Abstract This paper deals with the market fluctuations which occur as a result of industry and economic factors as well as public opinion. Also addressed are yield curve changes and how they will affect a company and what they indicate about an economy.
From the Paper "As the CEO of a major manufacturing enterprise, located in Canada, it would be extremely important to have an informative outlook regarding market factors in Canada as well as those factors present in the United States. One reason the U.S. is important to many Canadian companies is due to the trade relationships, which are ongoing between companies as a result of the North American Free Trade Agreement (Benefits of NAFTA). This agreement created reductions in tariffs and as a result directly influenced positive relations between not only Canada and the U.S. but also the U.S. and Mexico. However even after the reassurances of NAFTA were put in place there are still many obvious factors, which must be watched in order to determine that a positive financial relationship will continue to grow and that is the financial stability of a country.
Abstract This paper explains that the most important factor that causes a shift in the demand curve is the customers? preference or taste. Other factors that influence shifts in the demand curve are the customers? income or the prices for substitute and complementary goods. The author stresses that a change in price never shifts the demand curve for a particular good. The paper relates that a shift to the left in the aggregate demand curve will lower the equilibrium price, and a shift to the right will increase it; conversely, a shift to the left in the aggregate supply curve will increase the equilibrium price, and a shift to the right will lower it.
From the Paper "If we chose to examine how the theoretical concepts of demand and supply apply in a private club for magicians, where dinner and drinks are served, there are several different aspects to be taken into consideration. First of all, examine the owner's position and how changes and shifts in the supply and demand curves affect his decision making. Let's take a look, in the beginning, at the workforce. Basically, this is formed of freelance magicians, that are employed on a one show basis (although there may be the case that they are hired for a certain number of shows), and the waiters and waitresses, here including bartenders and auxiliary workforce."
Abstract This paper compares four different fitness centers: Curves Fitness Center for Women, L.A. Fitness, Bally's and Lady of American Fitness with respect to the operating environment of each. The paper presents an implementation plan for a Curves Fitness Center for Women in Germany as the company most likely to succeed in the German fitness sector.
From the Paper "The purpose of this portion of the study is to offer a comparison off our different fitness center models ..."
Tags: comparative analysis, fitness centers, business plan
Abstract This paper reviews Murray and Herrnstein's, "The Bell Curve", a book which created a huge controversy when the research findings described how some races are more intelligent than others. The paper outlines the many factors that the authors of this book failed to take into account, and illustrates how this encouraged a biased and controversial outcome.
From the Paper "In the book, "The Bell Curve", Murray and Herrnstein state their findings on intelligence and factors that influence it as well as factors that intelligence influences. The authors base a lot of their research on Spearman's controversial general intelligence (g factor) theory of a "general mental capacity"(Myers). According to Murray and Herrnstein, the g factor can be measured by standard intelligence tests. Their research resulted in findings such as: Blacks? IQ scores are about 15 points lower than whites; low IQ causes social problems such as poverty, crime, illegitimacy, etc.; high IQ is the main contributing factor in success and income level; and social programs are pointless because nothing can be done to raise IQ. They also stress an ever increasing gap between the those with high IQs, called the cognitive elite, and those with low IQs. They claim that this is happening because of the heritability of intelligence, the tendency of those with high intelligence to marry others of high intelligence, and those with low or average intelligence seem to marry others with low or average intelligence."
Abstract This paper discusses the importance and application and insights in Henry Stommel and Gabriel Csanady's article "A Relation Between T-S Curve and Global Heat and Atmospheric Water Transports." The writer explains how Stommel and Csanady shed significant light on the means by which to devise a more organized system of interaction that integrates the two independently observed systems of hydrologic cycles and global heat transport. Through their construction of given physical conditions in defined planes of the earth's atmosphere, they have created a laboratory for oceanographers to observe the behavioral impact of atmospheric conditions on water. The behavior of water is determined by its flow, which is a direct product of the location of saline levels.
From the Paper "This article provides significant physical formulaic insight into the means by which to extrapolate the properties of each system to reveal a cohesive dynamic by which these two systems may interact to predict and determine water flow and water levels in oceans that have enormous atmospheric implications overall. The earth is dependent not only on water, but a relatively predictable and consistent behavior of that water thereof. The more the geophysical oceanographer can organize the atmospheric and hydrologic behavior that sustains basically all organic systems on earth, the more effectively can science seek to preserve that system and better understand the ramification of various current environmental stressors on the effective functioning of those systems thereof, both now and more importantly in the future."
This paper illustrates the foundation of economics, the concept of demand and supply, by examining the milk production and wheat industries in United States.
Abstract This paper explains that both demand and supply represent the two ends of a transaction in the economic market thereby illustrating consumer behavior and supplier or manufacturer behavior respectively and, because of this, there is a strong connection between the two variables. The author points out that a change in price never shifts the demand curve for that particular good because the factors that influence a shift in the demand curve are determined by an increase or decrease in the consumer good, a change in the consumer preference or a change in the prices of substitute goods. The paper relates that a shift in the demand curve to the left will lower the equilibrium price and a shift to the right will increase it; however, a shift in the aggregate supply curve to the left will increase the equilibrium price and a shift to the right will lower it and, if such shifts do occur, then the consumer and supplier will probably rethink their decision making process.
From the Paper "Milk is definitely one of those basic commodities that has an impact and drives the American economy. It is the reason for the existence of a dairy product industry offering quite an array of other related products. The World Bank has identified a set of driving forces that are considered to have an important influence on the development of the livestock sector world-wide over the next two decades. These important factors are growing demand for meat and milk, shifting consumer perspectives, changing functions of livestock, structural changes, and evolving international and national socioeconomic frameworks. Due to these points, milk, as an economic commodity can be used to estimate and to show a constant rise in demand thereby affecting the overall economy in quite a few ways."
Abstract Using the Good Life Management company, this paper summarizes the different effects that changes in price and quantity have on achieving economic market equilibrium. The paper covers movement along both curves, one and two curve shifts and price ceilings.
From the Paper "A product or service is valued differently by various customers. Some are willing to pay more than others to receive it. Movement along a demand curve involves changing the price of a product until the quantity of customers is just as much as Good Life Management wants to sell. In year of the simulation, Good life Management wished to lease more apartments than there were customers willing to pay the price that the company was charging. By reducing the price, Good Life was able to..."
This paper is a complete demographic life history analysis of a geographically local human population, to support the hypothesis that, due to medical advancements, mankind is living longer than compared with the 1930s.
Abstract This paper explains that, since a cohort analysis of human lifespan is impractical, a static analysis of human lifespan was performed using data collected from local graveyards and obituaries of persons who died from 1930 to 1939 and from 1990 to 2006. The author concludes that, when survivorship curves for each period were plotted against each other, the curve from 1990 to 2006 was greater for nearly every age group; therefore, it can be concluded that the demographic data show an increase in lifespan for both males and females from the 1930s to the present. The paper concludes that decreased mortality rates in the United States are due to advances in preventative medicine, more advanced and targeted treatments of disease, lower incidence of disease due to vaccination and better education. Graphs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper "Once over 1366 data points were collected and checked for duplicate data, it was put into Microsoft Excel and the age of each individual was calculated using the formula year of death minus year of birth. The data was then separated into two groups based on the date of death and this was plotted into various graphs to better analyze the results. Two static life tables were constructed, using this data, which contained survivorship (lx), mortality rate (mx), and survival rate (sx) of all the individuals in each group and then another four tables were made by separating male and female data points in each group. Survivorship intervals were spaced from 0 to 0.99 years of age, 1 to 9.99 years, 10 to 19.99 years, and so on until 100 years of age."
Abstract This paper discusses several economic perspectives on the nursing shortage faced by the healthcare industry, specifically in terms of St. Mary's Health Center in St. Louis, MO--a part of the SSM system. The tools discussed include production possibilities frontier, production and cost curves, utility and indifference curve, and competition vs. monopoly.
From the Paper "The healthcare industry is one of the most prominent examples of compelling economic issues that face the majority of organizations in the United States today..."
Tags: economics, nursing shortage, St. Mary's Health Center, SSM Health System, production possibilities frontier, production and cost curves, utility and indifference, competition, monopoly
Abstract This paper discusses the supply and demand characteristics in the market caused by an interruption in the supply of gas in Arizona during the summer driving season. The paper examines the economic concepts of supply, demand, and equilibrium to represent what would occur in the description given for the scenario. The paper explains how the market forces would cause a shift or movement of both the supply and demand curves. The paper explains further that the resulting conditions would therefore create an upward pressure on prices before equilibrium is established. The paper includes diagrams of curves.
From the Paper "In the given situation where a major gas supply line is interrupted there are several environmental and economic factors that need to be considered to fully understand the effect of the product interruption. Environmentally, the Arizona market is a severe hot-weather market that relies on motorized transportation with no practical viable alternative transportation methods that can be temporarily utilized such as biking or walking. Additionally, the supply interruption occurred at the height of the summer season which presented several contributing factors: 1) summer is the traditional high-demand period for gas in any market and 2) the season and the traditional high demand combined to create a sense of special urgency regarding this sudden market interruption. These circumstances, when combined with the natural effects such market interruptions have on supply and demand curves, created a perfect storm of conditions that caused the natural market equilibrium to lose all balance and begin to function in an artificial manner."
Abstract The following paper examines what scoliosis, a condition causing the spine to curve with a "rotational deformity", means psychologically and physically. The writer looks at what parts of the population are more prone to this condition, whether it is hereditary, painful and finally whether it has a cure.
From the Paper "Probably not one of us can honestly say that our mothers didn't tell us that at least once in our growing-up years"and more likely, she said it more than once a day! Fortunately, for most of us, standing up straight is relatively easy. It's a matter of remembering to pull our shoulders a bit back, tuck our tummies in a little, raise our chins and keep our shoulders level. But for some of us, "standing up straight" isn't quite that easy. We can do all the shoulder-pulling and chin-raising we like, seemingly to no avail. One hip may be higher than the other; one side of our rib cage may be lower. Or we may have difficulty straightening out at all, feeling like we're fighting our own bodies just to do so. The reality is, some of us are fighting our own bodies?for our bodies have an unusual amount of "curve" where they normally should be "straight." Eventually, we may end up at a doctor's office to find out why, and there, we learn a new vocabulary word: scoliosis.?
Reviews Alan Wolfe's critique of the book "The Bell Curve", in which Wolfe focused on the existence of a "new class" of the cognitive elite. Argues that Wolfe engages in a straw man argument.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, 1994, $ 39.95
From the Paper "The Bell Curve, by Charles Murray and Richard Hernstein, has proven to be one of the most controversial books of the decade. A detailed examination of intelligence scores, including analyses across class, gender, and (most controversially) race, The Bell Curve has been a magnet for criticism ever since its publication. The most valid criticisms of the work took the authors to task for committing methodological errors, primarily that of crossing levels of analysis (intelligence tests are individual level measures, yet the authors often treated them as group level measures by aggregating scores and making group distinctions). However, few such critical articles were as reasoned as these, most criticisms on a political or social perspective, scorning the authors for an implied racism in their conclusions. Yet another, smaller, class of criticism examines the theoretical under.."
From the Paper "Statisticians work with large masses of data. Before any conclusions can be drawn from such data, it must be condensed and arranged in a usable form. One of the most common ways to summarize and describe a mass of data is to arrange a frequency distribution table. These tables can then be graphed with the frequency scale on the y-axis and the interval being graphed on the x-axis. Above each interval a horizontal line is drawn which corresponds to the frequency of the interval, resulting in a stair-step histogram pattern. Connecting the midpoints of these class intervals produces a frequency polygon and an interval curve. Distribution curves which can be "folded" vertically so that the two halves of the curve are essentially the same are said to be bilaterally symmetrical. Perfectly symmetrical curves which have a bell shape are said to be normal curves, or Gaussian curve ... "
Abstract Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing of the back, usually in the upper back. It is also known as roundback and Scheuermann disease. This paper examines the causes, symptoms and treatment for Kyphosis.
From the Paper "Furthermore, a physician will likely choose to use a brace to treat kyphosis if the curve measures between 60 to 80 degrees on an x-ray, and skeletal growth remains. The physician also determines the type of brace and the amount of time spent in the brace, although gradual weaning from the brace will begin after maximum correction of the curve by the back brace has occurred. Finally, surgery is generally the last resort and is recommended when the curve measures 80 degrees or more on x-ray and bracing is not successful in slowing down the progression of the curve."
