Abstract
This essay examines the two related themes that have significantly contributed to the development of social, political, and cultural changes across the planet. The writer examines several historical examples related to these themes, and then relates nationalism and cultural imperialism to current events. In addition this essay comments on nationalistic tendencies during the Protestant Reformation and creation of the dynastic states, surrounding the French Revolution and the Revolutions of 1848, within the Far East, and in other settings; and cite nationalism in current events.

From the Paper
"Plenty of arguments surround the role of the Protestant Reformation in the rise of modern individualism, democracy, and industrialism, but most historians agree that the Reformation deeply influenced the formation of modern nationalism, especially through the Thirty Years War and the subsequent Treaty of Westphalia. By that time, several of the modern nation-states were solidified, particularly Spain, France, and England. Here we see nationalism originating in states that were based on religious and dynastic ties."

Tags:Catholic, heretics, Rome, technology, economics, culture, politics, communication, knowledge, education, vernacular, languages

Abstract
This paper reviews American cultural imperialism as expressed in a variety of manners and methods.

Abstract
This paper discusses how cultural imperialism is the voluntary absorption of one culture by another. In particular, it looks at the particular case of the absorption of American culture by Australia. It examines how the advent of technology has made the world more accessible to huge numbers of people and how this increased accessibility exposes countries to more of other countries' cultures and ideas. The paper argues that Australia should not take steps to try and limit the amount of American media and popular culture that is being imported and that rather than being detrimental to Australia, cultural imperialism is merely a bi product of globalization.

From the Paper
"In Australia the issue of American dominance is a popular topic of debate. Terms like "Americanization" and "McDomination" are thrown around opinion columns and talked about in the media. People are referring to the influx of American popular culture that despite peaking in the 1960's, is still going on today. In "the early 1960s as much as 98 per cent of television drama was imported, while today 55 per cent of television drama is local content." (Sheil) The majority of this imported television was of American origin. However by no means does this say that America is losing its influence in popular culture because American music and movies still dominate Australian airways and movie theatres. Currently only thirteen of the fifty songs on the ARIA (Australia Record Industry Association) top 50 singles chart are Australian with the rest being imported, foreign music. "

Tags:globalization, popular, technology

Abstract
This paper argues that Arabs living in the West are gradually being denied their rights to cultural self-expression and the concept of cultural imperialism is beginning to take over. While one cannot argue the halting of globalization as a means of halting the trend towards the suppression of Arab culture, one can argue that multi culturalism must become the norm. It explains that it is only within a framework of multiculturalism that globalization will not be a cultural threat to minority cultures and that these cultures will be allowed to survive without having to apologize for their values or some feeling that regression into extremism is the only available form of cultural and religious defense. Thus, it is not the Arab culture that must be redefined, but globalization's culturally imperialistic attitudes that must be reformulated.

From the Paper
"In the early 1990s, Huntington predicted that the wars of the future would not be over ideological differences, but over cultural ones. Arguing that the stereotypes that cultures produce of each other, leading to significant misunderstandings and misinterpretations, culminating in a `clash of civilizations,' Huntington's thesis initially appeared invalid to some. Many believed that globalization, which would be based on multiculturalism, eventually giving birth to a universal culture which, while co-existing alongside national ones, would provide a strong basis for the globalization of culturally relativist attitudes, would prevent such a clash. However, even in the midst of globalization and the increased outward appearance of nations attempting to forge closer relationships and acquire cultural understanding of one another, Huntington's thesis proved valid. Although many cannot trace the present East and West clash of civilizations much further back than September eleventh, the fact is that the antagonistic relationship between the Islamic and Western worlds, based on mutual stereotyping and mutual feelings of fear, distrust and even hatred, goes back to the birth of Islam and its immediate perception by Christianity and a false and dangerous new religion. Since that time, and over the centuries that followed, Islam and Western Christianity only made superficial attempts to objectively understand one another through a non-judgmental culturally relativist attitude. Instead, each created stereotypes, based on part truths or complete lies, of the other; treated those stereotypes as the reality and, death with the other from that perspective, allowing misunderstandings, misinterpretations and hatred to burst to the boiling point called September eleventh and the counterattack called the War on Terror. Therefore, while September eleventh is not the starting point for the eruption of the clash of civilizations we are ironically living in during the age of globalization, it is a significant turning point which brought the clash of civilizations into the open."

Tags:arab, muslim, west

Abstract
This paper provides a critique of an article, "The Language of Yankee Cultural Imperialism", on the implications of how Yankee-speech became recognized as the highest standard of American English.

From the Paper
In "The Language of Yankee Cultural Imperialism" Frazer shows that the residue of original Puritan colonization pushed westward from Massachusetts Bay and beyond out of which developed what came to be recognized as Yankee culture ..."

Tags:Standard, English, Yankee, domination

Abstract
This paper examines Caribbean culture and at how its dynamic polyglot, diverse nature - and its ability, and even willingness, to accommodate different cultures and ethno-social traditions - has actually made it vulnerable on a number of profound levels. According to the paper, the Caribbean nations have shown a marked inability to throw off the cultural, linguistic and educational encrustations of the European nations which took over the region generations ago and which re-shaped their new fiefdoms in ways that effectively did away with pre-European values, codes, religions and dialects. As a result of this, the paper explains, many Caribbean young people attend English or French schools and prepare themselves for entry into a "global village" that is controlled by the very ethno-racial groups that colonized their lands.

From the Paper
"In the end, the next few pages, by looking at the fragmented nature of the Caribbean world and by looking at the impress of foreign language upon its peoples and formal structures, will reveal a region that has lost much of its ability to marshal its forces against external imperialistic forces."

Tags:diversity, polyglot, global, village

Abstract
This paper examines the Caribbean culture and at how its dynamic polyglot, diverse nature - and its ability, and even willingness, to accommodate different cultures and ethno-social traditions - has actually made it vulnerable on a number of profound levels. It explains that the Caribbean nations have shown a marked inability to throw off the cultural, linguistic and educational encrustations of the European nations which took over the region generations ago and which re-shaped their new fiefdoms in ways that effectively did away with pre-European values, codes, religions and dialects. The paper also looks at how many Caribbean young people attend English or French schools and prepare themselves for entry into a "global village" that is controlled by the very ethno-racial groups which turned their own lands "upside-down" in the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. In essence, the paper shows that by looking at the fragmented nature of the Caribbean world and by looking at the impress of foreign language upon its peoples and formal structures, a region is revealed that has lost much of its ability to marshal its forces against external imperialistic forces. The writer believes that the Caribbean must start doing a better job of privileging its indigenous traditions and dialects or it will finally, ineradicably, lose them forever.

From the Paper
"Many observers are of the view that the Caribbean is a melting pot; that it is a place wherein European and non-European types "creolize" and thereby shed their different historical-national identities in favor of one that is "West Indian" in nature. This argument, however, has been vigorously challenged by others who assert that the Caribbean is really a collection of different regions which have their own unique, distinctive features. Simply put, while there may be regional similarities vis-a-vis food, music, dance, dress and a host of other elements, there are many more (or at least as many more) differences as there are similarities (Allahar, p.1-2). Simply put, Allahar appears to be to arguing two things: firstly, West Indian/Caribbean is diverse; secondly, despite this diversity, the region has certain societal features that distinguish it from other regions and which bind together its disparate elements."

Tags:language, education, ethnicity, religions, dialects, West, Indian

Abstract
This paper examines "Culture and Imperialism" by Edward Said, illustrating imperialism through various modes of culture. The paper outlines Said's explanation that imperialism is an ideology that justifies, supports, and legitimates the conquest, control, and domination of lands that are inhabited by other people, who speak different languages and have other traditions. The paper also describes various literary works of the same time period and claims that Said viewed imperialism as the central theme of European literature in the 19th century.

From the Paper
"Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism postulates that imperialism is not about a moment in history, but rather, about a continuing, interdependent relationship between a people and the dominant peoples and the dominant dialogue of an empire. Said sees "the disputed value of knowledge about imperialism . . . (as) a compellingly important and interesting configuration in the world of power and nations. There is no question," he insists, "that in the past decade the extraordinarily intense reversion to tribal and religious sentiments all over the world has accompanied and deepened many of the discrepancies among polities that have continued since . . . the period of high European imperialism." "

Tags:19th, century, colonialism, european, history, ideology, literature, traditions

Abstract
The paper discusses three theories about the New Imperialism policies of Europe and the United States. The paper explains the causes of the New Imperialism policies, including economic reasons, emergence of nation states and nationalism, cultural and religious motives.

From the Paper
"The phrase "New Imperialism" has historically been used to describe the various competing imperialist policies of Europe and the United States at the end of the Nineteenth and beginning of the Twentieth centuries. This new imperialism was different in a number of ways from the old practices, not the least of which was the fact that it was widely recognized and criticized in its own time. There has been much debate within the field concerning what the actual causes of the new imperialist era were."

Tags:new imperialism, hayes, hobson, lenin, ferry, bismarck, kipling

Abstract
This paper discusses the moral implications of whale hunting in terms of its use as a cultural practice. The specific context of the discussion is the resumption of whaling by the Makah Indians of Washington State after a hiatus of nearly a century. The paper presents the native peoples' arguments of "eco-imperialism", but then refutes this argument in terms of modernity and how it must include native peoples. The paper proposes a solution that is to introduce native peoples to the norms of science and modernity so that they will face the reality of modernity and adapt their customs accordingly.

From the Paper
"Science faces a dilemma when it comes to consider the breakdown of society in the face of technological advance. The situation is even more difficult when science takes the environmentalist stance and then finds itself in opposition to native cultures, which it also wants to preserve. Anthropological studies have shown that many cultures around the world are integrally linked to whaling, both economically and culturally. But now that whales are facing extinction, the scientific community must make a decision as to which is more worth preservation, native human cultures, or the population of whales. In my opinion, science should support the latter cause."

Tags:Makah, eco-imperialism, species, environment, protection