Abstract The paper discusses the street gang problem in the US and what can be done to help curtail gang activity. The paper specifically looks at how Hollywood has helped to glamorize street gangs as well as how the rap music industry glamorizes gangs. The paper then shows how more research is needed to better understand street gangs, since law enforcement on its own is failing to impact the problem.
Outline:
Glamorizing the American Gang Image
Deglamorizing American Street Gangs
From the Paper "The American street gang problem is one of a layered problem. The image of the American gangster has been glamorized by Americans, and shown to be one way, perhaps the easier way, of accomplishing the American dream. Unfortunately, as anyone living in a major American city like Chicago, Boston, or LA can tell us, there is nothing glamorous about bullets ripping through the paper thin walls of a housing development or finding your own child lying dead in the street before he or she has even reached puberty as a result of gangland violence. American street gangs have evolved, spreading now beyond the cities, to the suburbs and are now doing battle for the rural areas in order to expand the operations that feed the gangland lifestyle: drug marketing and manufacturing, prostitution, coercion, money laundering, and any other illicit vice that might be sold to Americans for a one hundred percent profit. "
Abstract This examination of the contemporary Islamic world reveals that there is a continuous struggle between the realm of education and the religious structure of society. In many respects, intellectual activity has always been curtailed by certain aspects of Islamic law. This phenomenon especially affects women, who have been marginalized by Islam's perspective of women's place in society. The examples of Islamic education in Afghanistan, Sudan, and Iran epitomize illuminating aspects of this reality. In many respects, the Islamic state sets up a certain social discourse which normalizes the peripheralization of women from the field of education. In other words, the parameters within which women are able to pursue higher education remains extremely narrow and curtailed.
Abstract This paper describes the various hate crimes that take place throughout the U.S. on a regular basis, focusing particularly on the state of New Jersey. The paper also describes some of the legislation that has been enacted in an effort to fight hate crimes and discusses the need for even harsher laws for curtailing such crimes. The paper further explains that the present hate laws are ineffective as a deterrent and, therefore, are not helpful towards solving the problem of hate crimes. Finally, the paper outlines a plan for curtailing hate crimes that would include proper training for members of law enforcement in how to recognize and respond to hate crimes, the creation of a multi-agency task force on hate crimes, and sufficient state and federal funds for fighting hate crimes.
From the Paper "Cross burning is one of the hate crimes that occur in the state of New Jersey on the regular basis. Cross burning can, in fact be traced back in history right up to the time of the infamous 'Ku Klux Clan', which was a group of people who were dedicated totally to the perpetration of hate and bias related crimes on minorities, mostly African-Americans living peacefully in that state. According to an eyewitness of the cross burning carried out outside an African-American's house in new Jersey, "Few things can chill free expression and association to the bone like night-riders outside the door, and a fiery cross in the yard". (O Say! Can you see: Free expression by the light of fiery Crosses) An African-American couple, Russ and Laura Jones, started to experience trouble with so called 'skinheads', as soon as they had shifted their place of residence to St.Paul, in Minnesota. They were, in fact, the only Blacks living in that all-white neighborhood, and this was indeed a neighborhood that was known for its racist culture and its hatred of blacks."
Abstract This paper deals with the issue of anger management in the public school system, - a pervasive problem for which a solution is needed quickly. This research outlines a study that attempts to marry two of the leading anger management programs in the USA, creating a new program that will effectively curtail violence in the school systems. The results of this study are expected to provide an excellent resource for schools and parents to help their children curtail bursts of temper that result in violent episodes
Outline:
Action Research Project Verification Form
Chapter I: Introduction Problem Statement
Description of the Community
Description of the Work Setting
Writer Role
Chapter II: Study of the Problem
Problem Description
Problem Documentation
Literature Review
Causative Analysis
Chapter III: Outcomes and Evaluations
Goals and Expectations
Expected Outcomes
Measurement of Outcomes
Analysis of Results
Chapter IV: Solution Strategy
Statement of Problem
Selected Solutions/Calendar Plan References
From the Paper "The community chosen for this research is located south of San Francisco, Santa Cruz, California. The town has a markedly rural population. In 1956, the current district was created through the combining of five separate districts into one. Some of these districts had beginnings long before the Gold Rush of 1849. The current population is 173,339 people spread over 199.5 square kilometers. There are 62,400 families depending or will be depending on New City's only school district in the future, a district of 31,530 students (New City California Resource Guide, 2003). To accommodate these children, there are 27 elementary schools, five junior high schools, and six high schools. The average home costs about $600,000. The major language groups are: English (42%), Spanish (50%), and Mandarin (8%), (FUSD, Office of Federal and State Projects, 2007). The neighborhood is working-class and a recent census indicated that close to one-third of the population fell below the poverty line. There has been a long history of domestic violence and the divorce rate is quite high in this community. These factors might contribute to the high occurrence of violence in the local school system."
Abstract This is a fifteen-page paper on women's oppression in the Middle East and how it relates to contemporary issues in the United States. With the coming to power of Islamic fundamentalists in 1992, women's rights to full participation in social, economic, cultural and political life of the country was drastically curtailed and later on summarily denied them by the Taliban.
From the Paper "Islamic fundamentalism looks upon women as sub-humans, fit only for household slavery and as a means of procreation. Such an outrageous view has incredibly been elevated to the status of official policy with the coming to power of the ignorant Taliban who are still in control of 90% of Afghanistan including the capital Kabul. With the coming to power of Islamic fundamentalists in 1992, women's right to full participation in social, economic, cultural and political life of the country was drastically curtailed and later on summarily denied them by the Taliban. "
Abstract This paper explores both sides of the internet censorship debate and settles upon the advocacy of unbridled free speech. The following topics are discussed in detail-- the presence of child pornography on the internet; the unique global audience that the internet attracts; the subsequent inconsistent standards for "indecent material"; the efforts of conservatives and liberals to enact internet-related legislation; and the possible consequences of curtailing the internet's voice. The paper ends with the notion that silencing "indecent material" on the internet would silence a world-wide web of voices that is still growing as we speak.
From the Paper "Harmful objects are kept from children by locks on doors and tabs on cupboards. Now, right-wing Conservatives wish to apply this same child-proofing strategy to the Internet. The Communications Decency Act ? backed by such groups as the Family Research Council and the Christian Coalition ? would have made it illegal to transmit "indecent" material to children online, had it not been struck down by the Supreme Court. The similarly themed Child Online Protection Act sought to demand "ID verification" from those that visit "adult" sites. The problem with such legislation is that the Internet ? unlike television, radio, or print ? is trafficked by a global audience unaffected by the strength of broadcast signals or the location of paper routes. For this very reason, provincial definitions of "pornography" or "indecent material" cannot be applied to the Internet without abridging First Amendment protection. To ban pornography from the Internet would be to curtail a medium that is fully deserving of the right to free speech."
Abstract The paper looks at the subject of affirmative action and shows that while many states are curtailing and even eliminating affirmative action programs at the beginning of this new millennium, the fundamental problems that affirmative action was meant to address - the unequal treatment of people not because of their talents or characters but because of the sex or race - remain. The paper looks at the possible uses of affirmative action programs in a hospital setting. Beginning with an historical overview of the way in which affirmative action programs developed in general for their possible usefulness in a hospital setting cannot be understood independently but must be considered within an historical context. This paper then incorporates interviews from individuals in a number of different hospital-related jobs to help understand the ways in which affirmative action might hurt or help hospital administration.
From the Paper "'When affirmative action emerged in the 1960s, it was part of a larger quest to achieve real equal opportunity and integration throughout American society. But the original purpose of affirmative action changed during the 1970s, from "racial preferences as a temporary bridge to color-blindness" to "racial preferences as a permanent way of life" (Kahlenberg, 1997, p. 11)."
Examines theories, need for, alternative approaches to curtailing discretionary & divided govt., gridlock, bureaucracy, cultural war, public indifference.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, 1997, $ 55.95
From the Paper " Analysts have observed an increase among the electorate in both apathy and disaffection toward all levels of government. People have always complained about the bureaucracy they have to face when they have business with the government. They have always criticized programs which did not work and spending they feel is misdirected. They have also always been aware of governmental corruption and at times have been more or less willing to accept it as a given if not to tolerate it. In recent years, though, ethical questions have become more important as the public has become fed up with lapses in their bureaucratic structure. The perception is that government is beset by gridlock, incompetence, and corruption, and people have little patience with the corruption in particular. What is sought is a model of "bureaucratic responsibility" to deal with this issue.."
Examines history of agency, need for & types of reform. Looks at its role in curtailing domestic spying, leadership, assassinations, covert operations and the Iran-Contra affair. Examines aspects of govt. oversight and counterintelligence.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 14 sources, 1999, $ 95.95
From the Paper " REFORMS IN THE CIA
This research paper addresses the question: Should there be reform in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)? Since the time of the Watergate scandals, the CIA, the nation's premiere foreign intelligence agency, has been the subject of intense Congressional and public scrutiny and criticism concerning whether it has abused its powers and otherwise failed in its duties. Reforms are needed at the CIA, not to protect the nation against its abuses but rather to strengthen the agency's ability to protect itself against penetration by hostile foreign intelligence agencies, to strengthen its intelligence-gathering and analytical capabilities and to prepare the CIA to meet the new challenges of the post-Cold War era.
Overview of historical and global factors of U.S. foreign aid and aid to Israel in the context of realism in international relations. Discusses rationale, politics and conflicting U.S. domestic and foreign interests.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 38 sources, 1999, $ 95.95
Abstract As the Republican-controlled Congress continues to attempt to sharply reduce the levels of foreign economic, humanitarian, and military aid, the politicians and the American public are increasingly being forced to confront the issue of what the foreign aid policy of the United States should be. Quite mistakenly, many people view the drive to curtail foreign aid and change the criteria of eligibility for such aid as a radical departure from traditional American policies
From the Paper "US ECONOMIC AID TO ISRAEL: WHO BENEFITS? WHY?
Introduction
As the Republican-controlled Congress continues to attempt to sharply reduce the levels of foreign economic, humanitarian, and military aid, the politicians and the American public are increasingly being forced to confront the issue of what the foreign aid policy of the United States should be. Quite mistakenly, many people view the drive to curtail foreign aid and change the criteria of eligibility for such aid as a radical departure from traditional American policies. In actual fact, American foreign aid almost always has been a tool of American self-interest, or at least perceived self-interest. The major exception to this approach to American aid was decade from the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s when, through implementation of the ..."
An analysis of community-based actions in poor, problem-infested neighborhoods in the U.S., in particular the problems of drug trafficking in the neighborhood of Allerton Avenue in the Bronx, New York.
Abstract This paper focuses on the problems of drug trafficking in the poverty-stricken neighborhood of Allerton Avenue in the Bronx, New York and how drug trafficking is a very common issue in most poverty-ridden neighborhoods in the United States. It evaluates the lack of education and incentives of the youths in these areas who seek refuge in the delusional world of drugs and how drug-curtailing efforts by the police and other law-enforcement agencies are not successful. It discusses how the solution seems to be community involvement through citizen-driven programs which give citizens a chance to participate directly in those government actions, which aim at providing relief to poverty-stricken people of a particular neighborhood.
From the Paper "Recruiting the right community members for the task force may often become a major problem, as people do not want to become part of an active campaign. Therefore the more discreet and low profile a campaign is, the better are the chances of its success. People join action committees when they are certain others would not be able to find out. This is because oft-times news of such an action committee may leak out which alerts the drug-dealers and they stay on the lookout for those who support such committeesillegal activities in poverty-stricken areas. We have seen that usually in more affluent areas, there are social networks that regularly arrange social events for the community. This is done both for recreational as well as educational purposes. People in the community gather at one place and get a chance to discuss various problems. It is here that they can come up with effective solutions to eliminate neighborhood problems."
Abstract This paper analyzes the differences between the American economy of 1970 and today, when it compares the two "secular" rather than a "cyclical" bear markets. It illustrates the structural changes in the economy, and the possibility that problems with the nature of government or industry will curtail investment until the problems are resolved.
From the Paper "A recent advertisement for a mutual fund featured a picture of a tricycle. The caption read, "In 1973, our mutual fund managers were riding out a bear market. What was your mutual fund riding"? The point was well made ? many features of the 1973-1975 bear market resemble the woes of the current stock market. Analysts, keen on every new opportunity to convince investors that the worst is over, do so in their own interest. A good understanding of the last long-term recession is instrumental in gaining insight into where we will find the end of the current one. As such, it is important to remember this era in American history when evaluating potential courses of action either as an investor or as a business leader. However, the many differences between the economy of the 1970's and today's economy should temper our perspective."
Abstract This paper examines how strong arguments can be made for and against animal testing and how both sides are quite persuasive on a number of points. Through a literature review, it looks at how those against animal research make strong points about the excessive, pointlessly inhumane, and sometimes unnecessary use of animals, their terrible suffering and the need to look for alternative methods. It examines how they are less convincing in their claim that animals do not serve as adequate vehicles for useful testing or that the past record of achievements employing animal testing is unimpressive. It shows how those who favor the use of animals in research point to a record of achievement that has benefited humanity and are convincing in arguing that animals continue to be useful. But they cannot successfully defend the treatment of animals in terms of quality of life or the infliction of sometimes unnecessary suffering. It evaluates how the best solution is to develop guidelines that do not forbid the use of animals but insist on humane treatment, curtailing waste, sound justifications, eliminating unnecessary suffering, and commitment to developing alternatives to animal research.
From the Paper "The principal argument of the animal testing advocates is, therefore, that the use of animals in experiments has and does produce strong results that save hundreds of thousands of human lives. But the principal argument of the opposing side cannot be the one put forward by Barnard and Kaufman for, as the other writers show, there is a clear record of accomplishment and the attempt to mount a scientific argument, without "broach[ing] the ethical objections," is easily refuted (Barnard & Kaufman 82)."
An insight into the different aspects of cyber crime including a definition, a short history, a few famous and important cases and ideas to curtail it.
Abstract This paper discusses cyber crime, criminal activity which targets computers and information, or which uses computers as the means of committing an offense. It examines how it is a very serious and complicated matter that cannot be taken lightly and how without a true understanding, public and private corporations can easily be mislead in the perspective of its gravity. It shows how this thinking opens up weaknesses in public and private computer systems that the cyber criminal could easily take advantage of and exploit for their own gain. It defines cyber crime, breaking it down into a number of sections giving examples of certain crimes that are often committed under each section. Then it provides a brief history describing the development of new laws for the new crimes, specific cases in history concerning cyber crime and also a description of where cyber crime is today and its impact on the individual and companies who are its victims.
From the Paper "Just like the world of street crime the world of cyber crime needs policing tactics and policing units. Yet the goal of the agencies are not really to prevent, but more to investigate crimes that have already happened; the reason for this is because in cyber space there is no physical area where police can patrol to stop crime. So if policing agencies cannot prevent attacks, not including the use of undercover online operations, then who can? This question can be answered in a few ways. Private companies usually hire experts in the field of computers who can find the companies? weaknesses and where they could be attacked and tighten up their network with certain defenses like firewalls, virus scanners, and other various programs. The individual, on the other hand, has to spend money on programs which will detect intrusions and viruses that have infiltrated their personal system. Private industries that create these programs which protect systems would be similar to companies who produce self-defense equipment and classes, because that is what these programs do; they target-harden and help a victim fight back against their attacker."
