Abstract
In comparing the distinct urban forms of Toronto's outer and inner regions - as represented by the areas of Hwy 7 & West Beaver Creek and Yonge & Bloor - one is initially struck by the similarities between the two areas in terms of the dominance of recent concrete constructions and high flows of vehicular traffic. This being said, as this report will reveal, a critical perspective will show fundamental differences beneath this similarity that relate to the density of construction, the built form of both areas, the land use and how street traffic is organized in both cases. In this analysis, we will see how a combination of factors have rendered the central city area highly distinct from the outer area of the city.

From the Paper
A Cross-Section Comparison of Toronto: Outer and Central City Areas Introduction In comparing the distinct urban forms of Toronto's outer and inner regions - as represented by the areas of Hwy 7 & West Beaver Creek and Yonge & Bloor - one is initially struck by the similarities between the two areas in terms of the dominance of recent concrete constructions and high flows of vehicular traffic. This being said, as this report will reveal, a critical perspective will show fundamental differences beneath this similarity that relate to the density of construction, the built form of

Tags:section, urbana, toronto

Abstract
This paper presents a section-by-section review of the anthropology textbook, "Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspectives," compiled by Caroline B. Brettell and Carolyn F. Sargent. The paper provides examples from each chapter of the book. Each section of the book deals with the myriad and diverse studies of gender.

From the Paper
"One very interesting angle on the study of man and woman in prehistory is provided by Lila Leibowitz ("Perspectives on the Evolution of Sex Differences"), who provided a detailed account of primates? male-female roles. In the end, after writing an intriguing article, Leibowitz concludes that there is currently a "distorted" collection of evidence as to the gender roles in primates. Her hypothesis is very compelling, and she does not seem to be elitist in the least (which sometimes happens with scholars whose knowledge far surpasses the lay person). She explains that her hypothesis is presented in response ?to a spate of evolutionary theories which stress that our sex-role destiny along with our sexual anatomy was settled a long time ago.? Clearly she does not espouse a rigid view of the evolution of physical differences between men and women, and how sex roles came about. She calls for more study of the existing data."

Tags:sex, roles, evolution

Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews the five sections of "Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective," written by Caroline Brettell and Carolyn Sargent. The paper specifically focuses on the topics presented in the novel of the demands made of women, imbalances between genders, the power that women hold in society, whether or not women have a voice in society and exactly how many men perceive themselves.

From the Paper
"The final section of this text is the introductions that are included at the beginning of every section in order to give some background information on, as well as the context of, the issue that is being discussed. Since there are so many different issues regarding the anthropology of gender, the context of what is being discussed is very important so that the reader is able to articulate the ideas in an effective manner. Those who are not experienced in the subject might not yet have the skills to decipher exactly what the issue is and why is it so important, so these introductions are a very good way to get this point across. These introductions also include a reference list, which are present in order to give both the teacher and the student the opportunity to do further readings on the subject, which could open up a variety of essay questions and discussion topics. This is important because it does not limit the course material to what is present in the textbook, but expands it further, into areas that the student would otherwise not know about. One of the most effective learning techniques is to experience things from a variety of different points of view, and the inclusion of this reference list does this by providing these different points of view. There is always something to discuss and always something to question, and this textbook provides a number of different sources to look into when deciding what exactly should be discussed in class."

Tags:inequality, society, gender, sexuality, relationship

Abstract
This paper examines the traditional German family structure and how it is connected to larger cultural values of German society as a whole. It discusses its customs, celebrations and its concept of family. The paper explains that German society is generally patriarchal and continues to explore the traditional role of women in German society. The author explores the impact of industrialization, WWII and the Holocaust on society.

From the Paper
"It is difficult to present an accurate overview of any large cultural group because there are in any such group a range of expressions of the common culture. However this important cave aside it is certainly possible to distinguish broad cultural difference ..."

Tags:german, family, culture, children

Abstract
In his ethnography "The Forest People," Colin Turnbull has done an excellent job of providing details of the different aspects of the BaMbuti. This essay gives a descriptive analysis of three cultural traits of the BaMbuti's culture from a functionalist perspective. The three topics discussed in this paper include politics, economics, and religion. There are many examples that could be included within each topic; however, for the purpose of this paper, it focuses mainly on one particular example for each section.

From the Paper
"With regards to political organization, the BaMbuti is a tightly knit hunter-gatherer tribe that has its own unique set of checks and balances. From a structural-functionalist perspective, peoples of the BaMbuti have no formal political authority; there are neither formal written laws, nor law enforcement agencies needed in the BaMbuti's relatively simple social structure. To the BaMbuti, cooperation is key concerning decisions affecting the group as a whole (Turnbull 124)."

Tags:figureheads, Belgian, Epulu, hunter

Abstract
The paper discusses the United States' serious nursing crisis and predictions that this trend will only get worse in the future, showing that the changing demographics of an aging population are largely to blame. The paper also shows that nursing shortages are greater in areas requiring higher levels of education, such as Masters or Doctorate Degrees and that not enough nurses are pursuing educational paths to fill this need. Congress has offered tuition reimbursement and grant programs to help fund higher education and Nursing Associations are working to create faster tracks to a careers in nursing. Other methods discussed are media campaigns which have highlighted the advantages of nursing. This research examines the factors that influence a nurse's decision to pursue higher education and gives insight as to how to eliminate some of the barriers that prevent them from entering into higher education.

Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Scope of the Nursing Shortage
What is Being Done?
Have these Measures Been Effective?
Motivating Factors for Nurses to Pursue Continuing Education
The Traditional Career Path
Distance Learning and the Nursing shortage
What this Research Hopes to Answer
Methodology
Data Collection
Subject Selection Criteria
Data Analysis
Assumptions
Limitations
Biases
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Distance learning offers many advantages over traditional programs. The first advantage is cost. As distance learning facilities do not have the high costs of maintaining all of those classrooms as in a traditional setting, they have lower over head costs and can offer their services at a much lower rate. Convenience is the biggest advantage. Many nursing students start families and must begin working as soon as they obtain their license. They often have many job and family responsibilities that would prevent them from having a career and going to school, without sacrificing family or professional life. Distance learning allows them to work at home, many times at their own pace, and still enjoy the benefits of family and professional life."

Tags:AACN, Labor, Statistics, FNHP, TriCouncil, Distance, Learning

Abstract
This paper explains that, in spite of so many Pulse Polio Campaigns in Bihar, India, the polio virus has not been eradicated; however, when integrated with other state interventions like routine immunization, a faster eradication of polio disease might be achieved. After the literature review, the author describes the econometric methodology for this study, which uses both time series and cross sectional analysis. The paper concludes that the research indeed does indicate that, while the Pulse polio campaigns need to be continued, the emphasis of the state government should be more on the coverage of routine immunization. Maps, equations, figures and statistical tables are included in the paper.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Table of Contents
Introduction
Need for Study
Objectives
Hypothesis
Limitations
Chapterization
Literature Review
The Linkage between Polio and Routine Immunization
The Vaccine Derived Virus - Risk of Over Exposure
Lack of Logistic Support for Polio Campaigns
Polio and Hygiene & Sanitation - A Case for IPV
Problems of Full Immunization - Surveillance and Record
Immunization and Local Resistance - Role of Media
Oral Polio Vaccine and AIDS
Polio Vaccination Post Eradication
Data and Methodology
Methodology
Time Series Model
Cross Sectional Model
Endogeneity of the Variables
Dummy Variables
Data Source
Assumptions
Expected Outcome
Findings
Findings from the Time Series Data
Findings from the Cross Section Data
District Level Cross Sectional Analysis
The Pulse Polio Campaigns
Full immunization
Supervision of Polio Campaigns
Population and Migration
Economic
Other Institutional Factors
Block Level Cross Sectional Analysis
Conclusion and Policy Recommendations

From the Paper
"The above argument was further reinforced when the dummy variable analysis of this variable was undertaken. While the coefficient of dummy came significant at 30% (meaning when every district has achieved an RI coverage of more than 30%), the variable fullimmunhat itself became insignificant. However, when the dummy was raised to 38% the variable immunhat gained significance at 18% with dummy also coming significantly negative. There are no districts beyond 40% RI coverage (except Bhagalpur) thus further dummy analysis could not be undertaken. This however points out that if there is a threshold for RI coverage , it is roughly around 40-42% .This means that the state should quickly achieve a Routine Immunization coverage of average 40% from the present average level of 23.4% in all districts ( particularly the polio prone districts ) if it has to eradicate polio menace.
"It is worth mentioning that the RI coverage pre-existed the Pulse Polio Campaigns and it will certainly outlast them. Fighting Polio before fighting DPT and Measles would have made sense if our general RI coverage was handsome (say > 80). This is our major policy fallacy that we never thought of integrating the polio campaigns with the RI coverage."

Tags:interventions linkage, logistic support, sanitation resources

Abstract
This paper paper reviews three recent articles on the topic of homosexuality . It discusses Charles Kaiser's article, "The Long Road to Invisibility," which deals with the question of "visibility" and the history of the general awareness of and acceptance of homosexuality within general society in America. It looks at an unattributed article in "The Economist", "Latin American Gays: Living La Vida Loca," which deals with homosexuality in Latin America, a society which emphasizes and prizes conventional masculinity. The third article, Lee A. Beaty's "Identity Development of Homosexual Youth and Parental and Familial Influences on the Coming Out Process," is a literature research article on the coming out process and the influence of family acceptance in homosexual psychology. It examines how all three provide an interesting cross-section of some of the issues related to this alternate but increasingly accepted lifestyle.

From the Paper
"Charles Kaiser's article, "The Long Road to Invisibility," looks at the history of social acceptance of homosexuality throughout the last two-thirds of the twentieth century through the eyes of pioneering gay activist Frank Kameny. He (2000, April 30) begins with an overview of 1930 to 1960, "one of the darkest of the dark ages for gay people in America" (p. 26). Overtly homosexual characters were absent from films and books, and those whose behavior was even slightly suspect were tragically doomed. Homosexuals had no positive role models to indicate that they could live happy, productive lives."

Tags:gays, society, latin, america, family

Abstract
This paper explores the works of two scholars in regulation analysis, Robert Baldwin and Martin Cave. The paper presents their arguments about whether or not there can be 'good' regulation, what this means and how regulation can be defined and practiced in developed and developing countries. Problems in achieving the essentials of regulation are discussed and recommendations are made drawing on a wide cross-section of case-studies and examples from the U.S., U.K., Africa, the Caribbean and South East Asia.

From the Paper
"The topic of regulation is one of elusive character, both in conceptual meaning and in practice. Given the fact that regulation is eclectic and multidisciplinary, the idea of good regulation is difficult to be achieved considering many factors such as the public and private sectors as well as voluntary or community groups and even academics to whom such "good regulation" might mean different things. Contributing to this mode of dissension is the fact that economists and political scientists seem to treat regulation differently, as the former accentuate regulation for efficiency and the latter concentrate on the matter of public interest."

Tags:baldwin, caribbean, cave, developed, developing, globalization, science, social, telecommunications

Abstract
The book is about the generation of Americans who fought World War II, maintained society at home during World War II, overcame the Great Depression and rebuilt the nation of America. It is designed to pay tribute to and make people aware of just what this generation of men and women did for America and how they contributed to the society we have today. This paper describes the battles of the generation via first-person accounts, the battles fought in the war itself and those who fought at home. It also examines how the generation is represented by a cross-section of stories.

From the Paper
"The nature of the book in the form of personal accounts is one reason the book can be questioned for its accuracy. While the book does use many accounts, the question must be asked, how many accounts did the author have to select from. With his purpose being to show what Americans of this generation did, it is natural that he is going to choose the stories of either those that became famous in some way or those that have heroic stories to tell. While the book proposes to be a cross-section of stories, this cross-section does not really represent the generation as a whole, instead it represents those that did the most."

Tags:society, world, war, II, great, depression, battle