Abstract
The premise of this study is to argue against the absolutism of Virginia's laws that make it illegal for any type of cross burning. The paper discusses how the critical issue of racial intimidation through the Klu Klux Klan in "Virginia v. Black" provides a foundation for various leniencies by the Supreme Court to allow racial intimidation as a precursor for validating Virginia's laws, yet they correctly struck down the statute of cross burning as a blanket prohibition against the cultural milieu of Christianity in the state.

Tags:cross, burning, religion

Abstract
This paper reviews Richard Fletcher's book, "The Cross and the Crescent," which presents a history of the relations between Muslims and Christians. The reviewer sees Fletcher's work as coming at an opportune times, since today the West often feels a sense of hysteria regarding anything related to Islam. The reviewer sees the "The Cross and the Crescent" as providing important information about Islamic civilization and culture, presenting the Arab world in a more comprehensive way. The reviewer also describes the Muslim view of the Christian world, and concludes by citing Fletcher's opinion that both cultures influenced each other.

From the Paper
"Fletcher's book focuses on the attitude that the Muslims had regarding to the Christians and vice-versa more than to purely historical aspects. For example, he pays not so much attention to the historical events of the crusades, but to the effect they had on the Muslim population. The book provides a valuable insight to Islam and to the relations between Islam and Christianity."

Tags:Cross, and, the, Crescent, Richard, Fletcher, Christianity, Islam, West

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of non-profit disaster mitigation organization. Specifically, the paper analyzes the American Red Cross including the mission of the organization, its involvement in recent disasters, and funding issues. The paper also examines the Red Cross's relief and disaster efforts.

From the Paper
"The American Red Cross has been in existence since the nineteenth century. Organized by nurse Clara Barton, it has grown to be one of the premier disaster mitigation organizations in the country and the world. It is a non-partisan, humanitarian organization responds to all types of local and national emergencies, from families displaced by home fires to war and terrorism victims. Its mission is to step in during any time of disaster and provide food, clothing, shelter, and assistance to any victims of that disaster."

Tags:American, Red, Cross, disaster, management

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses cross-cultural communication and challenges that arise when people come together in a negotiation. The writer maintains that it is important to recognize the different agendas that individuals have in a negotiation and the prejudices that they bring with them to the table. The writer uses notes from video cases to analyze three different situations.

From the Paper
"This exercise demonstrated the challenges that arise when people come together in a negotiation. It is important to recognize the different agendas that individuals have in a negotiation and the prejudices that they bring with them to the table. The best negotiators are also those who are adept at dealing with egos-both at putting their own ego aside and recognizing how to appeal to the ego of others involved in the negotiations. In this way negotiation involves both sales skills and psychology. Threats although sometimes effective ..."

Tags:cross-cultural communication, negotiation

Abstract
This paper is a critical analysis of cross-cultural politeness using the Brown and Levinson's model as a basis for defining and understanding politeness and applying it to three Asian languages: Chinese; Cantonese and Japanese.

From the Paper
"What is politeness? If I propose that politeness be used as pragmatically terminology, the preferable definition is to be found in appropriateness. It can be also said to be universal only in the sense that every society has some sort of norms for the appropriate behavior, although these norms are vary. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a cross-cultural context by applying a well-known Brown and Levinson s model (1978 and revised in 1987), which has been applied in various settings, from casual services, encounters to EFL classrooms. However, Brown and Levinson s model (1978) has been criticized for being too geared to Western (especially American) notions of independence and, hence, for its limited applicability in Asian contexts. I have attempted in the following by first giving a general and brief account for Brown and Levinson s model (1978), and then try to apply and analyze the Brown and Levinson s model (1978) in three Asian languages: Chinese; Cantonese and Japanese. "

Tags:acts, brown, cantonese, chinese, comparison, culture, differences, face, japanese, levinson, politeness, threatening, cross-cultural

Abstract
If the purpose of social science, at large, involves the testing of possible theories and models for social improvement, it will have to contend with what at first appear to be complicating factors in increased numbers of places and situations in which cross or inter-cultural dynamics are at work.

Tags:cross-cultural, imperative

Abstract
This study explores the perceptions of a sample of 30 male and female collegiate students of the intelligence levels of observed females perceived by the sample subjects to be overweight. The author uses a convenience sample of 30 students present on a college campus, who complete a survey questionnaire after observing a female; cross-tabulation of the data is presented. This study concludes that people tend to make judgments concerning individual traits of persons whom they do not know based irrelevant factors.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review of Literature
Theoretical Background
Hypotheses
Sample Selection
Data Collection Method
Procedure
Results
Discussion
Summary
Appendix: Survey Questionnaire

From the Paper
"A number of models explain perception. The major difference between these models is the significance accorded in them to social influence. The social constructionist model accords the greatest level of importance to social influence, followed in order by the interactionist model and the organismic in according significance in the formation of perceptions to social influences. The organismic model posits that, in the development of perceptions, "social influences enter in only to elicit feeling, and to regulate expression." The interactionist model builds on the base of the organismic model to posit that social factors "enter not simply before and after but interactively during the experience of emotion." Thus, the interactionist model recognizes more "points of social entry" than are recognized by the organismic model."

Tags:models, sample, cross-tabulation, questionnaire, judgment

Abstract
This paper discusses marketing research and potential ethical issues. The paper addresses the ethical issues that relate to a survey or questionnaire respondent not being able to recall responding to the research instrument. The paper also addresses the justification of using such marketing research tools as the frequency distribution, cross-tabulation, and the simple t-test.

From the Paper
"This document discusses marketing research and potential ethical issues. The ethical issues relate to a survey or questionnaire respondent not being able to recall responding to the research instrument. The second issue is the justification of using such marketing research tools as the frequency distribution, cross-tabulation, and the simple t-test. In the event that a marketing research study respondent cannot recall being interviewed for the project, then the researcher has an ethical..."

Tags:marketing, research, ethics

Abstract
This dissertation is a complete and thorough piece on strategies for airlines. Its thesis is that airline strategies to keep costs and flights down vary when compared to other modes of transport. This paper looks at many themes including how airlines promote low-cost flights, how airlines market low-cost flights, what the business model looks like, etc. Throughout the paper is a large collection of data charts to provide visuals for the study. In addition, it offers research and case studies to show failed and what succeeded.

Outline:
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of the low cost airline model
1.2 Ryan Air
1.3 EasyJet
1.4 Wizzair
1.5 Purpose of the research
1.6 Aims and Objectives
Chapter 2: Literature review
2.1 Emergence of low cost carriers
2.2 Market deregulation
2.3 Network expansion
2.4 Competitive advantages
2.5 Customer satisfaction
2.6 Marketing success
2.7 Types of network
2.8 Extended marketing mix
2.9 Ryanair
2.10 Summary
Chapter 3: Methodology and procedures
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Primary Research
3.3 Analysis Method
3.4 Secondary Research
3.5 Purpose of Research
Chapter 4: Results
4.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.1.1 In-depth interviews
4.1.2 Business user
4.1.3 Housewife
4.1.4 Student
4.2 Descriptive Analysis of the Questionnaire
4.3 Data Analysis and Interpretation
4.4 Frequency Analysis
4.5 Cross Tabulation Analysis
Chapter 5: Discussion
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Limitations
5.3 Recommendations
Chapter 6: Reflection
References
Appendix I Questionnaire
Appendix 2 Proposal
Appendix 3: Ethics form
Appendix 4: Dissertation log

From the Paper
"Marketing success for low cost airlines lies in their ability to provide services in a short-time. Different airlines can use different type of marketing routes for their own benefits. Those airlines which travel to and from hub-based destinations will face less competition (Doganis, 1995). All other major destinations are linked to the main city which makes it simple. For example, Southwest Airlines concentrates its marketing strategy on high density short markets. These markets are served at high frequency. It operates around six to seven daily departures on each of its routes. The high flight frequency attempts to earn high market share for the low cost airlines. The competition forces some low cost airlines to close down their hubs. The cost saving comes from higher density in seating arrangement and lower commission payments to travel agents. The actual booking can be done individually and more efficiently by different customer groups. Those customers whose IT skills are less advanced will require assistance in registration from agents. The use of non-expensive downtown airports can contribute to lower ticket cost as well (Doganis, 1985)."

Tags:Marketing, Low-cost Airlines, Strategy, Thesis, Dissertations

Abstract
This paper proposes a research study to test two specific research hypotheses: (1) Children who live in families with hierarchical communication patterns will be more likely to view televised acts of violence positively than will children from families with open communication patterns and (2) children who live in families with hierarchical communication patterns will be more likely to engage in acts of violence than will children living in families with open communication patterns. The paper also discusses data analysis and anticipated results.

From the Paper
"In addition to the nine self-report attitudinal items on the survey, data regarding the gender, ethnicity, and family constellation of each respondent will also be collected. Specifically, the participating teacher will indicate these variables on each survey and will also identify the degree to which each respondent has engaged in verbally or physically aggressive and/or violent behavior in the classroom, using classroom records and school disciplinary referrals to identify the number and type of acting-out behaviors observed in the course of the present school year."

Tags:HCP, cross-tabulations