Abstract
This paper discusses how Latin America has been struggling with some serious environmental concerns over the last two decades. Air and water pollution, pesticide abuse, soil degradation and deforestation are some of the pressing issues in this part of the world. Furthermore, this paper looks at the case of Argentina to see how the country, which has been struggling through an economic crisis, has seen the bitter end of an environmental catastrophe, and its efforts at redeeming the situation. The drastic effects of genetically modified crop cultivation (in particular GM Soya) and deforestation, the two most important environmental issues, are assessed in this essay.


Outline:
Introduction
GM Soya (A boon or Bane?)
Deforestation
Solutions to Environmental Problems
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The FSC, developed after the Rio Digenero summit in 1992, focused on the increased global requirement and the depletion of natural resources. FSC is a non-profit organization that offers environmentally sound solutions for managing forests around the world. Asides playing an active supporting role in developing the national and regional forest management standards, the FSC also works with local certifiers to ensure FSC compliance standards are met. In Argentina, the FSC is playing an active monitoring role, and thus the rapid deforestation activities from the paper and other industries, which were thus far unchecked, would now be carefully monitored and assessed for their environmental impact. The Success of the FSC initiative can be attested by the fact that six plantation companies in the country namely Santa Barbara SRL, Faplac, Fiplasto, Forestal Las Marias, Lipsia, Tabepicua, and the Union Bank of Switzerland have become FSC certified bringing a total forest area of around 131,000 hectares under the FSC certification process."

Tags:genetically modified, crops deforestation solutions argentina effects

Abstract
This paper looks at the deforestation of the African rainforest, concentrating on the Congo and West Africa. It looks at the reasons for deforestation and extinction of wildlife, and their effects.

From the Paper
"The Congo is the world's second largest river and has the world's second largest rainforest. The river begins in the savannahs just south of Lake Tanganyika, then enters a mile long canyon known as The Gates of Hell, emerging in the rainforests of the Upper Congo. The Upper Congo ends at the Stanley Falls, another stretch of rapids miles long and enters the Middle Congo and the Middle Congo rainforest, a mile stretch which ends at the Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids and cataracts miles long..."

Tags:biodiversity, rainforest, Africa, Congo, deforestation

Abstract
The paper looks at statistics on the extent of deforestation and identifies the broad and narrow definitions of deforestation. The paper then considers the pros and cons of microeconomic and regional studies and cross-national studies as methods of studying the tropical deforestation process. The paper goes on to explore the causes of deforestation, namely forest size, population growth, economic and debt service growth, agricultural growth, road development and level of democracy. The paper asserts that the solutions for deforestation problems of the global tropical forests must become the responsibility of every nation, since forests impact life on Earth for every single individual.

Outline:
Extent of Tropical Deforestation
Definition of Tropical Deforestation
Level of Tropical Deforestation Study
Causes of Deforestation
Deforestation Solutions and Forestry Management Strategies

From the Paper
"Tropical forests are valued for the direct economic benefits and for the host of intangible benefits bestowed upon society. These forests have a special role in the conservation of biodiversity. It is well known that tropical forests, which occupy a mere 13.54 percent of total land area (FAO, 1997), contain around 70 percent of all species (WRI, 1996). Many of these species are threatened with extinction (Myers, 1988). Tropical rain forests have as high as 700 tree species per hectares (ha.) compared to 1 to 5 tree species in boreal forests (Botkin & Talbot, 1992). The rich biodiversity of tropical forests is a source of genetic material for genetic engineering. Also, around 500 million people, including 150 million indigenous people, live in or at the edge of the tropical forests (Roper and Roberts, 1999). Most of them are fully dependent on the forests not only for their livelihood, but also for their cultural and spiritual traditions."

Tags:degradation, population, growth, economics, agriculture, roads

Abstract
This paper explores the factors contributing to the growth of eating disorders in Argentina and identifies both sociological and psychological factors in the Argentinean culture that enable these behaviors. The paper then assesses how these catalysts are completely redefining the health of this nation's women.

Outline:
Introduction
Factors Contributing to ED Growth in Argentina
Effects on Argentineans of Pursuing Unrealistic Body Images through Anorexia
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The prevalence of ED throughout Argentina is most pronounced in pre-teen and teenagers between the ages of 10 - 19, according to one of the only studies dedicated entirely to ED and anorexia in this Latin American nation (Herscovici, Bay, 1996). Correlating this study's results through analysis of several others paints a bleak picture of pre-teen and teenager self-concepts are and self-esteem levels are. These low levels of self-concept and self-esteem can easily lead to other high-risk behaviors including unprotected sex, tobacco and alcohol use, marijuana use and most troubling suicide ideation (thoughts of suicide) and suicide attempts as well (Neumark-Sztainer, Story, Dixon, Murray, 1998). Correlating these unhealthy and dangerous behaviors back to the specific attributes in the Argentinean culture begins with an analysis of the sociological and psychologically-based norms and values inherent in the nations' identity as well. As EDs and anorexia most often found in girls between the ages of 12 and 18 who have learned how to either binge eat or use vomiting as a strategy for alleviating weight gain (Neumark-Sztainer, Story, Dixon, Murray, 1998), additional factors include those teenagers and young adults from families that have experienced significant crisis (le Grange, Nieto, 1995) and those that have a history of eating and weight problems within the family itself for multiple generations (Herscovici, Bay, 1996)."

Tags:body, images, self-esteem, beauty, plastic, surgery, botox, girls, women

Abstract
This paper begins by explaining the political system of neo-liberalism in Argentina. It then discusses the economic effects of this system as well as its social effects on Argentinian society. It concludes with a look at technological advances in Argentina and how these are assisted by the political system.

From the Paper
"The overriding agenda of Neo-Liberals is to reconcile the workings of market institutions with the needs of social cohesion, and claims of individual choice with responsibility to society. This remains the agenda of liberalism -- and of the parties of the center and left today. But it is courting disappointment to expect that we can learn a great deal from the liberal thinking of yesterday about how to implement that agenda at a time when economic globalization and cultural diversity are advancing as never before. In a curious twist, some who 20 years ago embraced collectivist institutions uncritically and scorned individualism as a barbaric relic of bourgeois culture are now among the most vociferous defenders of individual rights and marked reforms (Gray, 1996)."

Tags:economic, social, technolgical, Carlos, Auyero

Abstract
The paper relates that Argentina is the second largest nation in South America with over one million square miles of land area and nearly 3000 miles of Atlantic coastline. The paper explains that its great latitudinal extent results in its accomodating a wide range of climatic conditions from subtropical in the north to subarctic in the south, and a diverse range of agricultural potential from humid-climate crops such as cotton and fruits to dry-climate grazing and ranching. The paper concludes that the Argentina market represents a considerable opportunity for foreign investment given the nation's size and potential, but that serious challenges still exist and that a thorough investigation of conditions from moment to moment, as well as a familiarity with the most up-to-date laws and regulations is necessary prior to committing any substantial assets to a project in the country.

From the Paper
"Argentina is the second largest nation in South America with over one million square miles of land area and nearly 3000 miles of Atlantic coastline. Its great latitudinal extent (over 2500 miles) results in its accomodating a wide range of climatic conditions from subtropical in the north to subarctic in the south, and a diverse range of agricultural potential from humid-climate crops such as cotton and fruits to dry-climate grazing and ranching (CIA; Advameg.) The country's most important regions include the fertile agricultural..."

Tags:argentina, finance, marketing

Abstract
This paper looks at deforestation as it is presently taking place in Canada and in the broader world. Additionally, the paper explains the issue, contextualizes it, and discusses the challenges the phenomenon of deforestation presents to the global community, with an emphasis on Canada. Finally, the paper outlines some possible solutions to the matter. In the final analysis, deforestation can be overcome, but it will only be overcome if strong governmental action is taken against irresponsible practices by the logging and lumber sectors and if firm penalties are put in place to discourage degradation of fragile ecosystems.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at deforestation as it is presently taking place in Canada and in the broader world. The paper will explain the issue, contextualize it, and discuss the challenges the phenomenon of deforestation presents to the global community (but especially to Canada). Finally, and most importantly, the paper will outline some possible solutions to the matter. In the final analysis, deforestation can be overcome, but it will only be overcome if strong governmental action is taken against irresponsible practices by the logging and lumber sectors and if firm penalties are put in place to discourage degradation of..."

Tags:deforestation, canada, world

Abstract
This paper discusses how deforestation is affecting Orangutans' habitat and how without urgent actions to combat the deforestation, their extinction is imminent. The author examines the orangutan's habitat, deforestation in Indonesia, the current status of Orangutan habitat and gives various recommendations to solve the problem.

From the Paper
"The rainforests, thriving in the tropical humid rain lines of the earth, is a heaven on earth for millions of species of flora and fauna of the world. The frequent raindrops through the year and warm climate around the equator have made variety of living species in the wildlife grow as swiftly as possible. The outsized canopy of hundreds-year-old bulky trees becomes the safe home of assortment of vegetation and animals to breed and make the invaluable treasures of the world.
As time passes by, human activities encroach deeper into the wood. The high demand of logs, papers and other wood products had increased; and human grasp into the forests to cut them off to fulfill the national economic calls. The rainforest no longer becomes a sanctuary for the populations of animal and plants inside."

Tags:ape, indonesia, deforestation

Abstract
This paper uses pie charts and a photo of deforestation in Brazil to demonstrate the impact of tropical deforestation. The author points out that the rain forests help in regulating the world's climate and atmosphere. The paper relates that, with fewer rain forests, less carbon dioxide is being absorbed, which means that more heat from the sun stays locked up in the atmosphere causing the devastating greenhouse effects.

From the Paper
"Tropical rain forests contribute to global climate regulation, oxygen and carbon dioxide production, the protection of soil erosion, and are the home to millions of species. Deforestation of tropical rain forests has contributed to global climate changes, in particular global warming and green house effects in the atmosphere. Tropical rain forests are being burned and cleared due to the increasing demand for farmland, industrialization and urbanization, infrastructure improvements (i.e. roads), and wood products (i.e. home building)."

Tags:deforestation, environment, indicators

Abstract
This paper takes a look at corporate environmental crimes, in particularly, corporate deforestation practices. The author examines the nature and causes of corporate deforestation within the framework of eco-critical theory as well as addresses various efforts, primarily through activism and legal policies, to stop corporate deforestation practices. The paper concludes with a discussion of the degree to which these interventions have been successful.

Outline:
Introduction
Corporate Deforestation and Eco-Critical Theory
Interventions to Corporate Deforestation Practices
Effectiveness of Interventions to Corporate Deforestation
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Although criminology includes the study of corporate crime and environmental crimes and has, on occasion, explored the linkages between the two (e.g., Simon, 2000), it has neglected to explicate this relationship within the context of violent criminality. Indeed, much environmental crime should be considered violent. It involves direct acts of destruction to victims (e.g., forests, soil, water). It also involves the death, not only of the primary victim, but of numerous other victims, as well, including human beings, individual animals and plants, species, and entire ecosystems (site)."

Tags:corporate deforestation practices, eco-critical theory, criminology, environmental crime and justice