Abstract This paper discusses the phenomenon of circadian rhythms. First, it discusses exactly what circadian rhythms are. The paper then discusses how the brain and environment regulate circadian rhythms. Next, the paper looks at why people sleep. Finally, the paper discusses the factors that affect how much time people sleep and are awake.
From the Paper "Whether asleep or awake, busy with daily activities such as work, play, or eating, humans show a very complex, yet very base, form of evolutionary progress. This evolution has allowed human beings to adapt to the natural 24-hour day/night routine that is dictated by the sun's rising and setting, and also dictates when certain activities must be done. This paper will look at the biological rationale for such activity, a process known as circadian rhythm. First, circadian rhythm will be defined and explained. Then, the brain and the environment's affectations upon circadian rhythms will be discussed. Third, the reasons why human beings must sleep will be studied. Finally, the essay will investigate the factors that dictate the time invested in sleep and awake states. Circadian rhythm is what has allowed human beings to adapt to the 24-hour cycle that makes up day and night in this world."
Abstract The paper maintains that Stott's book, "The Cross of Christ," is an important book. For those Christians who want to further explore the meaning behind the Cross and behind Christ's death, it is a thought-provoking resource. The paper explains how Stott makes a very good case for the Cross being more than simply important, but rather that it is a vital part of Christianity. Without the Cross, Stott argues that Christianity as we know it would not exist. The paper is of the opinion that after reading this book, it is difficult to argue with this perspective.
From the Paper "John R. W. Stott takes the position that the Cross is essential to Christianity. He makes his convincing argument by dividing the discussion into four parts, discussing the Cross as a symbol, the need for forgiveness, the spiritual benefits that the Cross has provided to believers and finally, on the practical and earthly teachings that the Cross can offer. Stott does not have all the answers on the subject of Christ's Cross. However, the book is a thoughtful and complex study offering suggestions on the subject of the Cross upon which Christ died. The Cross is important, Stott states, because it performs more than the single function of being the method of execution favored by the Romans."
Abstract This paper explains Wal-Mart's proprietary cross-docking system as part of a global supply chain management system. The paper describes advantages of the technique of cross-docking, how this innovation supports the replenishment of Wal-Mart stores.
From the Paper "Cross-docking is a relatively new and extremely effective technique used in global supply chain management. This technique can rapidly consolidate shipments from different sources and reduce the cost of outbound transportation by eliminating the inventory-holding function of a warehouse without hampering its consolidation and shipping functions. An important adjunct to the warehouse management systems now in use in many industries, Hill Fig cross-docking eliminates several intermediate steps in the warehousing process."
Tags:cross-docking, Wal-Mart, warehouse management system, global supply chain management
Abstract This paper discusses the relaxation by the Australian authorities of cross-media and foreign ownership laws. The debate seems to balance out as to the number of the pros and cons and the weight of the arguments of each side. However, sifting through the arguments the paper shows that they meet halfway on the need to protect media against excess concentration of power and foreign influence. On these concerns, the Australian government seems to draw lessons from the media liberalization programs of other developed countries, which are allowing cross-media ownership and foreign participation up to more manageable limits and only in specific media areas where activities are calculated to pose lesser risks. The paper concludes that the problem is that, despite these safeguards, people will always look at media deregulation with suspicion and misgiving because of the sensitive nature of this industry.
From the Paper "After Lord Morley left journalism to join government service in the early stages of the development of media in UK, there is an oft-quoted remark made to him by Kennedy Jones, co-founder of the venerable Daily Mail. "You left journalism a profession. We made it a branch of commerce," Jones told Morley. The equally famous rejoinder was: "The more, the pity." One view in effect exults that media has evolved into a business proposition, where profit takes precedence over its traditionally loftier priorities. The other opinion looks with sadness at such commercialization of journalism, implying that this is inimical to public interest.
That pithy exchange from the past captures the essence of the present-day debate in Australia triggered by the government announcement of plans to deregulate media after 20 years of controls on foreign ownership and cross-media transactions. The Morley-Jones clash of views between the public service and business orientation of media deferred to old UK conditions, but the same hairsplitting still rings true today and continues to reverberate throughout the world as economic opportunities diminish and competition for scarce resources tighten up. Since almost all sectors of national economies have been served up for foreign interests in the universal drive to generate much-needed foreign investment, governments in many parts of the world, both developed and underdeveloped, are fixing their attention on the media industry as the last remaining enticement for foreign investors. As Australian Sen. Ron Walker puts it: "Media has become the last major industry begging for reform to bring it to the 21st century." By inference, the senator is batting for a new scheme that would keep Australian media in step with the times by allowing foreign investment into the arena."
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of non-profit disaster mitigation organization. Specifically, the paper analyzes the American Red Cross including the mission of the organization, its involvement in recent disasters, and funding issues. The paper also examines the Red Cross's relief and disaster efforts.
From the Paper "The American Red Cross has been in existence since the nineteenth century. Organized by nurse Clara Barton, it has grown to be one of the premier disaster mitigation organizations in the country and the world. It is a non-partisan, humanitarian organization responds to all types of local and national emergencies, from families displaced by home fires to war and terrorism victims. Its mission is to step in during any time of disaster and provide food, clothing, shelter, and assistance to any victims of that disaster."
Abstract This paper reviews Richard Fletcher's book, "The Cross and the Crescent," which presents a history of the relations between Muslims and Christians. The reviewer sees Fletcher's work as coming at an opportune times, since today the West often feels a sense of hysteria regarding anything related to Islam. The reviewer sees the "The Cross and the Crescent" as providing important information about Islamic civilization and culture, presenting the Arab world in a more comprehensive way. The reviewer also describes the Muslim view of the Christian world, and concludes by citing Fletcher's opinion that both cultures influenced each other.
From the Paper "Fletcher's book focuses on the attitude that the Muslims had regarding to the Christians and vice-versa more than to purely historical aspects. For example, he pays not so much attention to the historical events of the crusades, but to the effect they had on the Muslim population. The book provides a valuable insight to Islam and to the relations between Islam and Christianity."
Tags:Cross, and, the, Crescent, Richard, Fletcher, Christianity, Islam, West
Abstract This paper is a critical analysis of cross-cultural politeness using the Brown and Levinson's model as a basis for defining and understanding politeness and applying it to three Asian languages: Chinese; Cantonese and Japanese.
From the Paper "What is politeness? If I propose that 'politeness' be used as pragmatically terminology, the preferable definition is to be found in appropriateness. It can be also said to be universal only in the sense that every society has some sort of norms for the appropriate behavior, although these norms are vary. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a cross-cultural context by applying a well-known Brown and Levinson's model (1978 and revised in 1987), which has been applied in various settings, from casual services, encounters to EFL classrooms. However, Brown and Levinson's model (1978) has been criticized for being too geared to Western (especially American) notions of "independence" and, hence, for its limited applicability in Asian contexts. I have attempted in the following by first giving a general and brief account for Brown and Levinson's model (1978), and then try to apply and analyze the Brown and Levinson's model (1978) in three Asian languages: Chinese; Cantonese and Japanese. "
Abstract If the purpose of social science, at large, involves the testing of possible theories and models for social improvement, it will have to contend with what at first appear to be complicating factors in increased numbers of places and situations in which cross or inter-cultural dynamics are at work.
Abstract This paper analyzes Emanuel Leutze's 1851 painting "Washington Crossing the Delaware". The artwork is examined in terms of the subject chosen and how the artist used light, color, form, mood and symbolism to recreate the historic event on canvas.
Abstract The paper examines Bill Evans' life and career, musical influences, and a sampling of his compositions and performances that show strong cross-cultural elements. The paper analyzes three of his most cross-cultural albums; "Symbiosis", "Bill Evans Trio with Symphony Orchestra" and "From Left to Right". The paper concludes that more research should be done on this aspect of Evans' music, as knowing the cross-cultural influences can help us grasp the complexities and beauty of his style.
Outline:
Introduction
Bill Evans' Life and Early Career
Bill Evans' Cross-Cultural Influences
Three Cross-Cultural Albums
Conclusions
From the Paper "Without question, Bill Evans is one of the greatest musicians of all time. He has been called a "poet of the piano" because of the incredible sensitivity and lyricism he brought to jazz piano playing, and also because of the complexity, richness, and sophistication he brought to jazz harmonies . During his twenty-five year career in the post-bop era, spanning from 1955-1980, he recorded over seventy albums, both as a sideman for other artists and as a leader of his own ensembles. Bill Evans' music touched fans from all over the world because he played on extensive concert tours, both within the United States and abroad. He also received accolades from critics and the public alike, winning the Down Beat Critic's Poll five times, six Grammy awards for his albums, the Melody Maker award in 1968, and Scandinavia's Edison Award and Japan's Swing Journal award in 1969."
Abstract This paper examines how the circadian rhythm is a very important biological rhythm to every living organism on Earth except for plants. The paper relates that circadian rhythm is important to different bodily functions and allows organisms to keep a mental clock of the world around them. The paper also looks at how our circadian rhythm is affected by different stimuli and how it prepares us for the next 24-hour day.
From the Paper "Disruptions in circadian rhythms can have an effect on serious situations in the professional world. As noted above in the example of workers who are at risk of disruptions in their biological clocks due to late night hours, such as truck drivers and night shift security guards, workers must regulate strict sleep schedules in order to perform the best to their ability at their jobs. It is very dangerous for truck drivers to not get adequate sleep if they are driving long distances throughout the night because it puts both the truck driver and other drivers on the road at risk while driving. Truck drivers can easily fall asleep, swaying off the road and causing horrific traffic accidents that can pose serious threats on highways. Security guards on the other hand, especially ones who guard entrances to buildings, malls, stores, and private communities, must remain awake to ensure no suspicious individuals or criminals enter the facilities they are guarding."
This paper discusses three Internet sites that examine the role "biological clocks", or circadian rhythms, play in regulating the human body's internal activities.
Abstract This paper explains that an important point that is illustrated in the "Biological Clocks, Brain Briefings" web site is the role that light, specifically sunlight, plays in affecting the activities, not only of humans, but also of mammals in general. The author points out that the Circadian Rhythm Information Web centers its attention on circadian rhythm disorders and provides three categories containing links to web sites that provide information about the topic. The paper concludes that further studies about this phenomenon may be applied to the studies of jet lag and alteration of biological clocks in the context of aging.
From the Paper "The article cites scientific experiments conducted on animals to illustrate how circadian rhythms, and any alteration or irregularity in its pattern, may result to changes in the body's internal rhythm. The article's simple, yet illustrative, explanation of circadian rhythm disorders among animals show how sleeping disorders such as jet lags are understood on a scientific basis. Apart from circadian rhythm disorders, the article also centered its discussion on the biochemical reactions that take place in the human body in response to these circadian rhythms."
Abstract The paper presents the thesis that Tim O'Brien's "The Things They Carried" depicts Jimmy Cross' journey from boyhood to manhood and reveals a character marked by youth's naivete, unshared love, war, death and the feeling of guilt. The paper discusses the common features he shares with other soldiers regarding his young age, his lack of experience and his misinterpretation of the war. The paper also considers the differences between Jimmy Cross and the other soldiers, Martha's mark on Lieutenant Jimmy Cross and how Lieutenant Cross copes with the death of Ted Lavender.
Outline:
Abstract
Similarity to other soldiers
Differences between Jimmy Cross and the other soldiers
Martha's mark on Lieutenant Jimmy Cross Lieutenant Cross' coping with the death of Ted Lavender
From the Paper "The Things They Carried is the first of a series of short stories that depict soldiers' lives during war times. The stories are based on author Tim O'Brien's own experience with war and his own charter is sometimes included in part of the writings. The short story revolves around a platoon of soldiers fighting in Vietnam and the things they carry with them (not only the actual things but also what they carry in their mind)."
Abstract A discussion of the human sexuality of cross-dressing as it relates to psychology. The paper investigates the findings published in several books and journals concerning cross-dressing. The research also focuses on the treatments that are available for individuals that cross-dress and their families. The paper begins by defining cross-dressing and the psychological factors that can lead to the behavior.
From the Paper "Defining Cross Dressing can be a rather arduous task because it is a complex subject. One of the main topics that come to mind when addressing the subject is gender identity. (Bullough) A book entitled, Cross Dressing, Sex and Gender, explains that gender identity ?is the total perception of the individual about his or her own gender. It includes a basic personal identity as a boy or girl, man or woman, as well as personal judgments about the individual's level of conformity to the societal norms of masculinity and femininity.? (Bullough). The author goes on to explain that gender roles or the way that men and women are seen in society, can also contribute to cross dressing behavior."
