Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the relationship between gun control and crime rates. The writer discusses both arguments by supporters and critics of gun control as a means of lowering crime rates. The writer argues that it is evident that gun control leads to lowered crime rates. The writer concludes that solutions to this controversial issue include allowing gun ownership with a compromised amount of control, better stipulations on gun purchasing and more accurate record keeping of known abusers.

Outline:
Introduction
Arguments by Supporters
Arguments by Critics
Brady Bill
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The modern debate over gun control first surfaced in the 1960s and 1970s, when the USA experienced a significant jump in its crime rate; a rate that has held relatively steady since then. Following the 1960s assassinations of President John F. Kennedy and civil-rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., Congress passed the Gun Control Act of 1968. The act prohibited the sale of guns to minors (children under the age of 18) and limited the mail-order sale of firearms across state lines. It also required dealers to keep records of gun sales, an especially troubling requirement for Second Amendment advocates since it would allow the government to know who in the country has a gun. Some believe that a list of this kind could facilitate federal attempts to confiscate firearms, precisely the kind of action they believe the Second Amendment forbids."

Tags:Guns, crime, rate, violence

Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of unemployment on the crime rates in New York City in the past few years. Initially, the paper focuses on data and statistics concerning the correlation between the increase in unemployment rates and subsequent increases in crime. The paper then attempts to demonstrate that an increase in the unemployment rate leads to an increase in the crime rate in New York City. The paper also discusses three theories that can explain this positive correlation between unemployment rate and crime rate.

From the Paper
"In the graph (New York Crime Rates 1976-2000) that follows we see that the Crime rates for the same ten year period have actually decreased every year. This is the case in spite of fluctuations in the unemployment rate. There are several reasons why these anomalies exist. The first factor involves an increase in law enforcement personnel and the city's more aggressive stance on crime. In addition, these statistics ignore many important factors such as race because unemployment rates among minorities are higher. In addition, it does not explain crime rates in neighborhoods where the unemployment rates are higher. Without these factors it is difficult to see the whole picture and what is really happening in these underemployed neighborhoods."

Tags:societies, depression, poor, population, prisons, overflowing, law, enforcement, city

Abstract
In looking at which countries have high and low crime rates, this paper investigates possible reasons for differences in crime rates. The author suggests that it may be that modern countries that function well, without such issues as widespread poverty or extended conflicts, may be able to focus more on issues such as crime prevention, and take more care to gather accurate statistics.

From the Paper
"According to information provided in class from the World Bank, the five countries with the highest crime rate per capita (as defined as attempts to commit a crime as well as crimes actually committed) were New Zealand, with 11,152.5 crimes per 100,000 citizens; Dominica with 10,763.01; Estonia with 10,242.8, Denmark, with 9,449.78; and Chile, with 9.275.91.

The five countries with the lowest rates of crime were Yemen, with 137.52; Azerbaijan, with 173.41; Papua New Guinea with 259.1; Georgia, with 299.14; and Armenia, with 316.8 (CIA, 2002)."

Tags:statistics

Abstract
The paper discusses the theory that the increase in crime rates have led to a need to respond to reported instances of crime, thus requiring increased action on the part of local police, fire and civil service departments. The paper explains that this correlation has been used to justify requisitioning a larger budget for law enforcement. The paper provides a hypothetical research methodology to identify any actual correspondence between these two variables.

Outline:
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
Study Design and Execution
Expected Outcome and Limitations on Methodology

From the Paper
"The research design used to test this potential correlation is quantifiable and seeks to isolate units of measurement between two specific trends (Creswell 17). The first of these trends is an increase in crime statistics. The second is an increase in overtime pay for law enforcement officials. The scope of the research spans from the time when crime rates began to rise, which has been set at seventeen years ago to create an appropriate margin of error. Historical data for crime rates prior to this time period are also known and can be used to create a historical profile of the norms for both crime rates and overtime pay."

Tags:law, enforcement, budget, statistics, variables, data, collection

Abstract
The paper addresses the city of Metropolis' significant increase in crime rates and associated antisocial behaviors over the past fifteen years. The paper explains the theory that the increase in crime rates require increased action on the part of local police, fire, and civil service departments, and therefore a larger budget for law enforcement. This paper provides a hypothetical research methodology in order to identify any actual correspondence between these two variables.

Tags:crime, method, assessment

Abstract
This four page undergraduate paper examines crime statistics, which indicate that minorities commit more crimes and are arrested more often by law enforcement authorities. The writer notes that statistics can be misleading. The writer further points out that crime is more prevalent in minority neighborhoods because of poverty, drugs, and despair, but statistics tend to exaggerate minority crime rates because minorities are targeted more often for attention and arrest than whites.

From the Paper
"Malley notes that racial profiling is a recent law enforcement strategy that enables police officers to stop and question African-Americans or other minorities, simply because statistics indicate that minorities commit more crimes."

Tags:minority, crime, rates

Abstract
This paper discusses whether crime rates are going up or down in the United States. Various points of view are considered, including those of social science researchers, inner-city residents, politicians, and TV newspersons. Once these opinions are presented, the paper concludes with the opinion of the author.

Abstract
The paper discusses deviant behavior that violates a society's formal norms or laws, constituting criminal behavior. The paper examines the deterrent effect of capital punishment and maintains that it is at best debatable. The paper highlights how capital punishment and increased law enforcement are reactive responses that only address the symptoms of crime. In contrast, a conflict-based approach seeks to address the social inequities that often contribute to criminal behavior in the first place. The paper contends that maintaining the decline in crime calls for these long-term and forward-thinking strategies. The paper stresses that authorities need to address the major causes, including the lack of role models, weakened social institutions and the systemic racism that make it difficult for many to be socially mobile.

From the Paper
"Functionalist sociologists believe that the concept of deviance helps a society define the limits of acceptable behavior. If there were no formal laws, people could engage in behavior such as stealing in order to get what they want and need. These behaviors would undermine social ties and make it difficult for society to function. For functionalists, social programs punish those who have engaged in criminally deviant behavior would serve as a social deterrent. When criminals are punished, the other members of society are motivated to obey the laws."

Tags:death, penalty, juvenile, delinquency, deterrent

Abstract
This paper states that the author wants to test the hypothesis that the larger the unemployment rate, the larger the number of crimes that will be committed. The author proposes that reviewing the available literature provides the best method to determine the type and frequency of crimes and then tries to compare this information against employment figures. The paper explains that this mega-research offers much insight into how unemployment can affect the crime rate and why it is important that this issue be dealt with.

Table of Contents
Problem or Objective
Subjects for Study
Ethical Considerations
Measurement
Data Collection Methods
Analysis

From the Paper
"All of these variables can be defined in a very straightforward manner, and they can be discovered through information found in the research of others. Most of the research variables that this research intends to study have been studied before, but looking at so many variables in one study is not all that common. Most often, only one or two variables are examined, and while this brings clarity of focus to the particular study, it does not allow for consideration of the many other factors that may be important. This clarity of focus on only one or two things often brings confusion about the larger issue, and since it does not take into account the many other reasons that may affect someone's decision to commit a criminal act, many limitations are involved that could have been removed had the study examined more potential variables in an effort to see the whole picture, rather than just a part of it."

Tags:variables, literature, review, summarize, compare

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Messner and Blau (1979) set out to apply a routine activities theory approach to try and explain the relationship between macro-level indicators of leisure activities, and the rates of serious crime. The writer looks at any connection between routine leisure activities and crime rates.

From the Paper
"At this point, we may note that Sacco and Kennedy (2002) define leisure as "free time or spare time that is used specifically for recreation or play" (quoted in Cartwright, 2006, 141). We may also note that routine activities theory holds that criminal activities have three necessary aspects: a motivated offender, a suitable and available target, and an absence of capable guardianship (a third party who could intervene)."

Tags:criminology, crime, leisure