Abstract
This paper analyzes the best methods and techniques for effectively planning for, managing and mitigating the damage from a political crisis. It explores the need to develop a crisis plan before a crisis occurs. It expands on the four stages to effectively deal with a crisis, and how political crises relate to these crisis management techniques. The author includes steps that must be taken when a crisis occurs.

From the Paper
"Every organization must at some point deal with a crisis. Crisis situations are exceedingly difficult to deal with because, by definition they are times of flux and change whose outcome will often depend on the organization's reaction. Managing a crisis is a ..."

Tags:crisis management, politics, effective management, techniques

Abstract
This paper explains that command, control, and communications play important roles in decision making within crisis management organizations. The author points out that the most important element in crisis management is the gathering of information that would help to overcome adversary forces. The paper states that journalists are specifically targeted as the benefactors of online crisis communication and management because they are the key in providing timely information for newscasts, newspapers , and the Internet.

Table of Contents
Characteristics of Crisis Management and Decision Making Structures
Command/Control Communications
The Crisis Manager

From the Paper
"According to the White House web site for example, the border protection unit comprises over 29,000 uniformed officers. At airports, security has been tightened to great degrees in less than a year. Airports all over the country now have over 45,000 Federal security screeners. These persons are highly trained to inspect all baggage professionally. The Coast Guard has also played an important role, having conducted more than 124,000 port security patrols, 13,000 air patrols, boarded more than 92,000 vessels, interdicted over 14,000 illegal entrants into the country, and includes more than 90 Maritime Security Zones."

Tags:computers, journalists, command, control, communication

Abstract
This paper explains that although most small companies would never have survived an E. coli crisis, Odwalla weathered the storm and is now the subject of a best practice studies on crisis management. The author points out that Odwalla was not innocent and committed major management errors: Significant flaws in its safety procedures, poorly maintained citrus-processing equipment, an insular culture without a clear system of corporate checks and balances, no internal oversight procedure and a board of directors comprised of business friends of its founder. The paper reports that some of the crisis management included the company accepted full responsibility for the crisis, in all interviews with the media, expressed sympathy and regret for all those affected and promised that the company would pay all medical costs.

From the Paper
"Most importantly, Odwalla took steps to stop the problem that had caused the E. coli contamination in the first place. The company admitted that its neglect of pasteurization had been wrong and moved quickly to introduce a process called "flash pasteurization" which could guarantee that E. coli had destroyed while maintaining better flavor that pasteurization. Odwalla also invested $1.5 million in new safety procedures within a year of the recall. Today, the company adheres to a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points program that exceeds FDA requirements, tests every batch of juice for purity, performs daily microbiological tests, and leads the charge for higher government standards across the juice industry. While Odwalla's public relations campaign was a success, it's important to remember that the company was guilty of criminal charges of selling tainted apple justice and was fined $1.5 million, the largest ever assessed by the FDA. Odwalla accepted responsibility for the poisonings by portraying itself as unaware of the health dangers of unpasteurized juice, but this doesn't appear to be the case. Nonetheless, the public responded favorably to Odwalla's highly lauded crisis management tactics."

Tags:errors, responsibility, regret, neglect, safety

Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of crisis management in sports marketing operations. The paper describes how sports organizations can use communications strategies to combat the negative effects of a crisis situation. The paper contends that, by using effective crisis management models, sports organizations are better prepared to identify 'spot fires,' which will enable marketers to extinguish the flames before they damage the organization's reputation.

From the Paper
"One of the most important aspects of crisis management is the development and implementation of a theoretical and effective media relations campaign (O'Bierne and Ries, 2002). The media plays a key role in an organization's attempt to send key messages to the publics. On the flip side, it can also send negative and damaging messages, particularly when there is a crisis or scandal involved. The media's ability to jump on a story as soon as it happens has forced sports organizations to develop crisis strategies that can be launched just as quickly as the media can report the news (Fink, 1986)."

Tags:sports, problems, solutions

Abstract
This paper reviews a crisis management campaign geared towards ensuring that a pet food company can emerge in good condition from a bruising product recall that has turned its industry upside down. The paper looks at the groups that should be targeted by any marketing campaign in the grim aftermath of the Menu Foods recall and illustrates some important themes and objectives. The paper argues that Karma-Organic Food for Dogs must rely upon its lengthy history and its sterling reputation to steady itself during a time of panic.

Tags:organic, food, dogs

Abstract
This paper reviews a crisis campaign or over-arching strategy geared towards ensuring that Karma-Organic Food for Dogs can emerge in good condition from a bruising product recall, which has turned its industry upside down. The author identifies the groups that should be targeted by any marketing campaign in the grim aftermath of this recall. The paper points out that crisis planning involves reminding the public that the company is concerned about its consumers, quality, ethical business practices and making a product that can meet the most exacting quality standards. The author concludes that the best communication strategy is to accentuate the positive and the company's long and distinguished history of providing organic food at economical prices so that Karma-Organic Food for Dogs can emerge from this industry-wide crisis a winner.

From the Paper
"Before going too far, it is important to discuss in some detail the entire recall crisis. To begin with, a quick glance at the Menu Foods recall website reveals that the list of recalled items has grown recently and that ChemNutra Wheat Gluten appears to be the main culprit responsible for the crisis. Furthermore, the website indicates that Menu Foods is taking (or was as of March, 2007) steps to divine the cause of the illnesses striking the pets of customers - the identification of the aforementioned ChemNutra Wheat Gluten (and the massive recall of food products) would seem to be the most significant step."

Tags:reputation, pressure, risks, media, commitment

Abstract
In this article, the writer describes elements of a successful business continuity plan for a business operating after a hurricane. The writer uses Katrina of 2005 as an example.

From the Paper
"Business continuity planning is based on disaster recovery planning techniques that originally dealt with data processing issues. Over time business continuity planning has become as focused on creating effective responses to other types of crises including those that are caused by natural disasters. Starzee argues that every business should have a business continuity plan long before a crisis occurs. Prior planning for the kinds of disasters that cannot be avoided such as hurricanes tornadoes wildfires and tsunamis ..."

Tags:business continuity plan, crisis management, hurricane

Abstract
This paper looks at the importance of a company's crisis management strategy and how the strategy that an organization takes during a crisis can affect the long-term health of that organization. It also puts forth the theory that organizations often collapse because when a crisis occurs they are not equipped to deal with it in a quick and timely fashion.

From the paper:

"Planning ahead of time can help soften the negative impact of an ongoing crisis. Decisions made while planning for a potential crisis tend to be more rational then a decision made in the middle of a crisis. Develop a crisis manual that is simple and easy to read and make sure it is used; it is worthless if it sits idle on a shelf. All employees need to be trained so they know what their roles will be during a crisis. This training will help prepare everybody in the organization to avert or effectively manage extraordinary incidents. It is not possible to plan for all potential crises that can occur. Rather an organization should prepare an action plan that involves responses for various aspects of a possible crisis."

Tags:crisis, emergency, management, problem, solving, decision, company, methods

Abstract
This paper looks at Bridgestone/Firestone's flat out refusal to accept blame for their part in any road deaths. The writer shows how corporate America feels more affianced to its internal stakeholders than to the consumer public. It follows with an example of a high profile trial where they consistently denied they had any responsibility for any damages. The writer concludes by showing that their policies and crisis management strategies not only cost the company its reputation but also result in permanent loss of consumer loyalty.

From the Paper
"Firestone doesn't know a thing about good crisis management. Its policy of denying its obvious faults has decreased consumer's trust in the company or its products for that matter. It is important nowadays to understand that consumers are not interested in big names only, they also want to be assured that the company indeed cares about all the stakeholders involved. Firestone's employees have suffered tremendously from the recall and from its various errors as jobs were slashed in the United States and stock prices tumbled. The community and society on the whole suffered because one firm refused to own up and thus delayed tire recall."

Tags:Tires, Recall, Lawsuit, Corporations, Profits, Japan, Ethics, Morals

Abstract
This paper cites the fact that Ashland Oil Inc. at the beginning of this decade recognized that it had a management crisis and that it needed to gain control of it in order to cope with the unforeseen shifts in the oil business. It shows that in 1991, the company made a number of decisions regarding how to prepare for a crisis, after it had faced a crisis with a major oil spill in 1988 and had not handled the situation as well as it might.

From the Paper
"The public sees long line at the gas pump and notes the rising costs of oil and may believe that the oil companies are making money hand over fist and doing so with relatively little effort. In fact, though, whether an oil company can weather the ups and downs of the oil business depends on the management of the company. Ashland Oil Inc. at the beginning of this decade recognized that it had a management crisis and that it needed to gain control of it in order to cope with the unforeseen shifts in the oil business. Americans have been aware of an oil crisis since the 1970s, when the first oil crisis brought higher prices and long lines and made Americans more aware than ever before of their dependence on foreign sources for their oil and energy needs."

Tags:crisis, management, case