Abstract
This paper examines the potential impact of the proposed Bush tax cut by reviewing how it would affect demand for products and whether it would stimulate job creation -- both factors that could lead to long-term economic growth. After a brief explanation of supply and demand theory, the paper critiques the White House's claim that the tax cut would give a family of four an additional $1600 annually. The paper concludes that any individual gain would likely be offset by the national loss: wide-scale slashing of federal budgets for social services, including for children and the elderly.

From the Paper
"It is no secret that America's economy is in a bad way. People are losing their jobs, home foreclosures are up, and most economic indicators are heading south and have been heading south for the past several years. In order to remedy this problem, President Bush has proposed massive tax cuts in every year of his presidency. Although none of his tax cuts have made it through congress full strength, there have been tax cuts every year of Bush's presidency. Bush's original tax cut called for a 726 billion dollar tax cut over the next ten year. Due to political circumstances, Bush has said that he will accept a tax cut of 550 billion dollars over the next ten years. Bush argues that the bad economy needs tax cuts, that lower taxes will help the economy grow again."

Tags:supply, side, demand, household, income, Republican, budget, stimulate, job, growth, White, House

Abstract
This paper stresses that, even when speaking of the natural processes, it has been difficult to determine whether alterations to bone were by burning and heating, which would indicate cannibalism for nutrition, or by natural processes. The author points out that whether homo sapiens practiced cannibalism, the American Association for the Advancement of Science has come in on the side of the cannibalism debate, at least as far as our ancestor Neanderthals go. The paper indicates that the research on cut marks on bone is divided into prehistoric sites, early historic sites, and sites where there is a generally reliable linguistic record.

Table of Contents
The Beginning of the Debate
The Debate Filters Out of Academia
International Debate
Pro-cannibalism Evidence
The Oldest Part of the Debate Continues Under Investigation
Violence and Death, Without Cannibalism
Modern Cannibalism
Modern Deaths and Cut Marks

From the Paper
"While the controversy about cannibalism vis a vis cut marks originated in Asian sites, it has become a hot topic vis a vis U.S. sites in the southwest as well, and not only concerning the Anasazi. Billman, Lambert and Leonard grappled with it in excavating 5MT10010, a small early Pueblo III habitation site in southwestern Colorado. They examined battered, broken bones from seven individuals in two adjacent pithouses there, including mixed and incomplete remains of four adults and an adolescent, and the remains of two subadults."

Tags:processes, cannibalism, nutrition, forensic, investigation

Abstract
This paper examines the 2000 post-election income tax cut by President George W. Bush. It illustrates that the top one percent of the American economy are the main benefactors of the tax cut, and the general irresponsibility of this political action in this period of downsizing and terrorism. The author envisions a growing defict, as often seen in other war thirsty Republican presidencies.

From the Paper
"When President George W. Bush precariously entered office in 2000, he did so with a showy economic package that proposed to reduce income tax by 1.6 trillion dollars. While many economists and analysts asserted that such a promise was fiscally irresponsible, the Bush campaign, and shortly thereafter, the Bush administration insisted aggressively that the national surplus, a relic of happier economic times, would provide a cushion for a tax cut. In 2001, Congress rolled over and welcomed a 1.35 trillion dollar tax cut."

Tags:Republicans, taxation

Abstract
This paper begins by explaining the difference between a public debt and a federal debt and then takes a look at President Bush's tax-cut policy, the theory behind why it is supposed to help the economy, its effects, and its implications for American citizens and the American economy.

From the Paper
"A debt that has been accumulated by the Federal Government in either its Treasury or in its Financing Bank is referred to as a "Public Debt". The debt could have been incurred by either the selling of "securities" and bonds to the public, or through the borrowing of funds from a Federal account. A public debt can also be defined as the total amount that the Federal Government has accrued due to all its borrowings in the past. (Definition of Public Debt) Federal Debt, on the other hand, can be defined as the total amount of debt that is owed by the Federal Government that is as yet unpaid. A federal debt can consist of both public debt and agency debt. A federal debt is made up of the funds owed to the Treasury, in the form of Treasury Bills, Treasury Notes, and also Treasury Bonds."

Tags:ceiling, limit, congress, borrowed, treasury, federal, government, accrued, funds

From the Paper
"Introduction
No one enjoys paying taxes of any type, although they are now an unavoidable fact of American life. Income taxes did not exist until the early part of this century; for more than half of this nation's history, the government was financed without taxing the income of individuals. When that changed, the political landscape changed as well. Politicians now had to justify the spending programs which the taxes went to support (originally, the income tax paid off World War I), and the role of government began to change. The Internal Revenue Service is now a labyrinthine bureaucracy with complicated codes and rules which most Americans find confusing. For years, any politician who called for a decrease in income taxes was likely to find immediately support among voters. However, when presidential candidate Bob Dole called .."

Abstract
This eleven-page senior paper explores the leadership qualities of the fortieth US President Ronald Reagan that allowed his drastic tax cuts to succeed. Moreover, the paper explores the immediate and belated economic effects of his tax cuts.

Tags:ronald, reagan, 1981

Abstract
In a "Washington Post" article entitled "House Passes Major Tax Cut for Businesses", author Jonathan Weisman discusses the public policy issue of corporate tax cuts. The public policy described is at a development stage and reflects what is largely a federal issue. The policy is criticized for potentially having a direct conflict with public health policies on smoking. This paper explains that stakeholders are diverse and include American businesses, special interest groups, and residents of several states with no current income tax. Government departments directly involved in the policy are the House of Representatives and the Senate. The paper shows that ,overall, critics argue that the policy results in financial costs and support of special interest agendas, although the policy supports good government by addressing the policy issue of European Union export subsidy sanctions.

From the Paper
"Overall, the policy has drawn criticism that it reflects poor public policy. Notes Weisman, "the main criticism focused on the special-interest provisions secured by business lobbyists." Further, criticism has also focused on potentially increased costs of the bill beyond the $153 billion cut in business taxes over 10 years. Critics argue that extension of other tax breaks and the phasing in of other tax breaks will make the final toll much higher. Potentially, critics argue that the total cost of the House bill could be $260 billion."

Tags:House, Bill, legislation, republican

Abstract
This is segment 1 of 9 similar assignments. The paper discusses how Norway announced that by 2030 it would become carbon neutral, but critics claim that this is simply unrealistic. The paper then relates that Norway's carbon footprint is measured by totalling sales of carbon from emissions, and the numbers are offset by the rules which allow Norway to do work in other countries to limit emissions. The paper therefore shows how this hides the real amount of Norway's pollution.

Tags:carbon, emissions, greenhouse

Abstract
Over seventy breeds of dogs regularly have their ears and tails cropped without medical benefit. There are many claims made by the people who perform this cruel surgery regarding the reasons why it should be done, however, this paper argues that their logic is flawed and easily debunked. It argues that, in reality, cropping ears and tails is not only unnecessary and not beneficial to the animal, but it is also dangerous and painful. Cropping the ears and tails of dogs is a bad practice which may lead to infection or other health problems and interferes with communication with other dogs and people.

From the Paper
"Other dogs experience chronic pain and phantom sensations (like chronic itching) because of the cut nerves. The nerve damage can extend throughout the body and even effect the dog's ability to walk. Infection can lead to illness or death from the amputation. The ears become more prone to infection and infestation after they are cut because they are more exposed, and the immune system of the dog can be permanently damaged from the experience."

Tags:infestation, paralysis, vetinary

Abstract
This paper discusses why tax cuts would help revive the U.S. economy.

From the Paper
"Tax cuts can help revive the lagging U.S. economy. As Shostak points out, per Keynes, a free market economy could lead to self-destruction, so the government and central banks must manage it by exerting influence on the level of spending across the economy. Spending is the key to reviving the economy because when one individual spends money, that money becomes another individual's income. (Shostak) Shostak states; "If during a recession, consumers fail to spend, then it is the role of the government to...""

Tags:tax cut, economic stimulus, U.S. economy