This paper addresses issues in collective bargaining theory, particularly the impact of aspects of American culture (individualism, self-determination) on the efficacy of collective bargaining, particularly the positional model.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, 2002, $ 26.95
Abstract This paper addresses issues in collective bargaining theory, particularly the impact of aspects of American culture (individualism, self-determination) on the efficacy of collective bargaining, particularly the positional model. It also proposes alternative models, such as consensus and mediation.
Tags: AMERICAN STUDIES AND HISTORY / CULTURE AND SOCIETY, culturecooperativetactics
Abstract This paper examines how a particularly special challenge is involved for the educator in the multi-cultural classroom with the various aspects of racial, cultural, and ethnic diversity that is involved. It examines how the teacher who effectively accomplishes the teaching and integration of all students in this classroom environment has the potential of attaining a particularly rewarding experience in education.
Outline
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Bench-Marks in New York City Schools
Definition of Multi-Cultural Education
History of Multi-Cultural Education
Program Categories
Sub-Cultures Existence with Cultures Reducing Racism, Prejudice and Other Fear and Ignorance Factors
Issues in Learning
Cooperative Learning
Conclusion
From the Paper "New York City is a place full of diversity and is in fact the home to Ellis Island, Lady Liberty whose arms have taken in all ethnic and cultural representations of the rainbow into her harbor throughout the last 228 years and yet it has not changed. The responsibilities and considerations in educating the Americans of today in New York City grows were more ethnically and culturally diverse as the world becomes smaller and smaller."
Abstract The paper outlines the ideas of Geert Hofstede, Deal and Kennedy and Edgar Schein on corporate culture and focuses on how management can enhance and change corporate culture. The paper discusses how positive cultures encourage cooperation, innovation, corporate solidarity and communication and emphasizes how a strong corporate culture is the key to an organization's success.
From the Paper "Companies, like countries, possess their own cultures, their own individual sets of norms, procedures, goals, and techniques. Much as a particular people praises certain behaviors, a given company will reward actions that in another organization might be looked on as unnecessary or undesirable. Structures and institution, even chains of command, respond to the specific circumstances of a business enterprise. Corporate culture also reflects the outer culture of the society with which that organization interacts. The market shapes this culture, determining many of the factors that gain weight within a business paradigm. Industries that depend on innovation will likely engender corporate cultures that prize risk-taking and change. Companies operating in a more stable environment will typically favor a more conservative approach."
Examines and compares the novels "Hope Leslie" by Catharine Maria Sedgwick and James Fenimore Cooper's "The Last of the Mohicans" and the way they address the question of Native Americans.
Abstract This paper examines two classic 19th century American novels in order to identify the dramatically different manner in which each author views the cultural conflict between whites and Native Americans. This paper examines the role of race, interracial marriage, and the point-of-view of white vs. Indian characters through the characters in the novels.
From the Paper "Almost since the moment white settlers landed on the continent of North America, Americans have grappled with the question of how to coexist with the country’s native inhabitants. The debate on this subject reached a fever pitch in the 1820s as the nation struggled to formulate some type of comprehensive Indian policy. Should the Indians simply be herded westward, or should Americans strive for some type of coexistence? In 1827 Catharine Maria Sedgwick penned her novel "Hope Leslie" to counteract what she saw as the rising support for an aggressive Indian policy caused in part by the stereotypes of Indians presented in such popular novels as James Fenimore Cooper’s "The Last of the Mohicans." By examining these two novels, one can see how the authors present opposing views of the conflict between whites and Native Americans."
Tags: american, conflict, cultural, race, marriage, indian
Abstract This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of cooperative learning, an educational method that aims to let the student experience learning not only with the teacher, but with other students as well. The paper describes the goals of cooperative learning, including the very positive aspects of this approach. Additionally, the negative aspects of cooperative learning, which can become impediments to student learning and the teacher's role, are also presented. The author concludes that these conflicting findings in the literature suggest that as a new technique in teaching, cooperative learning still has a long way to go in making a significant improvement to a student's educational development.
From the Paper "Defined as an "instructional method in which students work in small groups to accomplish a common learning goal under the guidance of the teacher," cooperative learning has been applied to educational institutions for its advantages, such as increased interaction among students, collaborative learning, and development of students' interpersonal and group skills as they accomplish a particular task or activity (Lin, 2006:34-5). In the texts that follow, the researcher provides an in-depth discussion and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages that cooperative learning has with regards to student learning and as a teaching method."
Abstract This paper shows that social and cultural context play a significant role in the shape and content that HRM practices, both in theory and on application to organizational activity, assume in a given culture. The paper discusses how the attributes of social, economic and political culture affect, for good or ill, organizational behavior in general and the employment experience of individuals so affected in particular. It shows that no national culture has an unmediated positive or negative effect on HRM practices and that the lessons of the interplay of national culture and HRM in a given culture might profitably be discerned by organizations that seek to do profitable business in a variety of cultural venues.
From the Paper "Frederick Taylor's methods of "scientific management," which dominated management theory in the early part of the 20th century, were applied with some uninterrogated success in the UK and US in the attempt to overcome the adversary relationship of managers and workers: "Management and labor need no longer quarrel over how hard a man must work or how much he should earn; science, the impartial arbiter, would decide" (Kanigel, 1996, p. 45). "Taylorism" ineluctably gave weight to top-down, hierarchical management practices that were in place as heavy industry became increasingly mechanized, increasingly less dependent on expertise or craftsmanship of individual workers. With worker-facilitated mechanized assembly lines, Taylorism provided management with an objective rationale for work rules aimed at enterprise efficiency: "Taylor's experts and engineers did the thinking, while you were consigned to mindless doing" (Kanigel, 1996, p. 51)."
Abstract In an increasingly globalized marketplace, it has become more important than ever to recognize the fundamental differences required to effectively manage people from different cultures. Because organizations are comprised of people, the accomplishment of any organizational goal will require the cooperation and commitment of people who may be from drastically different walks of life who hold divergent worldviews. This study seeks to better understand these issues through a critical review of the relevant literature and a cultural survey of Asian expatriate employees assigned to major Norwegian industry. The results of the review and survey clearly indicates the need for management styles that recognized these cultural differences. The research also suggests that many managers of multicultural organizations today may be overlooking an opportunity for improvement by ignoring these cultural realities, and in some cases these omissions may spell the difference between success and failure of the organization. A summary of the research, relevant conclusions and timely recommendations concerning cross-cultural management issues are provided in the concluding chapter.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
The Company and Setting
The Resource Based View
Cross-Cultural Management
Motivation Management
Commitment and Psychological Contract-Norwegians and Asians
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data
Chapter 5: Analysis of Data/Results
Chapter 6: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "The topic to be explored in this study concerned motivation management in a cross-cultural setting. To accomplish this investigation, a critical review of the peer-reviewed, scholarly and organizational literature will be followed by an analysis of how well a Norwegian organization manages expatriate employees from Asian countries in its domestic headquarters. It is reasonable to assume that people with the same cultural background will be able to better understand and appreciate the subtleties involved in human communication and those from diverse and different backgrounds will experience some problems. Furthermore, people with different worldviews may have trouble comprehending cultural concepts of others."
Abstract The paper presents a product positioning of the Mini Cooper. This paper includes a positioning strategy and creative brief on the Mini Cooper brand of automobile. It provides a description of the Mini Cooper and how to best classify it for marketing and advertising purposes.
From the Paper "Product positioning refers to the way in which a company sets its product apart and how its products are perceived by the target market ..."
Tags: Strategy, Creative Brief, Mini Cooper, American sales, market niche
Abstract This research paper begins with an introduction to cooperative learning strategy. The author then chose three articles that show how research over the years examine the way cooperative learning in bilingual classrooms benefits limited English proficient students and what activities teachers can integrate in classrooms in order to meet the needs of diverse language learners. The summary of the articles is followed by a discussion, specific examples of the implications for classroom practice, and ways that one can apply theory to practice.
From the Paper "It is a challenge today for educators to meet the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students. Yet, cooperative learning instructional strategy is found to be one of the most effective ways to promote successful academic achievement, language acquisition, and social development for English language learners. When classroom activities are meaningful, interesting, and relevant, learning is occurring at every level. In successfully organized groups, language minority students will gain proficiency in English, and their native language."
Abstract This paper examines the tactical environment and resulting tactics of the Western Indian Wars of the late 19th century. The paper includes a discussion of methodology as well as primary sources of eyewitness testimony.
From the Paper "The Indian Wars loom large in American culture They were the grist of hundreds of Western movies and most Americans still immediately recognize names like Little Big Horn and Wounded Knee. The word cavalry is as likely to evoke an image of Indian warfare on the Great Plains as of either the Civil War or modern mechanized cavalry. Moreover, the Indian Wars had an influence on American military thought that persists today..."
Abstract A look at the June 2001 declaration by Spain and the U.S. celebrating their ?traditional relations, which plans to strengthen the economic and financial cooperation between Spain and the United States. This paper examines the cultural differences between these two countries which need to be overcome in order to build solid business and economic ties.
From the Paper "Since then, more businesses based in the United States have opened offices in various locations in Spain. Manufacturing giant SC Johnson & Son Inc. and New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company Schering-Plough both have offices in Madrid. SDRC, a software-company based in Ohio, has offices in Madrid (Spain-US Chamber of Commerce). More and more, the United States is recognizing Spain's growing financial and economic role in Europe and Latin America."
Abstract This paper addresses the Mini Cooper's macro-environment, market, competition, product and distribution. The author points out the target buyer or end user. The paper includes a SWOT analysis.
From the Paper "The U. S. automotive market is the largest in the world. Annual sales range from twelve to eighteen million vehicles a year. There are approximately twenty different automotive brands competing for market share in the United States. The three largest manufacturers are General Motors, Ford Motor Company and Chrysler Corporation. General Motors has a market share of about ...percent, Ford has ...percent and Chrysler has ...percent meaning that the remaining manufacturers are competing for the final ... percent of the market . Of the Japanese ..."
Tags: Situational analysis of Mini Cooper, car sales, car manufacturing, lean manufacturing, losing money, market share, brand awareness, SWOT analysis
Abstract The writer of this paper details the manner in which various values and cultural traditions can impact an individual's or group's beliefs, attitudes and actions with respect to their day-to-day existence. The writer contends and explains how cultural differences affect communication, interaction and actions amongst different people. In an environment where little cultural diversity exists, it is likely that cultural differences will have little or no impact on human relations. This paper also discusses the issue of cultural differences in the workplace. Cultural diversity can lead to conflict as well as collaboration within the workplace, depending on whether or not people are willing to embrace people that are culturally different. This paper examines the impact of cultural diversity in the classroom, where teachers are being asked to become more culturally literate so that they can better address the needs of all their students, rather than the few who fall into one or two categories. This paper also explores the issue of students with varying cultural backgrounds that have different perceptions of learning and communicating and the manner in which their needs are met.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis of Cultural Traditions and Human Relations
Conclusions
References
From the Paper "Cultural differences even impact students in the classroom. More and more teachers are being asked to become more culturally literate so that they can better address the needs of all their students, rather than the few who fall into one or two categories. Students with varying cultural backgrounds have different perceptions of learning and communicating, thus may have a difficult time achieving in a classroom that does not recognize their cultural differences and methods of learning. For students to be successful in a culturally diverse environment, teachers must work to improve communications and the methods they use to teach, to ensure that they are addressing the needs of a diverse population. To understand how cultural differences impact human relations one must also understand what culture is."
A review of the articles "Theories of Culture" by Roger M. Keesing and "Marking Boundaries - Culture as Category Work" - Qualitative Inquiry by Anne Ryen and David Silverman.
Abstract This paper discusses articles by Roger M. Keesing and Anne Ryen and David Silverman on what culture is, and how we study it, and see what is different in one culture, as opposed to a different culture, or in a small aspect of culture. The paper explains that Keesing seems to be more inclined to see culture in dynamic ways, as always changing or developing, or that has to do with thinking processes, where Ryen and Silverman discuss culture in more material terms that can affect how people of different cultures understand each other. The paper also discusses how Keesing looks at cultures as structural systems so that the scholar will look at how a culture or a structure began and how it continues to influence human life. The writer believes that Ryen and Silverman seem more tied up in how an outsider looks at a culture, the dynamics of importance of what go on between human beings, as individuals, as opposed to the cultural system that Keesing tried to understand. The writer concludes that both articles manage to get across the care that must be taken when researching cultures that are not one's own, but the writer feels that Keesing's work is still not out-dated.
Outline:
Introduction
Theories of Culture The Human Factor
Last Remarks
From the Paper "A culture may adapt because new technology or kinds of organization have come along, or it may change so that a people survive, as in cultures that begin to conserve something so that they can survive in their environment. A desert people, for instance, may show a culture that is protective of water, does not waste water, or whose art shows themes of happiness as the coming of the rain, or safely getting to a place where water is available. Keesing then begins to look at ideational theories of culture that have to do with cognitive systems and how people decide what is special, appealing or what must be done, as all can influence culture. (1974:77f)."
Abstract The writer of this paper critically analyzes the ways in which De Munch and Korotayev start out by explaining that it is difficult to research across cultures because of "cross-cultural pollenization" that is, one culture tends to absorb some traits of the other. They point out that without adequate controls, the research can give both false confirmations of the hypothesis as well as false negatives. This paper is a negative critique of Cultural Units in Cross-Cultural Research.
From the Paper "The first group might look culturally diverse at first: 4 Spanish; 4 Iraqi; 1 Russian; 1 Estonian; 1 Javanese; 1 Ganda; one Greek; one Maronite-Lebanese. However, this group had significant cultural similarities, which the authors of course knew because they contrived the group. Some of the clerics were Catholic and therefore celibate. Others were Moslem and allowed more than one wife. It is hard to imagine how this example sheds any light on either cross-cultural studies or statistical and research methods."
