Abstract
This paper examines the child custody guidelines of the American Psychological Association and the Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act as applied to the disputes portrayed in the popular 1979 film "Kramer v. Kramer".

Tags:divorce, child, custody

Abstract
The paper discusses various aspects of custody laws as a result of divorce.

From the Paper
"Child custody laws in the United States vary from state to state because they are subsumed within divorce law which itself is established through state statutes and are reviewed and tested through appellate courts at the state level. (Buehler Gerard) While there is a fair amount of variability in relevant child custody and divorce law from state to state, there are some national trends and general patterns impacting upon divorce custody decision-making that can be identified. Although the U.S. Congress has increased federal..."

Tags:child custody, laws, divorce

Abstract
This extensive paper defines global custody as a centralized service for the administration of all cross-border investments. The author is interested in UBS, the merger of Union Bank of Switzerland, and SBC, whose key strength of lies in the extent of its in-house business. The author believes that the future of custodian business will be shaped by two main provisos, specifically, technological development and personnel professional skills.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Players
Mellon Trust
Credit Suisse
UBS
Northern Trust
Royal Trust
HSBC-GIS
BNP Paribas
Brown Brothers Harriman
ABN-AMRO Mellon
Bank Leu
Credit Suisse First Boston
The Evolution of the Custody Market
The Importance of the Custodian and its Relationships
The European Market
Germany
Regulatory Framework
Marketing of Foreign Collective Investment Schemes in Germany
Market Situation
Advertising
Sales Agents
Tax Regulations
Legal Constraints
The Competitive Environment
Barriers
Advantages
Finland
Merita Bank
Denmark
The Market
Norway
Den Norske Bank
Christiania Bank
The Climate
Market Players
Union Bank of Norway
Sweden
The Market Players
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
Svenska Handelsbanken
Swedbank
The Market
The Prospects
Why to Go Global for Global Custody Services?
Competitive Advantage for the UBS
The Services that UBS Provides
Securities Safekeeping
Entitlements and Redemption
Corporate Actions
Proxy Voting Services
Securities Trading
Reclamation of Withholding Tax
Cash Management
Relationship and Account Management
Investment Accounting
Investment Accounting under IAS
Recommendations (ARR)
Investment Reporting
Securities Lending
Compliance Monitoring
UBS KeyLink
UBS PortfolioLink
UBS AssetLink
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Merita Bank fortunes change from year to year and its most consistent characteristic appears to be its incongruity. Some of Merita's problems can be traced back to market idiosyncrasies, most notably an inflexibility about local practices that defy the efforts of even the most pliable agent bank: Merita's progress is all the more notable as a result. Also making progress is Leonia Bank, but its client base is negligible. SEB Securities Services and Svenska Handelsbanken are the real ringers to watch, thereby making Finland a natural target for those with regional ambitions in Europe's colder bands."

Tags:personnel, custodian, investment, management, portfolio

Abstract
This paper is a discussion of the issue of a father's rights in the case of a custody battle. Tradition dictates that the mother wins full custody after nearly every divorce. The paper covers the legal strategies and approaches a father can take in order to get a better chance at earning custody of their children after divorce.

Abstract
Discusses two opposing views of child welfare on the issue of nonbiological custody. The paper examines parental rights versus the "best interests of the child" doctrine. It also looks at the philosophy of the legal system regarding child custody disputes and placements.

From the Paper
"Child Welfare
Nonbiological Custody
INTRODUCTION
There are difficult decisions made whenever custody decisions award custody to nonbiological parents. While there are many who are opposed to granting custody to nonbiological parents, others argue that so..."

Abstract
"After reading this book, it seems apparent that success in divorce custody cases is almost completely dependent on the lawyer's skill. If the woman is not able to hire an experienced, skillful lawyer, she is likely to have problems obtaining positive results, and may even lose custody of the children, despite being competent to raise them

From the Paper
"After reading this book, it seems apparent that success in divorce custody cases is almost completely dependent on the lawyer's skill. If the woman is not able to hire an experienced, skillful lawyer, she is likely to have problems obtaining positive results, and may even lose custody of the children, despite being competent to raise them. There are several issues that are important: making sure that the woman gets to a good lawyer quickly, having a lawyer that is not overtly connected to her husband, or her husband's lawyer, and finding a lawyer who truly listens and is not condescending are major ones. There are also some important controversies regarding the ..."

Abstract
This paper discusses a hypothetical custodial and child support-related case (Smith vs. Smith), in which the father is suing for child support payments from his ex-partner, despite the fact that neither is the child's biological parent. The paper essentially discusses the issue of child custody when reproductive technology is used and the extent of responsibility by the parties involved.

From the Paper
"Still, child support modification cases have increasingly stressed appropriateness of situation, in lieu of traditional family structures, such as Graham v. Graham (Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, 1991, Areen 822-825). This case stressed how cohabitation and remarriage should not necessarily be a factor in deciding fitness, unless these issues adversely affect the life of the child, as well as the fact that states are taking a more active role in ensuring that individuals continue to take an active financial and personal life in the lives of their child, even subsequent to a divorce. This goes even so far as to suspend driver's licenses for individuals who shirk appropriate court-ordered support payments, as in State Department of Revenue v. Beans (Supreme Court of Alaska, 1998, Areen 853-856)."

Tags:divorce, conception, sperm, donor, Family, Support, Act

Abstract
This paper explains that issues of custody, childcare, social responsibility, as well as the structuring of the family and economic relationships all have to be addressed within one context. The paper then argues that the legal and judicial system, both at the local and international level, regularly fails to acknowledge the context and uses approaches based on misguided assumptions. The paper further asserts that principles such as best interests of the child and primary caregiver often function in the interests of the male partner and to the detriment of both the woman and her child. The paper concludes that although feminists are advocating for legislative change at the provincial, national and international levels, it will take time before positive outcomes will be achieved.

From the Paper
"The principle of the best interests of the child has served to guide the law of custody. In order to implement the principle of the best interests of the child, considerations of custodial arrangements are inadequate; what must be regarded as the priority is the quality of the child's life which will be the result of the custody award (Rogerson, 1988). Gender is significant because of economics and the fact that women as custodial parents have a vastly different financial potential than men. Rogerson charges that current family law is unequipped to address the economic issues after marriage breakdown. Crossman and Ryder (2001), for instance, maintain that the legal system needs to avoid assumptions associated with relationship status and focus on the economic and emotional interdependence between the two partners."

Tags:context, assumptions, feminism, equality, gender

Abstract
This paper examines how the history of assignment of custodial responsibility for children when parents separate or divorce has varied more than most people realize. It discusses how American courts, as well as the Anglo system that preceded it, have held various views over the centuries regarding who should take care of children after divorce, with the view that either parent may be the best choice in any individual situation being a relatively new development. By looking at how court rulings have changed, particularly over the last thirty years, it attempts to demonstrate how it is evident that many men can and will do an excellent job of raising their children when called upon to do so.

Outline
History
Current Issues
Fathers' Rights Movements
Examples of Single Fathers
Factors that Help Fathers Win Custody
Joint Custody
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Laws have changed to reflect changes in society standards. In 1973, the New York Supreme Court ruled against the automatic assumption that of the two biological parents, the mother is automatically the best parent to receive custody of children in a divorce. They wrote, "The simple fact of being a mother does not, by itself, indicate a willingness or capacity to render a quality of care different than that which a father can provide." (Risman, 1985) By 1982 the state of Missouri had acted in a similar way. A Missouri court order from that year states, "If both parents are employed and equally absent from the home, the mother has no more part in training, nurturing and helping in the child's development; and if everything is equal, the mother has no better claim to child custody." (Stachewicz, 1993)."

Tags:divorce, mother, court, separation

From the Paper
"INVESTIGATIVE CUSTODY IN THE UNITED STATES, ENGLAND AND FRANCE


This research paper outlines and then compares and contrasts the differing approaches of the American, English and French legal systems to the investigative custody or pre-trial detention of ordinary criminal suspects (those who are not aliens, spies, terrorists, juveniles or mental incompetents). For historical and constitutional reasons, stricter limits are placed on the ability of the authorities to hold suspects in custody in England and the United States than is true in France. The English system relies primarily on voluntary self-restraint by the police, operating within established judicial case law and, more recently, statutory codification of the rules regarding pre-trial detention. The American system relies primarily on federal and ..."