Abstract
A historiographical case study of "The Strange Career of Jim Crow" by C. Van Woodward. Racial segregation practices in the South. The book's thesis that Jim Crow laws in the South were the result of national notions of white supremacy, and not specifically tied to Southern mores and practices.

From the Paper
The Strange Career of Jim Crow C Van Woodward's The Strange Career of Jim Crow essentially followsthe chronology of racial segregation practices in the southern UnitedStates from the time of slavery through the s Throughout thediscussion Woodward relies

Tags:jim crow, racial segregation

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion

From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."

Tags:aryan, Nazi, slavery, race, holocaust

Abstract
This paper explains that poets and prophets have traditionally used animal figures to convey criticism of the existing culture, endowing the natural with metaphoric importance. The author points out that Hughes slowly shapes the crow into a sort of prototype for evolved humanity, representing both our worst and best traits. This paper discusses that Hughes's poems use the crow as a metaphor for humanity. The paper relates that Hughes's work appears to be that of a human being experiencing the life of a raven-bird; a fallen creature, a trickster, and a graveyard for the bodies of those he eats.

From the Paper
"It is in this poem in particular that one understands how the Crow might be seen as the shadow-self of human kind. He destroys everything around him in an attempt to destroy the "Black Beast" that the reader at least is becoming aware is the Crow himself. It is quite possible that humanity is the only species, which is its own worst enemy and predator. The greatest threats to humankind come from our own people, as the World Wars would have blatantly shown to Hughes. Repeatedly in the Crow poems, the bird looks at itself and its works in horror and sorrow. One can take examples from "The Black Beast" in which Crow hunts himself unknowingly in hunting the enemy, or from "Crow's Nerve Fails" in which he fully realizes the weight of murders that hang about his shoulders. Yet these are not the only examples."

Tags:predator, animals, metaphor, prototype, traits

Abstract
This paper explains that state laws called Jim Crow laws required or permitted separation of the races and denied the right to vote in spite of the Fifteenth Amendment, which was known as "disfranchisement." The author emphasizes that Lulu B. White was a female activist, an executive secretary of the Houston branch of the NAACP, and the state director of branches for the NAACP during the mid-20th century, when such activism was frequently met with white violence and retribution. The paper stresses that the life and accomplishments of Lulu B. White provide clear evidence that leaders are not born, but rather are made by the circumstances in which people find themselves.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Author's Main Thesis
Scope of the Book
Subject
Time Period
Geographical Scope
Critique of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Jim Crow and How it Affected Lula B. White
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The lingering effects of a failed Reconstruction were clearly apparent in this region of the country during this period in America's history. According to the author, "During the era of Jim Crow, in certain sections of this region, black males were expected to tip their hats in the presence of whites, even if they were walking on the opposite sides of the street. Well into the 1940s, railroad porters were required to pull down the window shades on the "colored" side of passenger cards as the train passed through Grand Saline, a community twenty miles east of Elmo, to prevent upstanding white citizens from looking at black faces." "

Tags:reconstruction, abolition, leader, law, disfranchisement

Abstract
A review of "The Strange Career of Jim Crow" by C. Vann Woodward. The paper explains the Jim Crow laws of segregation during the 1890's. The author analyzes the race relations of the 1800's and the division that existed in society.

From the Paper
"This book shows us the history of the Jim Crow laws and American race relations in general during the late 1800s up until the 1950s, and how they changed during these periods. Woodward convincingly shows that, even under slavery, the two races had not been divided as they were under the Jim Crow laws of the 1890s. In fact, during Reconstruction, there was considerable economic and political mixing of the races. The segregating of the races was relatively a new concept to the area. The time in our history when laws of segregation arose is referred to as the Jim Crow system and the laws, the Jim Crow laws. Thomas D. Rice wrote a song and dance in 1832 called 'Jim Crow,' and that is where the term originated."

Tags:history, reconstruction, slavery, woodward, division, society, north, south

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the racist legal codes established in the South after the end of the Civil War were commonly known as Jim Crow laws. The writer discusses that these laws were comprehensive, discriminatory, strict, and dealt with every aspect of Southern society.

From the Paper
"For example, passenger stations operated by railroad companies had to have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for Southern blacks. The conductors of passenger trains were authorized and required to segregate Southern blacks in separate cars or sections of cars."

Tags:laws

Abstract
This paper reviews the novel "The Crow Eaters" by Bapsi Sidhwa, which was the author's first novel and was well-received by critics and readers. According to the paper, the book was set in Pakistan in a setting familiar to the author from her own childhood, though moved back in time to the beginning of the twentieth century. The central characters in the novel are part of a Parsee family that moves from a rural village to the city of Lahore, leading through a series of events to a life of prosperity the family never dreamed possible.

From the Paper
"The novel The Crow Eaters by Bapsi Sidhwa was the author's first novel and was well-received by critics and readers. The book is set in Pakistan in a setting familiar to the author from her own childhood, though moved back in time to the beginning of the twentieth century. The central characters in the novel are part of a Parsee family that moves fro a rural village to the city of Lahore, leading through a series of events to a life of prosperity the family never dreamed possible. Social classes are key in this novel, with the social mobility of the family being the occasion for much of the satiric content in the story. The family consists of Faredoon Junglewalla, known as Freddy; his pregnant..."

Tags:sidhwa, pakistan, novel

Abstract
This paper looks at two different aspects of the evolution of African-American Social/Ethical thought: the Dred Scott decision and reaction to it, and the work of Sojourner Truth on antislavery and women's rights issues.

From the Paper
"The Dred Scott case was one which had a major impact on bringing the nation nearer to war. Mullane Dred Scott was a slave owned by army surgeon Dr John Emerson and accompanied him when he left his Missouri home to spend several years in Illinois and the Louisiana Purchase Territory, now Minnesota. Illinois at the time was a free state under the Northwest Ordinance as was the Louisiana Purchase Territory, but according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise, Missouri was a slave state..."

Tags:Dred Scott, Sojourner truth

Abstract
This paper looks at the influences that the writer's upbringing has on the writing of the play. The writer, of American Chinese descent, examines the delicate relationship between a Black maid and her Chinese boss. The writer manages to stress the common traits in people of different cultures.

From the Paper
"In this short play, Chinese-American author David Henry Hwang applies multi-cultural beliefs and observations to a simple setting, and in doing so ultimately brings forth a melding of worlds and dimensions. The title, "As the Crow Flies," indicates that a direct path is going to be used to arrive at a desired destination. Hwang uses humor as a tool to transcend the contrasting cultures and races, and to reveal universal similarities of people regardless of race or cultural stereotyping. His humor also keeps the audience completely unaware of all that is actually taking place in front of them until the final moment, and keeps them unprepared for the revelation of the inevitable destination symbolized by the crow."

Tags:death, ancestors, traditions, faith

Abstract
This paper is a reflection of the story by Richard Wright, "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow," and how racial discrimination, such as Jim Crow laws, still exist. The paper then explores racial profiling and how it exemplifies today's racial discrimination.

From the Paper
"After the Civil War and the abolition of slavery, African Americans seemed hopeful for a more just society filled with opportunities. However, instead, a secondary slavery took over as the Whites, especially of the South, felt the need to create a discriminating distinction between the Whites and Blacks. Jim Crow laws did just that, causing segregation and a feeling of inferiority among Negroes. After reading "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow" by Richard Wright, a first person narrative about living during the Jim Crow era, I felt the discrimination and obstacles Negroes had to face at that time. Wright describes the laws and regulations that Negroes had to abide by, which seem completely unconstitutional and completely detrimental to a harmonious society. Jim Crow laws were unconstitutional and immoral discrimination; and although proven so and abolished, the Jim Crow mentality is still prevalent today as evidenced by racial profiling."

Tags:discrimination, ethics, prejudice, richard, wright, racism, slavery, abolition