From the Paper
"Plate Tectonics on Venus?


The plate tectonic theory is now widely accepted as a unifying basis for the physical geology of the earth as a whole. Not only does it explain most of the tectonic phenomena on Earth, but a number of key points have been well substantiated by paleomagnetic and seismologic studies (4). Venus, Earth's nearest neighbor, and similar in size, density, and age (8) might be expected to have similar tectonic activity. Indeed Soviet and U.S. explorations of Venus during the 60's and 70's revealed several features that could be interpreted as past or ongoing tectonism (Fig. 1). These included large calderas and arachnoids suggesting volcanism, dome uplifts, low ridge belts on planes, high mountain belts, heavily deformed areas called tesserae, and the circular coronae unique to Venus (9). Now that the..."

Abstract
Volcanic dust is the residue that remains in the atmosphere after the eruption of a volcano. A volcano is a general term for any opening in the crust of a planet or natural satellite through which gases, lava or magma, and solid fragments are discharged. Volcanoes are typically classified as active, dormant, or extinct (Encarta, 1998).
The interior of the earth is composed of an inner solid-iron core surrounded by an iron-rich, liquid outer core. Beyond the core is the mantle, a chemically distinct silica-rich layer that extends to the earth's crust, about 4,100 miles from the center of the earth. The mantle is extremely hot, and convective ..."

From the Paper
"VOLCANIC DUST

Definitions
Volcanic dust is the residue that remains in the atmosphere after the eruption of a volcano. A volcano is a general term for any opening in the crust of a planet or natural satellite through which gases, lava or magma, and solid fragments are discharged. Volcanoes are typically classified as active, dormant, or extinct (Encarta, 1998).
The interior of the earth is composed of an inner solid-iron core surrounded by an iron-rich, liquid outer core. Beyond the core is the mantle, a chemically distinct silica-rich layer that extends to the earth's crust, about 4,100 miles from the center of the earth. The mantle is extremely hot, and convective ..."

Abstract
The following paper will look at what causes earthquakes to occur. To answer this question, the next several pages will look at the tectonic phenomena which lie at the root of seismic disturbances; in so doing, it will become clear that the brittle nature of the earth's crust is a hugely important consideration when it comes to explaining why earthquakes suddenly spring out of nowhere. Among the fascinating items which will be discussed are the different types of plate activities which trigger earthquakes and the process of subduction which is, at this very moment, setting the stage for the huge area just off from the west coast of the United States otherwise known as the Cascadia zone. The paper will then conclude by describing some interesting features of earthquakes in general - chiefly the actions of their 'waves' as the quake lives out its life - and end with a brief conclusion that shows appropriate reverence for the power of these deadly natural disasters.

From the Paper
Environmental Studies and Ecology: What Makes the Earth Tremble? The following paper will look at what causes earthquakes to occur. To answer this question, the next several pages will look at the tectonic phenomena which lie at the root of seismic disturbances; in so doing, it will become clear that the brittle nature of the earth's crust is a hugely important consideration when it comes to explaining why earthquakes suddenly spring out of nowhere. Among the fascinating items which will be discussed are the different types of plate activities which trigger earthquakes and the process of subduction which is, at this very moment, setting the stage for the huge area just off from the west coast of the

Tags:ecology, environmental, earth

Abstract
The paper's first article discusses how technology is going to change ocean observation. The second article discusses the use of magnetic technology during the MELT magma distribution experiment to map surfaces below the ocean. The third article describes the reliance of modern science on technology rather than intellect and the fourth article discusses the use of seismic waves to gauge the thickness of the ocean crust.

Tags:oceanography, article, reviews

Abstract
This paper analyzes Oscar Wilde's play "The Importance of Being Earnest" as a condemning social comment on the upper crust of English society. The entire play portrays the trivia of society, in its superficiality and fantasies, to create an illusion of self-importance, purpose and sophistication. Analyzing each of the characters in turn, the paper concludes that they are all subject to their own illusions and hypocrisies, have an immense quantity of trivial habits, and lack a sense of purpose, thereby illustrating the fallacies of Victorian high society.

From the Paper
"As can easily be observed, Wilde has given all of the characters in his play, whether they even make an appearance or not, a distinct stereotype of their role in society, yet, keeping with the theme of trivia and "bubbles of fancy", showed how purposeless and identical they all are. All of the characters are living a lie, which they have created for themselves to either thrust themselves into society, or to escape from those confines. And, resolutely, all of these lies are revealed in the end of the play. Algernon and Jack escaped from their constricted bindings by creating alter egos for the sake of Bunburying. On the other hand, Lady Bracknell forced her way into society by marrying Lord Bracknell, if only for money. Cecily and Gwendolen, although both content in their current cliques, desired something that was missing from their lives - a husband named Ernest. Dr. Chasuble and Miss Prism both suppressed their love for each other as the "practice of the Primitive Church was distinctly against matrimony." Despite the vastly contrasting scenes and positions held by each of the characters, they are all hiding their real identities in delicately constructed lies."

Tags:British, Irish, literature, bubble, elite

Abstract
The paper describes how metals exist in the form of minerals in the earth's crust, a metal ore being a highly concentrated mineral form of the metal. The paper explains how extraction of metals from its ore depends upon the quality of the ore and that the ores obtained from the ground contain unwanted impurities called gangue. The paper discusses the various methods of extracting these impurities from the metal.

Table of Contents:
Concentration
a. Gravity Separation or Hydraulic Washing
b. Froth Flotation
c. Magnetic Separation
d. Chemical Separation
Roasting or Calcination
Reduction of Mineral to the Metal
a. Electrolytic Reduction
b. Chemical Reduction (Smelting)
c. Auto-reduction(Smelting)
Refining

From the Paper
In this method, a Wilfley table is used .It is a sloping table and its top is corrugated or riffled in the direction of the slope. The crushed ore is then placed on the top of this table, which is always kept vibrating. "Then water is made to flow across the table at right angles to the top. The lighter gangue particles are thrown upwards at every jerk and carried across the table by the stream of water, while the heavier ore particles move towards the bottom of the table. Thus separation takes place when the ore reaches the bottom. This method is useful for dense ores like Cassiterite (SnO2).
Hydraulic classifier."

Tags:Wilfley, hydraulic

Abstract
This paper examines how alcohol has a major role in "The Great Gatsby," just as it did in the era of the 1920s in which the novel is set. It looks at how the characters in the novel drink heavily and see nothing wrong with breaking the law, even though they hold it against those who supply them, namely, men like Gatsby himself, who at one time was a bootlegger. It shows how the illegality of the upper crust is apparent in the parties among the West Eggers, while men like Gatsby in East Egg are seen as necessary, but sordid.

From the Paper
"The character of Jay Gatsby serves as a representation of the falseness of the society in which he lives and to which he aspires. Gatsby fails to recognize the falseness of the west Egg world as he wants to be part of it, but it is also true that at the same time he is alienated from that society. He is a rather enigmatic character, especially as perceived by other characters in the novel. His character is illuminated by his interactions with other characters who represent different aspects of society."

Tags:prohibition, west, east, egg, jay, bootlegger

Abstract
Geothermal energy is described as the natural, internal heat of the earth that is trapped in rock formations deep within the crust, but only a fraction of this vast storehouse of energy can be extracted. The paper looks at the way this energy source is used and the limitations of its widespread use.

From the Paper
"In recent years, the use of geothermal or natural steam power has greatly advanced. Deep wells have been driven at the Geysers region in northern California where the capacity has been estimated to be over 400,000 kilowatts. In addition, the use of geothermal steam power has been used to some extent in New Zealand, Japan, Mexico and Italy where recent efforts have been made to develop geothermal power as an alternative to burning fossil fuels, due to the fact that geothermal power is extremely clean and moderately cheap to harness."

Tags:arctic, power, natural, source

Abstract
This paper discusses tectonic plate movements and how they affect the surface of the earth by causing massive destruction produced by earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis.

From the Paper
"The global ramifications of tectonic plate movement is scrutinized by examining the damaging tectonic activity caused by earthquakes and volcanic eruption as well as the hazards these earthquakes in turn generate, namely volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. The damaging nature of these natural forces cause the world united grief as chilling images of vast wreckage are imbedded in their minds forever. These unstoppable tragedies remind us that we are insignificant in the greater scheme of life and we are still at the mercy of the throes of tectonic plate movement."

Tags:earth, continental, ocean, crust, intense, geologic, activity, topographies, shifting