Abstract This review examines the evolution of the inner personas of the characters in Shakespeare's "Taming of the Shrew" as they explore love and marriage. The paper relates that Petruchio first objectifies Kate and deprives her of the luxuries she is accustomed to in order to break her of her shrewish, spoiled nature. Through this psychological warfare on Kate, he is able to humble her and make her see that it's what's on the inside that matters most. The paper also relates that this story reflects the sexism of the time by suggesting that women can only succeed and be involved in society by being obedient, loyal housewives.
From the Paper "Petruchio and Kate have a real loving relationship. It does not show at first, but it does take root whereas for the other suitors, the wives are mere objects of their affection. During the same clip, Meryl Streep compares the childish acting of Petruchio to Kate's former self and comes to realize that she wants to change (Delacorte TS). This is very similar to what Sylvan Barnet says about Petruchio and Kate: "Petruchio does not so much tame Kate as teach her or treat her, by holding a mirror to her" (Barnet, 188). Petruchio's methods cannot be as bad as Shakespeare makes them out to be since Kate states, "he does it under the name of perfect love" (Shakespeare 4.3 12)."
Abstract This paper analyzes Alexander Pope's statements on the quality of criticism in reference to "An Essay on Criticism." It examines Pope's doubts of the expertise of other critics as well as the quality of their criticisms. The paper also breaks down Pope's definition of a good and fair critic.
From the Paper "There was no doubt that the use of wit and reason required very intensive learning. Pope used nature, a spring of water, as an illustration which could help clear the critic's brains from their shallow judgment. The inexperienced and immature critics tended to take a short view. Therefore, they missed the entire point of the work they were reviewing. Pope's concrete example was to climb the Alps. This climbing required intensive labor, however, when one had reached the top, one could see all the surroundings below."
Abstract The paper states that there is no practical definition of "critical psychology" and then offers a suggestion. The paper states that critical psychology should contain certain components and the paper highlights them and addresses them. The paper explains that the field of critical psychology takes a critical look at mainstream psychology, and in the process, embraces several disciplines within the field of psychology that practitioners of critical psychology feel have been ignored by mainstream psychology.
From the Paper "Parker wrote that critical psychology should include these important components: one, a "systematic examination" of how some aspects of mainstream psychological dynamics operate "ideologically and in the service of power" (in other words, mainstream psychology supports the status quo which is not always on the right side of social change); two, critical psychology should include a study of the ways in which "all varieties of psychology are culturally historically constructed," and how alternative versions of psychology may "confirm or resist ideological assumptions in mainstream models"; three, critical psychology should be a study of "forms of surveillance and self-regulation" in daily life patterns; and four, critical psychology should be an "Exploration of the way 'ordinary psychology' structures academic and professional work in psychology," and how everyday actions might offer the substance of a strategy for resisting "contemporary disciplinary practices."
Abstract The author looks at literary criticism, its definition, specific function and the contradictions that arrise from its use. The author then looks at how different literarcy critics have attempted to pin Baudelaire's poetry down to something concrete, like knowledge, and in the process destroy the very notions he was portraying. By looking at the dependence of literary criticism on Aristotelian philosophy of art, in analyzing Baudelaire's poetry, the author illustrates how the intended meaning, and therefore, by extension, it's beauty has been destroyed.
From the Paper "From the arguments above, it becomes obvious that criticism is applicable to Baudelaire's poetry as long as it is constrained within the limits of internal and semiprivate analysis. These approaches do not harm the beauty of the works, on the contrary. They are the means for explication of modernity, which is one of the elements of beauty according to Baudelaire - the element of particular. External evidence, in contrast, not only is inappropriate, being tangent to criticism, but also contradicts the second essential element of beauty - the element of absolute."
Abstract This paper discusses critical thinking in business negotiations. It contends that there is a lack of critical thinking skills used in business today, then supports this argument by providing professional evidence through research. The paper discusses what critical thinking is, and how it can be applied to the discussion of business negotiations. It further uses business information, and educational citations as supporting evidence.
From the Paper " Decisions within the corporate world are often made from an emotional base, without detailed analysis to support concepts. When business negotiations are instituted, therefore, many companies struggle for survival because there has not been a sufficient level of data critiqued to supply evidence toward final determinations. Yet, critical thinking used in the realm of business negotiations has the ability to provide a clearer approach to business issues in the twenty-first century. This type of thought requires specific analysis that can aid business negotiations by offering detailed evidence, and solid analysis to support ideas. Diane F. Halpren (1996) contends that critical thinking requires thought that leads to a vast array of possibilities (p.5). When those possibilities are analyzed logically, those in business are capable of discovering factual truths that lead to negotiating with specifics, instead of uncertainties. "
Abstract This paper discusses how critical pedagogy involves learning from the practices of the past, and improving upon them according to what proves to work best in the classroom. The paper reports how the transformational model of education, is a good example of critical pedagogy, as it involves changing classroom practices according to what is experimentally determined to work best. The paper further discusses how the model has become integrated not only in the teaching process, but in the way students and teachers experience life and learning outside of the classroom as well.
Outline:
Introduction
Service Learning Action Plan
Critical Pedagogy and State Standards
Rationale and Conclusion
From the Paper "The transformational education model has at its basis transformation or change in both the academic, social and personal domains. This means that students are transformed in such a way that they meet the challenges of the world after high school with the necessary tools to do so successfully. The current California state standards for education are then also particularly focused upon the holistic rather than the purely academic aspect of education. The transformational model will then be particularly useful in implementing these standards.
Specifically, the content standards for grade ten in the subjects of World History, Culture and Geography in terms of the modern world include the study of major historical turning points.
History-Social Science Content Standards. The development of democratic ideas is studied, along with international relations. Students are made aware of the fact that democracy is often achieved at a high price and not practiced everywhere. These issues are then related to the students' own historical, geographic, political, economic, and cultural contexts. "
Tags: empowering, student, educators, critical, thinking, learning, process
An analysis of the history of film criticism, with particular regard to the concerns of film critics in the 1910s and the comparative relevance of those concerns today.
Abstract The paper shows how contemporary concerns regarding the film industry of nearly a century ago are sometimes divergent from, but more often very much akin to the concerns about the industry at that time. The paper reviews several articles from the January, 1913 issue of "The Photoplay Magazine" which indicate that at the time there was a tremendous focus on the potential social benefits of filmmaking, a context in which the early film industry is seldom contemplated today. The paper examines how critics in that era appealed to those in all facets of the film industry to expand their horizons through increased marketing so that higher budget films could be produced and disseminated widely and profitably.
From the Paper "In an article entitled ?Sanitation and the Motion Picture,? Willard Howe asserts that the motion picture has the potential to be a vehicle by which educational messages of great concern can be publicized. ?The sterilization of water has been preached for years, but not until the reel of "Boil Your Water" made its appearance did the people realize its full significance,? Howe claims. ?The normal housewife never dreamed of the animated life that was being consumed, until this was viewed on the screen.? At the time, it would appear that increased production of films of an educational or health-related nature was a valid concern. However, with the advent and omnipresence of radio and television in the years since, film has been replaced as the most efficient mass medium for these purposes, and so little discussion of this phase of film history ensues."
Critical analysis of Thomas Pynchon's, "Crying of Lot 49". The paper attempts to exploit the problems associated with Pynchon's world of isolated individuals and explains the oneness associated with people who are similar in their isolation.
Abstract This essay explores Pynchon's novel, "The Crying of Lot 49". It also looks at a critical essay written by Molly Hite and discusses the ways in which Oedipa becomes both isolated and at one with society. As more people join the "society of isolates", they become assimilated as one, rather than separate in their isolation. This essay covers some of the questions that arise when reading Pynchon's famous novel and it delves into the subject of love in "The Crying of Lot 49".
From the Paper "In her essay ?Purity as Parody in _The Crying of Lot 49_,? Molly Hite repeatedly argues that as Oedipa attempts to define her universe in terms of either absolute coherence, the ?Word,? ?one,? or ?Meaning,? or absolute incoherence, the ?Void,? ?zero,? or non-meaning, she misses a possible assimilation of these two ideas and thus becomes a failed heroine. Between these two apparently irreconcilable interpretative definitions that Oedipa gives to her universe, Hit posits that the novel suggests a third reality that the protagonist rejects during her alienated despair: ?The idea of a community of isolates is a paradox."
Abstract In this paper, the writer looks at the approaches Emerson and Thoreau take to social criticism. The writer shows that they share a common dislike of a large society that dwarfs and silences the individual. It then shows that the two authors have many differences in their style of criticism. Whereas Emerson writes to inspire the masses to change and create a better society, Thoreau writes in a less optimistic style, aiming to affect individual readers, so that they might rise above their flawed society rather than be a part of an improved one.
From the Paper "The two American literary pioneers Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau gave voice to a philosophy of individualism and a mode of life striving to reach something beyond ordinary existence. In fact, the two were close friends, sharing very similar thoughts concerning American life in the 19th century. Thoreau was a neighbor of Emerson?s, and for a short time was actually employed by Emerson as a handyman. Emerson played a key role in having Thoreau's early work published ? both in the Transcendentalist newspaper The Dial (of which Emerson was the editor), as well as to a wider audience."
Abstract This paper discusses the progression of amendments to the critical care guidelines from 2001 to 2004. The author includes adult and pediatric critical care. The paper suggests for whom these guidelines would be appropriate and how they would be used.
From the Paper "The critical care guidelines discussed here were found on the website of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) www.sccm.org. They were found by going to the search engine Google and typing in 'guidelines for critical care'. The guidelines were developed for the care of patients needing critical care. The guidelines were published in Critical Care Medicine between ... . The guidelines were developed to set standards of critical care for admission and discharge for triage."
Abstract This paper reviews relationships between logical fallacies, critical thinking, and decision-making. The paper also identifies three logical fallacies and looks at how critical thinking is applied to the decision-making process with regard to each fallacy.
From the Paper "In this paper three logical fallacies are defined. The significance of each logical fallacy to the process of critical thinking is explained and the general application of critical thinking to decision-making with respect to each logical fallacy is discussed. A logical fallacy is an argument that is defective because of faulty reasoning. Essentially, a logical fallacy occurs when one draws a conclusion from statements that do not in fact support the conclusion. The presence of a logical fallacy does not necessarily..."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the interrelationship between ethics, aesthetics, criticism, and art. The writer describes how criticism interacts closely with each of the other aspects.
From the Paper "W J Bate xiii commented that the great justification of criticism at any time is that it can help to bring into focus and emphasize the function of the arts and of the humanities themselves. Inevitably, criticism enjoys close synergies with both aesthetics and ethics, as well as with a group of four principal players, artist performer, critic ,evaluator, audience, market and manager entrepreneur and a set of four outer forces culture and society law and politics economics and finance and science technology ... "
Abstract Critical race theorists such as Anthony Appiah, Michael Omi, and Howard Winant differ with post-colonial theorists such as Edward Said and Homi Bhabha with respect to how they understand racial formation in a post-colonial context. Subsequently, while critical race theory and post-colonial theory both challenge the Eurocentrism of classical and contemporary social theory, they offer different interpretations regarding the process and impact of racial formation. This paper examines the differences in these two theories' approach to understanding racial formation in a post-colonial context.
From the Paper "Historically, critical race theory can be considered a product of the development of African-American thought in the post-civil rights era, and challenges the traditional philosophical tenets of the liberal civil rights movement, which promoted a colorblind approach to achieving social justice. "
Abstract This paper discusses "The Theory of Psychoanalysis," which Carl Jung wrote in critique of Sigmund Freud's theories. The writer explains that by criticizing and offering explanations for the holes in Freud's theory, Jung attempted to make his version of psychoanalytical technique more palatable to critics of the psychoanalytical community. The writer then points out the strengths and flaws in Jung's work, and concludes that even if his ideas do not meet modern standards of empirical evidence, they still have merit based on a philosophical perspective.
From the Paper "As Jung's theories are built on Freud's, they carry the same flaws as the original work without correcting them. Jung accepted the main precepts of Freud, but pointed out where they were incomplete and unable to explain the full range of human psychological phenomenon. It was Jung's goal to expand on them and fill in the holes. Jung failed to completely fill in Freud's holes because he draws on "evidence" that was difficult to document in a concrete fashion. Jung's theories were based on concepts and evidence that were difficult to observe, such as dreams and "archetypes." An example is, "the libido is there, but is not accessible and visible to the patient." (Jung, par 255)."
Abstract The following are the questions answered with an average of two pages per answer: 1) How do Augustine, Boethius, Aquinas and Dante represent the relation between word and world? 2) How do Sidney, Pope and Hume go about defining a standard of taste? 3) Johnson says "Shakespeare always makes nature predominant over accident." What does he mean by this statement? 4) Discuss Wordsworth's account of the process of poetic creation. 5) What does Arnold mean by "criticism"? 6) Discuss the role Nietzsche sees for art in civilization.
