Abstract
This paper is a detailed look at fathers who do not have custody of their children after a divorce or separation. The author discusses the court system's preference towards awarding mothers custody and why children psychologically need both parents following a divorce. The paper also discusses the harmful psychological effects that non-custodial fathers experience when separated from their children and the group therapy and support systems available.

From the Paper
"Single fathers "can "mother" as well as women". By an empirical research Lamb, 1999; Lazar & Guttman, 1998; Thomas & Forehand, 1993 have ascertained that men can be the custodians of a child and help the child become a respected citizen of the society. Contrasting are the views held by Daniel Amneus "the system of female-headed "families" which has created ghettos and barrios by encouraging women to marry the state and breed fatherless children who are eight times more likely to become delinquent. In spite of these figures, U.S. statistics reveal that 40% of American children do not live in homes where their fathers live, making "fatherlessness" "the most harmful trend of this generation". Proclaiming that the absence of fathers in the home is probably less alarming than our own absence of belief in fathers, Blankenhorn further questions our ability to find ways to "invigorate effective fatherhood as a norm of male behavior."

Tags:divorce, separation, mother, court, children, therapy, parent, health, ex, visitation, outreach, system, income, partner, research, studies

Abstract
This paper explains that sexual abuse of female inmates is an issue in both federal and state prisons; abuses against female inmates occur from both male and female corrections officers and from other prisoners. The author points out that one serious problem associated with sexual abuse is the spread of contraband because, often in return for sexual favors, corrections officers provide their victims with drugs and other items that prisoners are not supposed to possess. The paper relates that the most detrimental impact of sexual abuse upon corrections is the inability to rehabilitate; inmates who are sexually abused are more likely to become repeat offenders and return to prison.

Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Impact
Summary

From the Paper
"The sexual abuse of female inmates also comes from other inmates. Just as in male prisons, female prisoners often prey on other prisoners for sexual favors. In some cases female inmates have even been raped by other female inmates. According to an article published in the "Journal of Sex Research "explains that while this type of sexual abuse is not as common among female inmates when compared to male inmates, it does occur. The research asserts that female inmates are often confronted with the sexual advances of other inmates. The research describes an inmate observer who gave an account of a violent rape perpetrated against her by other female inmates. However, research has found that rape is the least common form of sexual behavior amongst female inmates."

Tags:guards, vulnerability, devastation, rehabilitation, contraband

Abstract
An examination of the literature which deals with divorce and single parenting. The writer shows that most of this literature is written from a female perspective. This paper analyzes the male perspective. It shows how men are misrepresented in the court system and how few single-parent families are headed by the father. The writer discusses what changes need to be made in the judicial and welfare systems.

From the Paper
"Consider the comment below, made by a participant in a support group for non-custodial fathers in Toronto, Canada: There is a wide perception that we aren't important, that we have a small role to play in our children's lives. In the legal system, we're treated like enemies. On television, we're bumbling fools like Homer Simpson. Few people take us seriously (Leving & Kenick, 1999). "

Tags:fatherhood, social, work, parent, male, father, divorce, child

Abstract
This paper examines how the history of assignment of custodial responsibility for children when parents separate or divorce has varied more than most people realize. It discusses how American courts, as well as the Anglo system that preceded it, have held various views over the centuries regarding who should take care of children after divorce, with the view that either parent may be the best choice in any individual situation being a relatively new development. By looking at how court rulings have changed, particularly over the last thirty years, it attempts to demonstrate how it is evident that many men can and will do an excellent job of raising their children when called upon to do so.

Outline
History
Current Issues
Fathers' Rights Movements
Examples of Single Fathers
Factors that Help Fathers Win Custody
Joint Custody
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Laws have changed to reflect changes in society standards. In 1973, the New York Supreme Court ruled against the automatic assumption that of the two biological parents, the mother is automatically the best parent to receive custody of children in a divorce. They wrote, "The simple fact of being a mother does not, by itself, indicate a willingness or capacity to render a quality of care different than that which a father can provide." (Risman, 1985) By 1982 the state of Missouri had acted in a similar way. A Missouri court order from that year states, "If both parents are employed and equally absent from the home, the mother has no more part in training, nurturing and helping in the child's development; and if everything is equal, the mother has no better claim to child custody." (Stachewicz, 1993)."

Tags:divorce, mother, court, separation

Abstract
This paper discusses a hypothetical custodial and child support-related case (Smith vs. Smith), in which the father is suing for child support payments from his ex-partner, despite the fact that neither is the child's biological parent. The paper essentially discusses the issue of child custody when reproductive technology is used and the extent of responsibility by the parties involved.

From the Paper
"Still, child support modification cases have increasingly stressed appropriateness of situation, in lieu of traditional family structures, such as Graham v. Graham (Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, 1991, Areen 822-825). This case stressed how cohabitation and remarriage should not necessarily be a factor in deciding fitness, unless these issues adversely affect the life of the child, as well as the fact that states are taking a more active role in ensuring that individuals continue to take an active financial and personal life in the lives of their child, even subsequent to a divorce. This goes even so far as to suspend driver's licenses for individuals who shirk appropriate court-ordered support payments, as in State Department of Revenue v. Beans (Supreme Court of Alaska, 1998, Areen 853-856)."

Tags:divorce, conception, sperm, donor, Family, Support, Act

From the Paper
"Child custody is the right and duty to care for a child on a day to day basis. It involves making major decisions concerning the life and well being of the child. From the early history of our country until the mid 1800s, fathers were generally favored for custody in the event of divorce because children were basically considered property, all of which belonged to the man (ABA, p. 82, 1994). However, by the mid 1800s, this sentiment changed and the mother received custody of the children so long as she was minimally fit (ABA, p. 82, 1994). This preference continued until the 1970s and 1980s, at which time both parents..."
were theoretically to have equal status in the battle for
custody. Currently, both the mother and the father have an equal
burden of proving to the court that it is in "the best interests
of the child" for the child to be in his or her custody (ABA, p.

Abstract
This paper examines the child custody guidelines of the American Psychological Association and the Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act as applied to the disputes portrayed in the popular 1979 film "Kramer v. Kramer".

Tags:divorce, child, custody

Abstract
The paper discusses various aspects of custody laws as a result of divorce.

From the Paper
"Child custody laws in the United States vary from state to state because they are subsumed within divorce law which itself is established through state statutes and are reviewed and tested through appellate courts at the state level. (Buehler Gerard) While there is a fair amount of variability in relevant child custody and divorce law from state to state, there are some national trends and general patterns impacting upon divorce custody decision-making that can be identified. Although the U.S. Congress has increased federal..."

Tags:child custody, laws, divorce

Abstract
This extensive paper defines global custody as a centralized service for the administration of all cross-border investments. The author is interested in UBS, the merger of Union Bank of Switzerland, and SBC, whose key strength of lies in the extent of its in-house business. The author believes that the future of custodian business will be shaped by two main provisos, specifically, technological development and personnel professional skills.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Players
Mellon Trust
Credit Suisse
UBS
Northern Trust
Royal Trust
HSBC-GIS
BNP Paribas
Brown Brothers Harriman
ABN-AMRO Mellon
Bank Leu
Credit Suisse First Boston
The Evolution of the Custody Market
The Importance of the Custodian and its Relationships
The European Market
Germany
Regulatory Framework
Marketing of Foreign Collective Investment Schemes in Germany
Market Situation
Advertising
Sales Agents
Tax Regulations
Legal Constraints
The Competitive Environment
Barriers
Advantages
Finland
Merita Bank
Denmark
The Market
Norway
Den Norske Bank
Christiania Bank
The Climate
Market Players
Union Bank of Norway
Sweden
The Market Players
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
Svenska Handelsbanken
Swedbank
The Market
The Prospects
Why to Go Global for Global Custody Services?
Competitive Advantage for the UBS
The Services that UBS Provides
Securities Safekeeping
Entitlements and Redemption
Corporate Actions
Proxy Voting Services
Securities Trading
Reclamation of Withholding Tax
Cash Management
Relationship and Account Management
Investment Accounting
Investment Accounting under IAS
Recommendations (ARR)
Investment Reporting
Securities Lending
Compliance Monitoring
UBS KeyLink
UBS PortfolioLink
UBS AssetLink
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Merita Bank fortunes change from year to year and its most consistent characteristic appears to be its incongruity. Some of Merita's problems can be traced back to market idiosyncrasies, most notably an inflexibility about local practices that defy the efforts of even the most pliable agent bank: Merita's progress is all the more notable as a result. Also making progress is Leonia Bank, but its client base is negligible. SEB Securities Services and Svenska Handelsbanken are the real ringers to watch, thereby making Finland a natural target for those with regional ambitions in Europe's colder bands."

Tags:personnel, custodian, investment, management, portfolio

Abstract
This paper is a discussion of the issue of a father's rights in the case of a custody battle. Tradition dictates that the mother wins full custody after nearly every divorce. The paper covers the legal strategies and approaches a father can take in order to get a better chance at earning custody of their children after divorce.