the rise for several decades. Further, the writer points out that people overeat for many reasons and one of the difficulties in addressing the issue is the fact that humans need to consume food to survive, therefore unlike drug use or drinking it cannot be completely cut out of one's life as a form of behavior modification. The writer concludes that using techniques such as stress management, self monitoring, and social support are behavior modification steps that can be used to help a person reduce the incidence of overeating.

Outline:
Introduction
Behavior Modification
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Overeating is often a difficult problem to address because the behavior modifications cannot include things that will help a person stop the activity completely. Unlike drug use, smoking cigarettes or chronic tardiness, one cannot completely stop eating and thereby remove the undesirable activity from their life completely. One must have food to sustain life therefore there is no way to completely remove it. It will always been needed and necessary and for those who have difficulty controlling their impulses it will always be there as a temptation for the undesired behavior to continue, in this case overeating. While this makes it a difficult behavior to change it can be done through the implementation of behavior modification techniques. "
"One of the first steps in behavior modification is self monitoring. This requires the person to become aware of their target behaviors by keeping a diary or journal about their eating habits."

Tags:food, consumption, overweight, obese

Abstract
This paper introduces and analyzes the topic of the Bush tax cuts. Specifically, it examines the potential effect of the Bush tax cuts on the economy over the next three years. It looks at how the cuts are a controversial measure to boost the nation's economy during a time of economic stagnation and crisis and how, although they began in 2001 and have continued with revisions through 2003, much of their economic effect on the nation's monetary situation will continue for the next three years and beyond.

From the Paper
"While not all of the state and local governments' woes can be blamed on the Bush Tax Cuts, the tax cuts did add to the financial difficulties of the states. They have affected state and local taxpayers with higher taxes on a variety of services, from education to health care and corrections. These higher taxes are often move than any tax cuts received from the Federal Government, and so, the Federal Tax Cuts are negated by the higher state and local taxes. In addition, most states will not see light at the end of the tunnel anytime soon. In fact, states are grappling with many issues in the tax cuts, including the loss of estate tax revenues that will affect states for the next three years, and far beyond."

Tags:government, health, federal

Abstract
Tax policies recently introduced into the United States House of Representatives will effectively reduce the tax burden for the average citizen in Florida. This paper discusses how, despite Democratic concerns over the expanding federal deficit, it is clear that the effect of bills like H.R. 4275, which made permanent the 10-percent tax bracket for the first $7,000 of income, will result in more money in the pockets of American citizens, including citizens of Florida.

From the Paper
"On May 13, 2004, the United States House of Representatives put forward bill H.R.4275, also known as the 10 Percent Tax Bracket Extension and Permanency Act. Sponsored by Republican Pete Sessions, this bill was designed to "amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to permanently extend the 10-percent individual income tax rate bracket". The bill was successfully passed, by a vote of 344 pro to 76 against (Library of Congress)."

Tags:democratic, republican, citizen, burden

Abstract
There are many people who feel that political polarization and factionalism are not necessarily bad things. After all, the cut-and-thrust of vigorous political debate hold ideas up to scrutiny, keeps governments accountable, and compels politicians to state their positions on important issues. Unfortunately, political polarization is, too often, a very negative thing because partisan politics get in the way of serious debate. Over the next few pages, it will be argued that political polarization causes animosity, subordinates the public interest to group interests, can clog the administration of government, can imperil the rights of various citizens (if a specific faction wields the balance of power, that is) and can threaten such hallowed things as private property and security of the person. Because of this, political polarization must be carefully constrained and political partisanship must be discouraged at all levels of government - but especially at the federal level when America faces existentialist threats beyond its borders.

From the Paper
Prompt 1: Political Polarization and why it is not a good thing There are many people who feel that political polarization and factionalism are not necessarily bad things. After all, the cut-and-thrust of vigorous political debate hold ideas up to scrutiny, keeps governments accountable, and compels politicians to state their positions on important issues. Unfortunately, political polarization is, too often, a very negative thing because partisan politics get in the way of serious debate. Over the next few pages, it will be argued that political polarization causes animosity, subordinates the public interest to group interests, can clog the administration of government, can imperil the rights of various

Tags:political, polarization, problems

Abstract
This paper examines how history enlightens us that Churchill was excluded from office for a decade between 1929 and 1939 due to the fact that many political party members distrusted him and how nevertheless, Winston Churchill politically was just as effective (at that period in time) out of office as he would have been in it. It looks at how the 1930s generated many doubts over Churchill's political career and attempts to reveal why Churchill's political rivals buried him, why his enemies cut him off and why he was politically isolated out of money and power and was compelled to switch allegiances to other political parties for his own beneficial purposes. It also incorporates evidence that emphasises that it was Churchill's anxieties of attaining the British Empire at all costs (imperialism of India) and of initiating the belief that Hitler wasn't to be trusted, that British rearmament was necessary and that appeasement with the Germans was dishonourable.

From the Paper
"Credit where credit is due, artistically and journalistically Churchill was a fine painter and writer (he earned a respectable 30 thousand a year doing it) however, as far as money and the economy was concerned, Churchill was far from the economist expert he thought he was. Because not only did he lose a fortune in the stock exchange when Wall Street crashed in 1929 (he had to get a friend to bail him out), he also lost the position of Chancellor of the Exchequer when the Conservatives were defeated at the election that was brought about by the collapse in world economy."

Tags:chamberlain, hitler, british, empire, germany

Abstract
This paper discusses the teaching of humanities and, more specifically language arts and the trend among some colleges and universities recently to cut back or eliminate their humanities major and courses. The paper discusses the history of the study of humanities from as far back as the Middle Ages. The paper then analyzes the three primary models that have been used for language arts instruction in Western learning.

From the Paper
"Jim Burke, whose approach on writing is used religiously by teachers, notes how teachers serve as role models for student reflection on literature. Teachers can demonstrate the ways in which they, as readers, work their way through particular texts, and give students identifiable ways of approaching texts generally. It is this need for models, instead of any inability on student's part of students that may cause reading problems, especially in relatively difficult texts. He states, "I occasionally hear teachers complain that students can't read a certain text....however, we forget that this text is different, more challenging than others they have read" (44). While this may seem readily apparent to educators, Burke suggests that this task is framed not only by the expectations of what students "ought" to learn as required by state and national standards, but also by the teacher's own understanding of the students' location on a "Continuum of Complexity"--"from simple understanding to confident interpretation of multiple texts" (43-44). He emphasizes that all levels of students can be helped to understand difficult texts, but only if "we . . . scaffold and sequence their reading so that we develop their ability to successfully read a series of increasingly challenging stories" (43)."

Tags:philosophy, student, knowledge, text, classroom

Abstract
This paper argues that the use of humanitarian intervention in Kosovo was the right decision even though other people oppose this action because they see full military interventions, including armed combat and humanitarian aide, as a serious act of destructing state sovereignty. The paper then asserts out that the situation in Kosovo and other national breeches of human rights are usually an ethnic conflict in which an unscrupulous leader utilizes genocidal slaughter to control political situations. The paper also contends that, although many people wish that humanitarian intervention could be defined by clear-cut guidelines, these situations are always beset by ethical and moral dilemmas.

From the Paper
"United States, post WWII, has made markedly extensive strides toward a reversal of the isolationist tactics of previous years, and yet the value of such an idea is questioned by many as intervention frequently and almost assuredly leaves the nation and her allies' subjects of criticism. Additionally, public opinion also seems to be split in such situations, with some coming to the side of immediate and swift intervention; regardless to maintain international rights, others complain that the US has no right or business being everyone's protector."

Tags:negotiations, atrocities, protector, dilemma, avoidance