Abstract
This paper discusses the book "Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When the Stakes are High," written by Kerry Patterson, Joseph Grenny, Ron McMillan, Al Switzler, and Stephen J. Covey. The paper describes the authors' seven key principles to make crucial conversations a true exchange of information that is conducive to productive action, rather than a source of conflagration and discord. It provides two examples to illustrate the points that it makes.

From the Paper
"Although persuasion and articulating your 'path' is the goal of dialogue, such honesty does not mean one must be abrasive, cruel, and generate negative emotions. Speaking persuasively and not abrasively means stating one's path in a truthful fashion, but still being able to: explore the other person's 'path,' and even if it might not seem fair, and keep listening, even when the other party grows angry or silent. Again, it is easy to listen when things are going your way, the hard thing may be for the hurt wife to remain silent and hear her husband's explanation of the credit card bill, or for the employee to wait out that uncomfortable moment of silence in the bosses' office when the employee first mentions the long overdue raise."

Tags:information, principles, persuasion

Abstract
This paper draws on the tenets of the history of American policing and interprets the role of the police through the light of the contemporary needs of our modern society. The paper explains that the role of the police in our American society has undergone significant upheavals, shifts, and transformations in every aspect imaginable, as evidenced by such occasions as the formal designation of a police system, the literal physical appearance of officers in varying uniforms, and the structuring and re-structuring of individual organizations. The paper notes that these shifts and changes coincided with shifts in expected outcomes, societal upheavals, significant changes in strategies and philosophies, and differing amounts of influence from both within and without the formal police agency. The paper concludes that the definition of the role of our modern day police is not exempt from continuing transformations and shifts; if anything, the role of the police in our society is becoming ever more complex.

Outline:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Flexibility is not only required for a police organization as a whole, but also for each individual member of the police organization. If we agree and afford legitimacy to the tenet that physical force is secondary to all other means of enforcement, and then only to be applied in the minimum measure and intensity necessary to accomplish the objective as Peel states, then we begin to get an inkling of how important flexibility is to the role of the police. An individual police agent or a group of police actors must possess great flexibility in assessing what measures to employ in enforcing compliance and this is particularly so when deciding when to use force, what force to use, and how much force to apply. Flexibility is not only required for a police organization as a whole, but also for each individual member of the police organization. If we agree and afford legitimacy to the tenet that physical force is secondary to all other means of enforcement, and then only to be applied in the minimum measure and intensity necessary to accomplish the objective as Peel states, then we begin to get an inkling of how important flexibility is to the role of the police. An individual police agent or a group of police actors must possess great flexibility in assessing what measures to employ in enforcing compliance and this is particularly so when deciding when to use force, what force to use, and how much force to apply."

Tags:law, enforcement, sheriff, local, corrections

Abstract
Summary: The repressed/false memory debate is marked by sharp polarities of what Loftus terms firm believers and skeptics who "point to the reconstructive nature of memory and ask for evidence and corroboration". The debate is far from theoretical since individual's reputations and futures are at stake. While the claims and arguments on both sides of the controversy will be discussed, the purpose here is to explore the nature of memory, repression and dissociation to determine if therapists can distinguish between true and false memories of childhood trauma.

Tags:false, memory, debate

Abstract
This paper makes a case for why political parties have become an essential part of political campaigns, primarily because of their enormous fund-raising capabilities. The writer demonstrates that parties as they are today are essential, because of their ability to run smooth and large-scale campaigns.

From the Paper
"Paul Herrnson said it best in his contention that, "American parties are primarily electoral institutions. They focus more on elections and less on initiating policy change than do parties in other Western democracies" (Maisel 47). While the influence of political parties has fluctuated greatly throughout their 150-year influence, one critical advantage of parties has seemingly guaranteed their undeniable essentialness in campaigns; their ability to raise vast sums of money. With vast sums of money came the ability to provide essential resources to candidates, and the "increased needs of candidates for greater access to technical expertise, political information and money created an opportunity for national...party organizations to become the repositories of these electoral resources" (Maisel 52). Party-run campaigns have supplanted candidate-centered campaigns, and this is a trend not likely to change as the years progress. Even with the inception of campaign finance reforms such as the Federal Election Campaigning Act of 1971 and the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, parties have continually adapted to changing legal limits on various forms of campaign finance, and monies raised continues to increase. Parties have used these increased funds to do whatever it takes to win elections, such as hiring campaign consultants who seek to ensure that the party gets enough votes when Election Day comes. As demonstrated in Thomas Frank's What's the Matter with Kansas?, the unlikely transformation of Kansas from one of the most liberal states to a now overwhelming majority Republican state is a feat in itself, and happened because of shrewd campaign tactics."

Tags:act, bcra, campaigning, campgaign, electoral, essential, feca, federal, finance, parties, party, political

From the Paper
"Eric Goldman, author of The Crucial Decade--and After: America, 1945-1960, was a history professor at Johns Hopkins University and at Princeton University. Mr. Goldman has written articles for scholarly journals as well as for popular magazines. He is the author of a number of books, of which the most famous is Rendezvous with Destiny. Goldman's point of view is that of a historian, an intellectual and a scholar. He looks for themes, trends, and cause and effect, not for a mere telling of events. He places the events in the tenor of the times and describes the shifts in popular culture and psychology. This gives his work a hint of the point of view of a sociologist, as well.
In his preface to the book, Goldman states that two questions pressed upon him as he considered the history of the United States between 1945 and 1960. One of the questions..."

Abstract
The paper sets out to prove that, while Eric Goldman is valuable as a source of details about the era, his work holds little value as an historical piece of work. It traces the life of Goldman and his writing of the work. It criticizes the lack of objectivity in the work and explains the reasons for this lack. It looks at the disparity in writing style of the work and concludes by evaluating the work's value as a whole.

From the Paper
"As far as the relevancy to his subject matter, it is difficult to find fault in Goldman's work. He does not wander from the topic and his work is very focused. His intent was to give an overview of the events that shaped the cold War. He has access to many first person accounts of conversations and letters written at the time, which other historians could only dream about. He knows little know facts and stories, some of which he witnessed with his own eyes. His coverage of the topic is thorough and complete. "

Tags:historical, value, objectivity, disparity, writing, style

Abstract
This paper addresses the crucial need for parental involvement in children's education. Based on relevant and extensive research and evaluation of reports by some of the experts in the related field, the paper will draw sound conclusions while synthesizing research findings.

Tags:EDUCATION / CURRICULUM THEORY AND ISSUES, parental involvement education

Abstract
This paper addresses the crucial issue of political alignment among Black middle-class families. It compares the attitudes of Black bourgeoisie in the 1950s with current Black liberal and conservative viewpoints on economic and racial issues. It contains an outline and a bibliography, with specific cited quotes throughout.

Tags:AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDIES / SPORTS, CULTURE, AND FAMILY, evolution black bougeoisie

Abstract
This paper describes how influential children's literature can be in forming ideas and stereotypes with relation to gender issues. It explains how crucial the early stages in life are in forming opinions of the society we live and grow up in.

From the paper:

Books are not only an important resource for helping to develop the language skills of a child, adding to his imagination by presenting to him new ideas and thoughts as well as to the child?s vocabulary by presenting to him or her new words and phrases. The books that a child reads also play a significant and important role in transmitting the culture of the society to the child of which the child is a member. An important part of the culture of the society where the child is born and grows up are the various gender roles. The way that genders are portrayed in the children?s books in this way contributes to the image children develop of their own role and that of their gender in society.

Tags:male, female, social, cultural, image

Abstract
This paper explains why economic development was such a crucial question in Eastern Europe during the period 1918-1939. The three countries discussed are Hungary, Poland, and Romania.

Tags:EUROPEAN STUDIES (HISTORY, CULTURE) / EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, development eastern europe