Abstract
This paper discusses the history and development of Santa Cruz, California from 1769 to 1960. The paper identifies key historical events and looks at how the demographics of the region changed during that time period.

Tags:Santa Cruz, history, California

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is generally recognized that women in colonial Latin America were considered largely second class citizens. The writer maintains that as such, the list of women in Latin America who are recognized for their intellectual capacities, whether academic or artistic, is somewhat limited. The writer discusses feminist writings during the colonial period and focuses on Juana Ines de La Cruz.

From the Paper
"That is, they were thought by the church to be best suited for child-rearing and blind obedience rather than towards any sort of intellectual pursuit. As such, the list of women in Latin America who are recognized for their intellectual capacities, whether academic or artistic, is somewhat limited. However, for the few that are recognized from the colonial period or roughly between the late 1400s and the early 1800s, the fact that they are currently recognize at ..."

Tags:writer, feminist

Abstract
This paper offers a brief biographical account of the life of Mexican nun, feminist, teacher, writer, and philosopher, Sor Juana Indes de la Cruz. Her early education, her time spent in the convent, her writings, and feminist philosophy are all touched upon in this paper. The paper also briefly highlights the causes she defended and the reason for her downfall in Mexican society.

From the Paper
"Sor Juana Indes de la Cruz was variously known as a Mexican nun, feminist, teacher, prodigy, writer, philosopher, and an intellectual (Oregon no date). She lived in the Baroque era. Multiple accounts state that she was baptized December 2, 1648 and registered on the church rolls as a "daughter of the Church" due to her illegitimate birth (Dartmouth 2003)(Oregon no date). At 3, she learned how to read by persuading her sister's teacher to let her to attend the local primary school (Alonzo 1997). (She said her mother sent her.) (Alonzo 1997). Even at such an early age, she had a insatiable desire for knowledge and education."

Tags:intellectual, prodigy, daught, of, the, church, illegitimate, university, of, mexico, city, female, intellectual, hispanic, society, seventeenth, century

Abstract
This paper discusses the history, life and works of the poet Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz. It discusses her defiance of Catholic Order and her learning, including her large library of books and musical and scientific instruments. The paper then discusses her expression of her feminism and her argument, in her best known work, that women need to be educated. The paper discusses the symbolism of some of her poetry.

Table of Contents:
Juana's Defiance of Catholic Order and Her Learning
Her Feminism

From the Paper
"Much of Sor Juana Ines' poetry centers on the old chestnut of the Golden Age, which is the role of art in breaching the boundaries between illusion and reality and between dream and waking (Kantaris 1992). In her famous Poem 152, "Verde Embeleso de la Vida Humana," she describes life as a waking dream of twists and turns, and in Poem 102, "Decimas que Acompanaron un Retrato Enviado a Una Persona," she brings out the feelings of the "original" woman who sent her. In it, Sor Juana Ines questions the primary of the original over the copy, of reality over art, of the empty presence of the body over the entire world of art, imagination and the intellect. Her clever use of pronouns clouds the gender of the sender and of the recipient (Kantaris)."

Tags:rose, feminism, injustice

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine Carlos Fuentes's "The Death of Artemio Cruz", with a view toward showing how Artemio's character personifies the ultimate betrayal of the ideals of the Mexican Revolution. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which Artemio's character develops, and then to show how Fuentes uses him as an analogue for the success of the goals of the revolution on one hand, and for the failure of the ideals of the revolution on the other.

Artemio is an emblem of the successful revolutionary who has co-opted the goals of the revolution to achieve economic gain and a more generalized personal power. To put it another way, one set of oligarchs (disguised as petty bourgeois) has supplanted the other, and by the time the new oligarchy has been established, one can hardly tell the new regime from the old one, ... "

Abstract
This essay deals with two passages from Carlos Fuentes' novel, The Death of Artemio Cruz. This is a passage commentary on both. The passages were a recollection of a sexual event, from Artemio Cruz's past, dated December 4, 1913. The passages dealt with perception, Cruz's personal yearn for total control. The aspect of male dominance was also present in this passage.

From the Paper
"The actual case of this passage was much more grotesque. It was a soldier raping a town's woman, and afterwards, she would get hanged. This was a beautiful lie that Artemio Cruz had created. It was his male egoistic fantasy: a woman who did as he wished, to sleep with if and when he wanted and to be followed, and to be cooked for. Cruz and Fuentes, with their description of the past event, were able to create a romantic moment out of a rape scene. This was akin to the details that Cruz had remembered so thoroughly, as he blended unpleasant images that had pleasant meanings and vice versa."

Tags:artemio, carlos, commentary, cruz, death, fuentes, passage

Abstract
This essay discusses Cruz's "Poems, Protest, and a Dream : Selected Writings". The paper focuses on Cruz's argument against the sexism and patriarchy within the Church. As a nun who lived in seventeenth century Mexico, she distinguished herself as a writer and intellectual. Because of this, the Church tried to silence her, since she was outside of her "gender role" in her intellectual pursuits. Thus, one of the strongest pieces in this book is her defense of the status of women, and their right to also pursue intellectual activities.

Tags:poems, protest, dream

Abstract
This paper discusses "Gorky Park", Martin Cruz Smith's novel set in Moscow. It describes the characters created by Smith and shows how the author uses them to present us with an insight into Russian society. The paper uses Gary Hausladen's 1995 article, "Murder in Moscow," from the Geographical Review, as a reference.

From the Paper
"Everyone, other than Renko and his American counterpart, Kirwell, a New York detective who has come to Moscow to avenge the death of his brother, are suspect villains, from the Major Pribluda of the KGB, on whom Renko attempts to pin the assassinations from Gorky Park, to Osborne and the FBI. The novel is filled with disreputable politicians and bureaucratic red tape and pettiness among the officials. Smith gives a convincing portrayal of Russian life during the Soviet rule of the Cold War years."

Tags:Jack, Osborne, Renko, KGB, Major, Pribluda

Abstract
Discussing how gang activity is on the rise throughout the United States, along with the poverty that is the root cause. Comparing two articles that deal with this issue - Tim Lucas' article focuses on the general panic across America concerning the presence and spread of gangs. It explores the barriers built between the white majority and the impoverished Hispanic minority in Santa Cruz's Beach Flats area, and discusses how these barriers have affected the rise of gangs. The second article details a study in which Australian street kids were observed and interviewed. This study focused on gender relations between street kids as well as social organization and moral conduct. These two articles are compared on several grounds, this first being an assessment of the main points of each, second is an evaluation of their contributions to the literature on this subject. Next, the differing approaches to research are contrasted, as well as the results of this research. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of each article are compared.

From the Paper
"The issue of urban poverty, homelessness and gangs is a very serious one, and will only continue to gain importance as more and more of the world develops. These two articles both deal with this issue but in very different ways. Lucas tries to develop a model that can be universally applied to urban gangs, and does this through the example of the Beach Flats area of Santa Cruz. It's main conclusions are that although youth crime is increasing, there is an over inflated fear of this increase, and that it is the boundaries formed in the midst of this moral panic that the problem of youth gangs is exacerbated. Winchester and Costello's article is at the opposite end of the spectrum, in that it focuses solely on a single group of homeless children, in an attempt to understand their nature more thoroughly, but with no attempt made to provide deeper insight into the problem of homelessness as a whole."

Tags:australian, cultural, geography, homelessness, living, poverty, youth

Abstract
Thispaper details the history and accomplishments of Celia Cruz - "The Queen of Salsa."