Abstract This paper explains that the current debate about the legitimacy of crossburning under state law has been a conflicting issue with the primary constitutional provisions, which protect a person's right to freedom of speech under the First Amendment. The author points out that the critical issue of racial intimidation by the Klu Klux Klan (KKK) in the case of "Virginia v. Black" provides a foundation for various leniencies by the Supreme Court to allow racial intimidation as a precursor for validating Virginia's laws, although they correctly struck down the statute of crossburning as a blanket prohibition against the cultural milieu of Christianity in the state. The paper concludes that the premise of racial intimidation portrays a contextual denial of the right to burn a cross at a KKK rally, but the religious nature of Virginia's law violated the Fist Amendment of the Constitution.
From the Paper "This perspective has brought great controversy over the use of derogatory language as a basis for intimidation, but since the Virginia law did not provide any type of deeper semantics to the issue of the "breach of peace" the Supreme Court deemed it unconstitutional to prevent cross burning. The premise of religious freedom took a precedence in this ruling, since the very language of the Constitution does not deny any type of freedom of religious expression, but only if it does not physically harm another person. Perhaps, the ruling of "Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire" goes against this form of intimidation as an exception."
Tags: state, klu klux klan, absolutism religious contextual
Abstract This paper reviews a court case involving flag burning and free speech as examined by author Robert Goldstein, who frames the issue of flag burning as a symbolic fight over a symbol. The author points out the positions of Justices William Brennan and Antonin Scalia and Chief Justice William Rehnquist. The paper includes several analyses of the significance and implications of the case.
From the Paper In the case of Texas v Johnson, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the state of Texas could not prosecute Gregory Lee Johnson for burning the flag without violating the First Amendment."
Abstract This three page undergraduate paper examines Faulkner's short story, "Barn Burning." The author notes that in detailing the distinctive formal characteristics of William Faulkner's short story, 'Barn Burning', it is evident that these characteristics reveal the modernist elements in the story. The form Faulkner used in telling the tale of Sarty Snopes and his family is typical of modernist approaches to literature, for he utilized a stream-of-consciousness narrator and created scenes where the action took place in culturally degenerate settings.
From the Paper "In detailing the distinctive formal characteristics of William Faulkner's short story, "Barn Burning" it is evident that these characteristics reveal the modernist elements in the story. The form Faulkner used in telling the tale of Sarty Snopes and his family is typical of modernist approaches to literature, for he utilized a stream-of-consciousness narrator and created scenes where the action took place in culturally degenerate settings. These distinctive formal characteristics of modernist literature were incorporated by Faulkner into "Barn Burning'' because he considered that modernist literary devices were necessary in order to portray his characters exactly the same way as he envisioned them."
Abstract The paper presents a review of the movie "Mississippi Burning" that focuses on the 1964 brutal murder of three civil rights workers, and the terrorist actions of the Ku Klux Klan and the FBI.
From the Paper The movie Mississippi Burning presents a fictional account of the very real tragedy that occurred in Philadelphia Mississippi in June of when three civil rights advocates were murdered by the Ku Klux Klan KKK..."
Abstract This book review describes the theme shared by both "Barn Burning" and "Araby" about the conflict between a protagonists' inner conceptions of what the external world should be like, and the actual reality of their respective circumstances. The review includes a plot summary of both novels, with a focus on the theme of inner conflict. The reviewer concludes that each of these stories tells the tale of a young boy being introduced to adulthood by having his innermost conceptions of truth coming into conflict with the very real circumstances of his life.
From the Paper " In "Araby," the narrator becomes increasingly consumed by idealistic and romantic thoughts of Mangan's sister as the story progresses. There is a tumultuous mingling of the realities in the narrator's life, and the imaginary and exotic dreams that come to dominate his thoughts. Of course, this dangerous combination centers upon Mangan's sister; she represents both the exciting and the mundane. This is fundamentally because although she is a part of the ordinary atmosphere of northern Dublin, she remains something strange and somehow unattainable for the main character."
Abstract The paper maintains that Stott's book, "The Cross of Christ," is an important book. For those Christians who want to further explore the meaning behind the Cross and behind Christ's death, it is a thought-provoking resource. The paper explains how Stott makes a very good case for the Cross being more than simply important, but rather that it is a vital part of Christianity. Without the Cross, Stott argues that Christianity as we know it would not exist. The paper is of the opinion that after reading this book, it is difficult to argue with this perspective.
From the Paper "John R. W. Stott takes the position that the Cross is essential to Christianity. He makes his convincing argument by dividing the discussion into four parts, discussing the Cross as a symbol, the need for forgiveness, the spiritual benefits that the Cross has provided to believers and finally, on the practical and earthly teachings that the Cross can offer. Stott does not have all the answers on the subject of Christ's Cross. However, the book is a thoughtful and complex study offering suggestions on the subject of the Cross upon which Christ died. The Cross is important, Stott states, because it performs more than the single function of being the method of execution favored by the Romans."
Abstract This paper explains Wal-Mart's proprietary cross-docking system as part of a global supply chain management system. The paper describes advantages of the technique of cross-docking, how this innovation supports the replenishment of Wal-Mart stores.
From the Paper "Cross-docking is a relatively new and extremely effective technique used in global supply chain management. This technique can rapidly consolidate shipments from different sources and reduce the cost of outbound transportation by eliminating the inventory-holding function of a warehouse without hampering its consolidation and shipping functions. An important adjunct to the warehouse management systems now in use in many industries, Hill Fig cross-docking eliminates several intermediate steps in the warehousing process."
Tags:cross-docking, Wal-Mart, warehouse management system, global supply chain management
Abstract This paper discusses the relaxation by the Australian authorities of cross-media and foreign ownership laws. The debate seems to balance out as to the number of the pros and cons and the weight of the arguments of each side. However, sifting through the arguments the paper shows that they meet halfway on the need to protect media against excess concentration of power and foreign influence. On these concerns, the Australian government seems to draw lessons from the media liberalization programs of other developed countries, which are allowing cross-media ownership and foreign participation up to more manageable limits and only in specific media areas where activities are calculated to pose lesser risks. The paper concludes that the problem is that, despite these safeguards, people will always look at media deregulation with suspicion and misgiving because of the sensitive nature of this industry.
From the Paper "After Lord Morley left journalism to join government service in the early stages of the development of media in UK, there is an oft-quoted remark made to him by Kennedy Jones, co-founder of the venerable Daily Mail. "You left journalism a profession. We made it a branch of commerce," Jones told Morley. The equally famous rejoinder was: "The more, the pity." One view in effect exults that media has evolved into a business proposition, where profit takes precedence over its traditionally loftier priorities. The other opinion looks with sadness at such commercialization of journalism, implying that this is inimical to public interest.
That pithy exchange from the past captures the essence of the present-day debate in Australia triggered by the government announcement of plans to deregulate media after 20 years of controls on foreign ownership and cross-media transactions. The Morley-Jones clash of views between the public service and business orientation of media deferred to old UK conditions, but the same hairsplitting still rings true today and continues to reverberate throughout the world as economic opportunities diminish and competition for scarce resources tighten up. Since almost all sectors of national economies have been served up for foreign interests in the universal drive to generate much-needed foreign investment, governments in many parts of the world, both developed and underdeveloped, are fixing their attention on the media industry as the last remaining enticement for foreign investors. As Australian Sen. Ron Walker puts it: "Media has become the last major industry begging for reform to bring it to the 21st century." By inference, the senator is batting for a new scheme that would keep Australian media in step with the times by allowing foreign investment into the arena."
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of non-profit disaster mitigation organization. Specifically, the paper analyzes the American Red Cross including the mission of the organization, its involvement in recent disasters, and funding issues. The paper also examines the Red Cross's relief and disaster efforts.
From the Paper "The American Red Cross has been in existence since the nineteenth century. Organized by nurse Clara Barton, it has grown to be one of the premier disaster mitigation organizations in the country and the world. It is a non-partisan, humanitarian organization responds to all types of local and national emergencies, from families displaced by home fires to war and terrorism victims. Its mission is to step in during any time of disaster and provide food, clothing, shelter, and assistance to any victims of that disaster."
Abstract This paper reviews Richard Fletcher's book, "The Cross and the Crescent," which presents a history of the relations between Muslims and Christians. The reviewer sees Fletcher's work as coming at an opportune times, since today the West often feels a sense of hysteria regarding anything related to Islam. The reviewer sees the "The Cross and the Crescent" as providing important information about Islamic civilization and culture, presenting the Arab world in a more comprehensive way. The reviewer also describes the Muslim view of the Christian world, and concludes by citing Fletcher's opinion that both cultures influenced each other.
From the Paper "Fletcher's book focuses on the attitude that the Muslims had regarding to the Christians and vice-versa more than to purely historical aspects. For example, he pays not so much attention to the historical events of the crusades, but to the effect they had on the Muslim population. The book provides a valuable insight to Islam and to the relations between Islam and Christianity."
Tags:Cross, and, the, Crescent, Richard, Fletcher, Christianity, Islam, West
Abstract This paper is a critical analysis of cross-cultural politeness using the Brown and Levinson's model as a basis for defining and understanding politeness and applying it to three Asian languages: Chinese; Cantonese and Japanese.
From the Paper "What is politeness? If I propose that 'politeness' be used as pragmatically terminology, the preferable definition is to be found in appropriateness. It can be also said to be universal only in the sense that every society has some sort of norms for the appropriate behavior, although these norms are vary. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a cross-cultural context by applying a well-known Brown and Levinson's model (1978 and revised in 1987), which has been applied in various settings, from casual services, encounters to EFL classrooms. However, Brown and Levinson's model (1978) has been criticized for being too geared to Western (especially American) notions of "independence" and, hence, for its limited applicability in Asian contexts. I have attempted in the following by first giving a general and brief account for Brown and Levinson's model (1978), and then try to apply and analyze the Brown and Levinson's model (1978) in three Asian languages: Chinese; Cantonese and Japanese. "
Abstract If the purpose of social science, at large, involves the testing of possible theories and models for social improvement, it will have to contend with what at first appear to be complicating factors in increased numbers of places and situations in which cross or inter-cultural dynamics are at work.
Abstract This paper analyzes Emanuel Leutze's 1851 painting "Washington Crossing the Delaware". The artwork is examined in terms of the subject chosen and how the artist used light, color, form, mood and symbolism to recreate the historic event on canvas.
Abstract This paper explains that not all forms of speech are entitled to protection under the First Amendment's Freedom of Speech. The author points out that the Virginia vs. Black court cases determined that the Va. Code Ann. 18.2-423, which attempted to criminalize the burning of a cross, was unconstitutional not because burningcrosses, which are intended to intimidate are entitled to Constitutional protection, but because this Virginia statute permitted an illegal presumption that a burnedcross was prima facie evidence of intent to intimidate. The paper stresses that, nonetheless, in this case, the U.S. Supreme Court made it clear that it will no longer permit hate groups to hide behind the First Amendment when using speech or symbolic speech to threaten and intimidate.
From the Paper "The circumstances behind the charges against Elliot and O'Mara were different. Unlike Black, Elliot and O'Mara attempted to burn a cross on another's property. Prior to the cross-burning incident, Elliot had been heard by the victim shooting firearms in the backyard. Elliot and O'Mara were not affiliated with the Ku Klux Klan. O'Mara pleaded guilty and Elliot was convicted at trial. All three defendants challenged the constitutionality of Va. Code Ann. ?18.2-423, and it eventually came before the U.S. Supreme Court."
Abstract This paper explains that the main cause of pollution resulting from the use of fireplaces and wood burning stoves is produced when the wood does not completely combust, and instead ,releases gases, especially PM10, and particulate matters into the air in the form of smoke. The author points out that PM10 causes major lung damage, which is particularly harmful for young children and the elderly; wood smoke has been shown to be just as hazardous as cigarette smoke, and it should be taken just as seriously. The paper suggests that homeowners can prevent excessive pollution from their wood-burning stoves by starting their fires with a soft wood so that the fire burns quickly, by building a small hot fire, which quickly heats up the chimney and gets a good draft going, and by choosing a hard wood or manufactured logs, which burn longer and cleaner, emitting more heat and less creosote.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nature and Origin of the Problem
History and Current Status
Health Effects
Biological Effects
Standards and Regulations
Management and Remediation
Comparison with Other Heat Sources
Conclusion
From the Paper "Air pollution has a major impact on the environment in California because it affects many things from our health to our property, and ultimately the environment. When the issue of pollution arises, most associate the source of the problem to be large cities with thousands of polluting cars and dirty industries; however, the use of wood burning stoves has become an increasing source of severe air pollution in rural areas. Studies show that, "woodstoves release far more air pollution than heaters using other fuels." Not only does the wood smoke present health hazards for the people living in the area, it also clouds the air and reduces visibility."
