Abstract
This paper discusses how, as the world has evolved into a global marketplace, companies are increasingly looking outside of their borders for business opportunities and how more and more companies are conducting business abroad to achieve their financial aspirations and growth. This paper examines how culture plays a major part in cross-border negotiations and mergers and acquisitions. Several ways that culture can affect negotiations are discussed and several types of training and awareness of different cultures are presented. Geert Hofstede's dimensions of culture are also explained. Finally, the paper examines four countries whose negotiating styles are vastly different from the negotiating styles of United States business persons.

From the Paper
"Although negotiations between the same or very similar cultures may be difficult, negotiations with a different culture are more difficult. Business environments differ, including differences in local laws, regulations, foreign exchange rates and government controls. International deals also cross cultures. Cross-border deals include both opportunity and risk. Factoring cultural differences into the negotiation process to increase the likelihood of success has long been a critical issue with international deals. Globalization has led to cultural differences to be more important (Cellich & Jain, 2004, p. 11). It is imperative that negotiators conducting business abroad be familiar with the culture of the country they are doing business with. "

Tags:Hofstede, International, Business

Abstract
This paper explains that, besides the risks inherent in domestic operations, banks, which are engaged in international activities also are exposed to "country risk," or the risk that economic, social and political conditions and events in a foreign country will adversely affect an institution's financial interests. The author points out that, from a practical perspective, accurate and timely country risk assessment is important not only because it affects individual investors but also because it can be systemic; one of the primary purposes of financial regulation is to manage systemic risk. The paper states that the research will be done using a case study methodology to study various country risk/cross border risk management models adopted by a sample of international banks and to assess their robustness and how well they are associated with a framework of planned management actions and capital allocation decisions.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Overview of Study
Purpose of Study
Key Term Definitions
Capital Allocation Decision
Country Risk Ratings
Risk
Preliminary Literature Review
Background and Overview
Current and Future Trends
The Countries' Performance in International Trade
Leverage
Various measures of liquidity
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study

From the Paper
"A significant amount of cross-border lending takes place through offices in a bank's home country (or even one of its subsidiaries located in a third country), with no subsidiary (or even branch presence) located in the country in which the borrowing firm is headquartered. Retail banking requires a physical presence of some sort to provide points of contact with customers; by contrast, wholesale banking requires a much smaller investment. "For example, banks with no physical presence in a country can lend substantial volumes of funds to firms and governmental entities of that country through project finance and loan participations." The composition of borrowers will differ, though, depending on whether a foreign bank has a physical presence in a country or manages its loans from offshore locations."

Tags:domestic, country, systemic, case, models

Abstract
This paper examines the incidence of inter-regime marriages between Hong Kong and mainland China. The paper discusses when this trend started and analyzes the cultural, socioeconomic and geopolitical factors that lead to cross-border marriages between local-born Hong Kong men and mainland Chinese women. The paper also discusses the social environment problems such as cross-border concubines, marriage brokers and legal and illegal-increases in fake marriages of convenience as women marry into more desirable locations within and beyond China's borders, creating a shortage of brides in more remote rural regions.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review
Background of the Study
Cross-Border Marriages and Rationale in Choice of Partner
Inter-Regime Marriages
Reasons Men in Hong Kong Choose Wives from Mainland China
Cross-Border Marriages = Cross-Border Children
Legal Issues of Mainland Born Children with One Parent in Hong Kong
Basic Law Regulating Children Born Outside of Hong Kong with Parent in Hong Kong
Analysis of the "Mess" (Ho Hei-wa: Director of Society for Community Organization
Proponents of the Bill: Rationale
Uninitiated Queues and the Psychological Harm Caused to Waiting or Hiding Children
Geopolitical Aspects of Cross-Border Marriage
Summary & Conclusion

From the Paper
"Corruption is prevalent in a system that requires the payment of high bribes and fees for smuggling of children into a country in order that the children may be with their parents. The government that uses regulations in this matter is one that appears bent on completely breaking down the parent-child and family structure in Hong Kong and mainland China. The red-tape and bureaucracies existing in a system that does not meet queue quotas is one that perpetuates bribery and smuggling of human beings. Furthermore, these types of regulations do not support the country economically as exampled in the cases of parents unable to work because they are the only parent available to the children due to the entry requirements and regulations in Hong Kong. Certainly, it would be more efficient to invest in more schools and teachers than to force parents into welfare situations when they would rather be working and the country as a whole would be more productive and this is not even to factor in the psychological harm caused to these children who are forced to hide while being smuggled, to live underground so as not to be discovered in Hong Kong and then there are the children who are dragged in handcuffs and repatriated to a homeland they have never known but due to regulations are forced to enter into and live among strangers."

Tags:culture, smuggling, concubines, brides

Abstract
This paper discusses border security, which it asserts has been an issue for many countries for some time. While the threat of cross-border terrorism has added to the concerns, security is also an economic issue both for the country being invaded by people from other parts of the world and for the countries losing these people. In the U.S., the major concern has been over people crossing the border from Mexico seeking economic benefits, while people crossing the border from Canada have never been that much of a concern because the two countries are more equal economically. For that same reason, few people cross the border illegally from the U.S. into Canada.

From the Paper
"Border security has been an issue for many countries for some time, and while the threat of cross-border terrorism has added to the concerns, security is also an economic issue both for the country being invaded by people from other parts of the world and for the countries losing these people. In the U.S., the major concern has been over people crossing the border from Mexico seeking economic benefits, while people crossing the border from Canada have never been that much of a concern because the two countries are more equal economically. For that same reason, few people cross the border illegally from the U.S. into Canada. Border security was made an explicit topic in the U.S. in the report from ..."

Tags:immigration, emigration, worker, generation

From the Paper
"Every day, large quantities of prescription drugs are brought over the border into the United States from Mexico by ordinary Americans who cannot afford skyrocketing prices at home (Moffat, 1992). They are senior citizens who go to Mexico regularly to buy medications for such problems as high blood pressure, asthma, arthritis and many other common ailments at a tenth of the cost they pay here in the United States for identical or virtually identical drugs.
For years, desperate Americans have flocked south of the border seeking cures for ailments for which there is no cure here, such as Laetrile for cancer and a variety of drugs to treat AIDS which are not yet approved in the U. S. Now economic factors are driving them south for drugs which are available here, but which they cannot afford. The asthma drug, Ventolin, costs..."

Tags:mexico

Abstract
This paper explains that underage drinking has been a problem in Mexico because there are no laws that are enforced for teenagers that may become dangerously drunk or even killed under the influence of alcohol. The author points out that, when he or she crossed the border to relates, the author saw a limited implementation of the law and no preventive measures in Mexico to limit drinks to minors. The paper suggests that the issue of underage drinking is a cultural, economic and legal problem.

From the Paper
This study presents an experience that I had while crossing the Tijuana Border from San Diego. When traveling across the border into Tijuana there was a great deal of underage drinking that was allowed due to the differing cultural, legal, and economic problems that reside in Tijuana/San Diego trans-border relations. Although I was old enough to drink, I was made aware of the growing problem of underage drinking that was part of a personal experience in trans-border life. When interacting with the Mexicans across the border, I found that cultural, legal and economic factors allowed this activity to be a major problem for the safety of underage youths drinking Mexico. When I was old enough to drink I went with a few buddies across the border into Tijuana."

Tags:mexico, tijuana, drinking

Abstract
A paper which examines the Yanomami people - a remote tribe in the Tropical Forest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil. The paper shows their customs and culture and focuses on their system of cross-cultural marriage which follows a bilateral cross-cousin marriage system. The paper also discusses Napoleon A. Chagnon, a young American ethnographer who brought the knowledge of Yanomamo ethnography to the world.

From the Paper
"The practice of infanticide is practiced in their culture. This is one of the reasons why there are more males than women. If a female is born she is killed at birth. They feel that women are inferior. Some Yanomamo women kill their infant because they fear the wrath of their husbands for having a female baby. The Yanomano may choke the baby with a vine, suffocating the infant by placing a stick across her nose, or slamming her against a tree. "

Tags:Tropical, Forest, foot, people, Kinship, endogamy, Polygymy, anthropologist

Abstract
This research attempts to analyze the real circumstances of change in the border between the U.S. and Canada since September 11th. The paper answers several questions associated with the potential or real changes between pre-September 11th and post-September 11th border-crossing and security.

From the Paper
"Prior to terrorism as the main focus upon which our borders, and really all entrance points into the US were protected was based solely on issues of illegal immigration and contraband, illegal drugs and the like. (Cornelius, 2001, pg. 661-680) (Dunn, 2001, pg. 7-18) In fact looking at a relatively brief literature review on the issues of border security, prior to September 11th it is evident that the word and concept of terrorism rarely if ever even enters the researcher's agenda, (Nevins, 2001, pg. 136) and when it does the questions possible losses of civil liberties seems to be the most pressing."

Tags:september, terrorist, attacks, afghanistan, iraq, breeches, entrance, points, terrorism

Abstract
This paper underscores the importance of using benchmarking to develop strategies to solve business problems such as in the case of Lester Electronics. To better understand cross border negotiations in investment alternatives, the author examines the actions of Dell, Microsoft, Chrysler, Cerberus, Macintosh, Honda ,Energizer, Playtex Inc.
and TJ Maxx. Based on the experiences of these companies, the paper makes recommendations to Lester Electronic. The paper includes an additional synopsis of the companies.

From the Paper
"Another company that managed to implement successfully internal growth strategies is that of Macintosh when the company decided to construct a project that involved switching its microchips with the goal of making Macs more compatible with the general personal computer. This involved two types of internal growth strategies; research and development and targeting a new market. The new targeted market would have involved individuals who did not own a Mac."

Tags:partnership overseas growth, innovative products, working capital

Abstract
This paper reviews an article on cross-border political and economic relations between the U.S. and Mexico. The paper discusses the advantages to the Mexican economy of Mexican immigration to the United States as well as the impact of the growing Mexican-American population on American society.

From the Paper
"Maria Rosa Garcia-Acevedo, in an article titled "Politics Across Borders: Mexico's Policies Toward Mexicans in the United States" makes several important points regarding the relationships between Mexican government policies and the interactions between Mexico and the U.S." Specifically, Garcia-Acevedo suggests that it is vital to recognize that the so-called Mexican diaspora which has resulted in the presence of millions of Mexicans legally and illegally in the U S has resulted in a necessary and vital influx of some U S billion..."

Tags:Mexico, United States, Mexican-Americans, immigration