Abstract
The paper highlights how memory is a major element in the three Theban plays by Sophocles. The paper looks at "Odeipus the King", "Oedipus at Colonus", and "Antigone" and illustrates the aspects of individual and cultural memory.

From the Paper
"In Odeipus the King, cultural memory is central and often represented by the Chorus, which recognizes the nature of the prophecy that Oedipus has essentially ignored. The prophecy itself is a cultural memory, a warning meant to be heeded, and when broken, a sign to others not to make the same error. Oedipus's parents, Laius and Jocasta, are told that their offspring will kill the father and marry the mother. In order to avoid this fate, the parents place the child on a hill and leave him. The boy is instead raised in another household, but he is told about the prophecy by the Oracle at Delphi."

Tags:Odeipus, Antigone, Creon, Theseus, Polyneices, individual, cultural

Abstract
This paper discusses the role of memory in "The Theban Plays" by Sophocles, noting that this involves not just individual memory but cultural memory. The paper examines how each of the "The Theban Plays" treats the issue of memory somewhat differently.

From the Paper
"Memory and the persistence of memory are major elements in the three Theban plays by Sophocles, considering not just individual memory but cultural memory. The Theban plays do not constitute a trilogy, though they are often treated as if they did. The parts were originally connected to other plays in different cycles, but they can be seen as telling the story of Oedipus and his family from the time of his discovery of his background to the death of his daughter, Antigone. Each of the plays treat the issue of memory somewhat differently. In Odeipus the King, cultural memory is central and often represented by the Chorus, which recognizes the nature of the prophecy that Oedipus has..."

Tags:sophocles, theban, plays

Abstract
The paper explains that because of the way that semantic memory provides access to shared and common concepts and ideas in a society or culture, it is an essential component of language production and necessary for the normal functioning of the individual in society.
The paper notes the distinction between semantic memory and episodic memory and also discusses what language is and its main purpose. The paper clearly shows that in the various stages of language production and creation from childhood to adulthood, semantic memory plays an essential role in the development of language skills.

Outline:
Introduction and Overview of Semantic Memory
The Nature and Functions of Language

From the Paper
"In order to discuss the relationship between language production and semantic memory one first has to have some understanding of the meaning of language or what language is. The discussion of this subject takes place in terms of linguistic theory. Linguistics refers to the scientific study of language which "... endeavors to answer the question--what is language and how is represented in the mind?"( Linguistics).
"Furthermore, in order to communicate meaningfully language must have a certain understandable structure. It makes use of symbols which can refer to sounds or written characters that represent objects, actions and events. Language must also be able to convey and communicate ideas and concepts that the individual might not experience personally but which may have occurred at different times and in different places. (Learning and Conditioning)
"The main purpose of language is communication and this would not be possible if there were no shared and general concepts and ideas that could be referred to in language - which again points to the importance of semantic memory. In the development of language skills the learning and implementation of semantic memory is therefore vital to the central aims of language and communication."

Tags:episodic, memory, word, assimilation, vocabulary, communication

Abstract
This paper examines how both Richard Rodriguez's "Hunger for Memory" and Thomas Szasz's "The Myth of Psychotherapy" demonstrate the current cultural obsession with self-reflection and the idea that reconstituting, reliving, and recapturing memory is impossible, a lie, and would be dangerous to the psyche and soul's self-development if it were possible. It looks at how Szasz critiques modern psychotherapy's attempt to make morality a mental and medical issue, whereas Rodriguez critiques modern moral educators within the educational establishment who would excuse poor performance by minority students and students from non-English speaking homes. It shows how both suggest objective, external standards to live up to, rather than internal reflection, and how they believe this is the answer to the sense of depression and disenfranchisement so endemic to modern life.

From the Paper
"Hunger for Memory chronicles the autobiography of a young, once-Spanish speaking, now primarily English-speaking young man, of the journey of a Mexican-American named Richard Rodriguez who "made good" and lived the American dream. Yet although Rodriguez states that he has reaped the benefits of material and academic success, he feels alienated from his culture and of the political emphasis of reconstituting one's roots in modern America. This is particularly in terms of language, the author states. Rodriguez, after all, began his schooling in a primarily English-speaking school in Sacramento, California. He knew only a few words of English but Spanish was the primary language of his home."

Tags:culture, education, morals

Abstract
This paper examines the role of race in studying the psychology of memory and how culture affects how one remembers events because it impacts how one sees one's self and identity as competent or incompetent. It also looks at how culture affects memory, as well, in terms of the meanings attached to different materials and how meaningful materials are more likely to be remembered.

From the Paper
"To encourage memory in school, imagery techniques and other mnemonic strategies are often used by teachers in the hope that the image or the use of the mnemonic by the student will be more effective than if the student were to use one provided by the instructor. However, several researchers have suggested that the benefit occurs only with meaningful materials, and some researchers have found indications of a negative generation effect when meaningless material are used. (Lutz, Briggs, Cain, 2001, p.1) In short, when a student does not find something meaninful, he or she is likely not to remember it, and what is considered meaningful is by definition culturally contextual."

Tags:mnemonic, race, identity

Abstract
The paper shows how Romanticism was a period in human history where structure and form were abandoned for unrestricted thought and movement. It discusses its influence on poetry and how, through their representation of memory in their poetry, poets sought to illustrate the complexities of the human mind as well as explore Descartes' supposition of "I think, therefore I am." This paper specifically looks at two poems from the Romantic Era: "The Nightingale" by Coleridge and "The Idiot Boy" by Wordsworth. By conducting a thorough analysis of these two poems, the paper shows how many poets believed memory to be more than just observation to the past. Memories are loaded with the reminiscer's interpretation of previous events and are therefore subject to the reminiscer's culture, character and rationalizing process. The paper discusses how, by representing memory in this way, poets provide their own interpretation of how the human mind operates and what it really means to be fully aware as a member of the human race.

From the Paper
"From the onset, the descriptions of the natural surroundings given by the narrator demonstrates the thought processes of the mind in capturing images from the outside. When the narrator talks of "No cloud, no relique of the sunken day distinguishes the West, no long thin slip of sullen Light, no obscure trembling hues," they are not merely observations because the narrator talks of images that are not there. Instead, the narrator implies more about his expectations at seeing a cloud and a relique of the sunken day, and his surprise at finding neither in sight. This is an example of the mind interpreting more than just the surroundings but taking into account time and circumstance in evaluating what is going on outside the mind. This can also be gleaned from the choice of adjectives the narrator employs in describing his surroundings. The narrator observes the "soft bed of verdure" and "vernal showers." "

Tags:Enlightenment, perception, Betty, Foy, Nightingale, Coleridge, Idiot, Boy, Wordsworth.

Abstract
In this paper, the author describes the cultural importance of heavy metal music in Finland, seeing it as deeply imbued with ancient folklore, historical memories and national romanticism. The paper further elaborates that this music enables a nation that has been silent to be heard. Five categories of Finnish heavy metal music, Nature, the Past, the Epic, Folk and the classical/Romantic are explored in detail. Then, the nature of their role in the music and how they communicate Finnish-ness and cultural identity is examined. Lyrics from several songs are included in the paper. The paper also includes a selected discography and recommendations for further listening.

Introduction
Nature
The Past
The Epic
Folk
Classical/Romantic
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There are several elements commonly present in Finnish heavy metal music that particularly orient it toward this form of cultural expression. These can be organized into five signs, aspects of the music as a whole that communicate Finnish-ness. These have been designated as Nature, the Past, the Epic, Folk and the classical/Romantic. Each of these categories will be explored in detail as it pertains to Finnish heavy metal. Once the existence of these signs has been established as an integrated component of the music, an examination of the nature of their role in the music and how they communicate Finnish-ness and cultural identity can begin."

Tags:Scandinavian folklore, rock music, nationalism

Abstract
In this paper, the use of photographs as reflections of memories of the Mexican migratory experience is a major facet of the literary work of Rulfo and Rivera. Photos appear to one facet of this sort of experience that provides some sort of connection with a culture that was constantly on the move and could not settle in any one place.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from The Paper Experts Inc. rive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #255 Order ID: 20842 Topic: Literature Disclaimer: This document should be used in precisely the same way you would use any article you might find in your local research library. Remember, you must cite it properly just like you would any other source listed in your bibliography. If you have any questions regarding citing

Tags:rulfo, mexican, migrant

Abstract
The paper discusses sex differences in visual spatial learning and memory and notes that few studies can explain the causes for these differences and what can effectively alter the results. The paper presents a literature review on this issue and discusses the following queries: (a) At what age do the sex differences occur? (b) Are the sex differences consistent over time? (c) Are the sex differences consistent across species? (d) And is there a relation of physiological behaviors to the difference in visual-spatial abilities?

Outline:
Introduction
What is Visual Spatial Memory?
How Does One Test Visual Spatial Memory?
Background
Current Findings
Beginning Hormonal Research
Animal Findings
Humans
Motivational Studies
Conclusion
Proposed Future Studies

From the Paper
"Males tend to have a more right hemisphere visual-spatial focus than their female counterparts. Females tend to have a more bi-laterally activated visual-spatial memory. These differences have been attributed to an ecological approach, which explains that women developed a need for more verbal abilities in Broca's area, while males needed to focus on the hunting aspect survival and developed a larger area in the hippocampus and para-hippocampal area devoted to visual-spatial abilities. This fact holds true for all species that have been studied in relation to visual-spatial learning and memory. It is widely accepted to be located specifically in the hippocampus of both humans and animals. Spatial tasks are performed through the right parietal regions across these species."

Tags:cultural, theory, brain, lateralization, visual-spatial, abilities, mental, rotation

Abstract
The presidential election of 2008 in the United States sparked off a great deal of debate on the issue of color. The author of the paper discusses the issue of color in the educational system and looks at a number of books that deal in various ways with the subject of color and education. The books are "The End of Race" by Steve Olson, "Hunger of Memory "by Richard Rodriguez, "The Myth of War" by Chris Hedges and "How Soccer Explains the World" by Franklin Foer.

From the Paper
"In his essay How Soccer Explains Bourgeois Nationalism, Foer writes about the passion and pride Catalans have for their culture and language. These people, a nation by their own, are on the one hand pretty much stuck in Spain and have to adjust to its official language. On the other hand, they have an open and adoptable culture, using soccer to forming their identity. Although a proud nation, they accept foreigners as soon as those accept the Catalonians: "To become Catalan, one must simply learn the Catalan language, disparage Castilian Spain, and love Barca" (Foer 76). In the United States, however, it is a harder for Mexicans and sometimes they do not get accepted at all. Unfortunately, some Americans are not as open as Catalonians. Especially during childhood, Rodriguez hat problems being accepted: "Walking down the sidewalk (...) silent neighbor kids stood warily watching me" (Rodriguez 15). He was not only noticed by his accent but by his look--his race--as well. At home, he was a happy child, but as soon as he left, he felt uncomfortable being in public. Even when Rodriguez knew the language and loved the country he lived in, he still sometimes did not feel accepted as a foreigner would when "becoming" Catalan."

Tags:education, color, children, disadvantaged, intermarriage, integration, race, customs, foreign, culture, college, students, teachers, nations, tolerance