Abstract
Assessing the critical reception of a literary text, and particularly its initial critical reception, can be valuable in understanding how the reputation of a work is shaped. As this essay will argue, this is especially the case with respect to Beatrice Culleton Mosionier's In Search of April Raintree because the initial critical reception of the text likely played a role in a radical and controversial revision of the text by the author. In this analysis, the critical reception of Mosionier's text represents a sort of feedback process through which we may better understand not only the text itself, but also the critical and cultural context in which it was produced and which shaped its production and revision.

From the Paper
2: The Critical Reception of In Search of April Raintree Assessing the critical reception of a literary text, and particularly its initial critical reception, can be valuable in understanding how the reputation of a work is shaped. As this essay will argue, this is especially the case with respect to Beatrice Culleton Mosionier's In Search of April Raintree because the initial critical reception of the text likely played a role in a radical and controversial revision of the text by the author. In this analysis, the critical reception of Mosionier's text represents a sort of feedback process through which we

Tags:critical, reception, literature

Abstract
The paper states that there is no practical definition of "critical psychology" and then offers a suggestion. The paper states that critical psychology should contain certain components and the paper highlights them and addresses them. The paper explains that the field of critical psychology takes a critical look at mainstream psychology, and in the process, embraces several disciplines within the field of psychology that practitioners of critical psychology feel have been ignored by mainstream psychology.

From the Paper
"Parker wrote that critical psychology should include these important components: one, a "systematic examination" of how some aspects of mainstream psychological dynamics operate "ideologically and in the service of power" (in other words, mainstream psychology supports the status quo which is not always on the right side of social change); two, critical psychology should include a study of the ways in which "all varieties of psychology are culturally historically constructed," and how alternative versions of psychology may "confirm or resist ideological assumptions in mainstream models"; three, critical psychology should be a study of "forms of surveillance and self-regulation" in daily life patterns; and four, critical psychology should be an "Exploration of the way 'ordinary psychology' structures academic and professional work in psychology," and how everyday actions might offer the substance of a strategy for resisting "contemporary disciplinary practices."

Tags:mainstream, models, critical, psychology

Abstract
This paper analyzes the superfund literature within an eco-critical theoretical context. While mainstream criminology tends to focus on individual explanations for why people commit crimes, the paper explains, this research examines a neglected dimension of the field. The paper notes that although environmental issues have received heightened attention in criminological literature, particularly over the past decade, little attention has been devoted to the development of a theoretical framework and appropriate propositions that define environmental crime, describe its possible causes and implications, and provide testable hypotheses from which the theory's effectiveness may be assessed.
The paper concludes that specific examinations of its failures within historical, political, and economic contexts reveal how the players involved in superfund contribute not only to its failure, but also to the further commission of environmental crimes.

Outline:
Introduction
Description and History of Superfund
Eco-Critical Theory and Criticisms of Superfund
Political Analysis of Superfund within the Framework of Eco-Critical Theory
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"First, it is the only way to determine its effectiveness, consistent with the notion of a successful criminological theory. Second, it will raise the consciousness criminologists with respect to environmental crime. More generally, the theory challenges conventional notions of crime and victimization, moving toward a non-speciest criminology. In light of the extent to which humans have damaged the Earth and harmed its inhabitants through their counter-ecological practices, environmental crime and victimization resulting from it should receive more attention within the discipline. Criminologists, particularly ones who are concerned with activist agendas, are effective in bringing their concerns to the mainstream media and the general public and even, on occasion, affecting policies. More rigorous research within an eco-critical perspective will lend credibility to the perspective and have a better chance of being accepted and influential outside the discipline."

Tags:criminology, theory, critical

Abstract
This paper explores the concept of using Socratic questioning as a methodology to improve the critical thinking skills of undergraduate nursing students. It first looks at the literature which makes up the contextual evidence of this hypothesis, and then proposes a study to measure the changes of critical thinking within community college students. By using a clinical intervention which the student then has to defend based on five questions calculated by the teacher, the study hopes to see further development of critical thinking abilities.

Tags:nursing, critical, thinking

Abstract
This paper explores the definition and importance of the use of critical thinking within a variety of contexts - especially the workplace. The paper discusses how critical thinking encompasses great analysis and evaluation in order to present the strongest decision according the needs of various situations. The paper asserts that when one uses critical thinking in the formulation of one's judgment, one can rest easy knowing that the decision produced is a strong and rational one.

Tags:critical, thinking, judgments

Abstract
This paper discusses how critical pedagogy involves learning from the practices of the past, and improving upon them according to what proves to work best in the classroom. The paper reports how the transformational model of education, is a good example of critical pedagogy, as it involves changing classroom practices according to what is experimentally determined to work best. The paper further discusses how the model has become integrated not only in the teaching process, but in the way students and teachers experience life and learning outside of the classroom as well.

Outline:
Introduction
Service Learning Action Plan
Critical Pedagogy and State Standards
Rationale and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The transformational education model has at its basis transformation or change in both the academic, social and personal domains. This means that students are transformed in such a way that they meet the challenges of the world after high school with the necessary tools to do so successfully. The current California state standards for education are then also particularly focused upon the holistic rather than the purely academic aspect of education. The transformational model will then be particularly useful in implementing these standards.
Specifically, the content standards for grade ten in the subjects of World History, Culture and Geography in terms of the modern world include the study of major historical turning points.
History-Social Science Content Standards. The development of democratic ideas is studied, along with international relations. Students are made aware of the fact that democracy is often achieved at a high price and not practiced everywhere. These issues are then related to the students' own historical, geographic, political, economic, and cultural contexts. "

Tags:empowering, student, educators, critical, thinking, learning, process

Abstract
This paper discusses critical thinking in business negotiations. It contends that there is a lack of critical thinking skills used in business today, then supports this argument by providing professional evidence through research. The paper discusses what critical thinking is, and how it can be applied to the discussion of business negotiations. It further uses business information, and educational citations as supporting evidence.

From the Paper
" Decisions within the corporate world are often made from an emotional base, without detailed analysis to support concepts. When business negotiations are instituted, therefore, many companies struggle for survival because there has not been a sufficient level of data critiqued to supply evidence toward final determinations. Yet, critical thinking used in the realm of business negotiations has the ability to provide a clearer approach to business issues in the twenty-first century. This type of thought requires specific analysis that can aid business negotiations by offering detailed evidence, and solid analysis to support ideas. Diane F. Halpren (1996) contends that critical thinking requires thought that leads to a vast array of possibilities (p.5). When those possibilities are analyzed logically, those in business are capable of discovering factual truths that lead to negotiating with specifics, instead of uncertainties. "

Tags:critical, thinking, business

Abstract
Critical race theorists such as Anthony Appiah, Michael Omi, and Howard Winant differ with post-colonial theorists such as Edward Said and Homi Bhabha with respect to how they understand racial formation in a post-colonial context. Subsequently, while critical race theory and post-colonial theory both challenge the Eurocentrism of classical and contemporary social theory, they offer different interpretations regarding the process and impact of racial formation. This paper examines the differences in these two theories' approach to understanding racial formation in a post-colonial context.

From the Paper
"Historically, critical race theory can be considered a product of the development of African-American thought in the post-civil rights era, and challenges the traditional philosophical tenets of the liberal civil rights movement, which promoted a colorblind approach to achieving social justice. "

Tags:critical, race, theorists

Abstract
This paper discusses the progression of amendments to the critical care guidelines from 2001 to 2004. The author includes adult and pediatric critical care. The paper suggests for whom these guidelines would be appropriate and how they would be used.

From the Paper
"The critical care guidelines discussed here were found on the website of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) www.sccm.org. They were found by going to the search engine Google and typing in 'guidelines for critical care'. The guidelines were developed for the care of patients needing critical care. The guidelines were published in Critical Care Medicine between ... . The guidelines were developed to set standards of critical care for admission and discharge for triage."

Tags:critical, care

Abstract
This paper reviews relationships between logical fallacies, critical thinking, and decision-making. The paper also identifies three logical fallacies and looks at how critical thinking is applied to the decision-making process with regard to each fallacy.

From the Paper
"In this paper three logical fallacies are defined. The significance of each logical fallacy to the process of critical thinking is explained and the general application of critical thinking to decision-making with respect to each logical fallacy is discussed. A logical fallacy is an argument that is defective because of faulty reasoning. Essentially, a logical fallacy occurs when one draws a conclusion from statements that do not in fact support the conclusion. The presence of a logical fallacy does not necessarily..."

Tags:Logical, Fallacy, Critical, Thinking, Decision-Making