Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at Florida's faith and character based correctional facilities - the largest in the United States. The author examines the accountability, legal and ethical considerations in addition to the political and stakeholder issues regarding these institutions in an attempt to discover a potential benefit for society or a potential harm in having a governmental agency run completely faith-and character-based institutions. The paper gives a brief history of the development of faith and character based correctional facilities and then discusses issues such as accountability, legal and ethical considerations and political and stakeholder issues.

Outline:
Introduction / Basic Organizational Information
A Basic Background and History
Accountability
Legal and Ethical Considerations
Political and Stakeholder Issue
In summary
References

From the Paper
Lawety was established as a Faith-and Character-Based Correctional Institution for men on December 24, 2003 and has a bed capacity of 835, making it the first Faith-and Character-Based Correctional Institution in the country. However, of importance is that by this time the Florida Department of Corrections had already been operating 10 Faith-and Character-Based Dormitories in several of their prisons. Florida Department of Corrections [FDC-E], Nd.; Florida Department of Corrections [FDC-F], Nd.). Hillsborough was created on April 14, 2004 for women with a housing capacity of 292 beds, and Wakula was created on March 1, 2006 with a bed capacity of 1,756 for men. (id).

Tags:crime prison faith correctional institution florida, jeb bush, society police

Abstract
This paper discusses the origin of prison gangs and the factors that keep them alive behind the walls of every prison in the country. It also discusses the six major gangs and how each is identified. Statistics from correctional facilities, as well as national surveys, are revealed and prove the rise in prison gangs and the threat they pose for communities.

From the Paper
"Prison gangs are flourishing behind the walls of every correctional facility across the country. There are six major gangs that are generally identified by racial or ethnic members. Prison gangs are much better organized than the average street gang, thus, when an inmate is released he is more savvy about keeping a lower profile and so become more difficult for authorities to track. Prison gangs have risen some four hundred percent during the last decade and are still climbing. Gangs inside the prison walls have become experts at communicating through coded messages. Prison gangs originated as a form of protection from predator inmates, but expanded to include contraband. Gangs, whether street or prison, are identified by law enforcement as Security Threat Groups, STGs, and are monitored by officials."

Tags:jail, prisoner

Abstract
This paper analyzes a study which examines the extent of rapes within the U.S. prison system, with additionall attention being given to the phenomenon of gang rapes. According to the paper, understanding the extent of the problem as well as the major associated risks is an important first step in formulating some procedures by which the number of rapes within corrections institutions can be significantly reduced. The paper notes some methods that could have positive results in helping to reduce this number.

From the Paper
"Rape in U.S.' prisons and correctional institutions is unfortunately a pervasive phenomenon. Despite claims by officials in corrections institutions throughout the nation, the growing body of literature and statistics on the subject indicate that rape is a problem that affects prisoners--especially male prisoners--in very deleterious ways. In fact, Human Rights Watch, which polices human rights violations internationally, believes that rapes by prisoners against other inmates is one of the largest human rights violations in the United States. Worse, the organization suggests that corrections institutions in the United States..."

Tags:rape, american, prisons

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the Florida's Community Corrections system has been challenged by budgetary constraints and shortfalls. The writer analyzes an Internet article on the Florida Office of Community Corrections and its efforts to deal with budget cuts.

From the Paper
"Under Florida law the Office of Community Corrections is charged with supervising offenders placed on community supervision programs including pre-trial intervention probation community control, drug offender probation, sex offender probation and post-release supervision. Like other organizations or agencies subsumed within the criminal justice system, Florida's Community Corrections system has been challenged by budgetary constraints and shortfalls. It is this issue as described by Hieteenthia Hayes, Assistant Secretary for the Florida Department of Corrections that will be investigated herein ..."

Tags:corrections, Office of Community Corrections, budgeting, article, public agencies, public agency, criminal justice

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the extent of rapes within the U.S. prison system, with some especial attention being given to the phenomenon of gang rapes. The writer notes that understanding the extent of the problem as well as the major associated risks is an important first step in formulating some procedures by which the number of rapes within corrections institutions can be significantly reduced. The writer points out that it is important to first note that eliminating the rape of prisoners will not come easily. In fact, it is unlikely that the problem will ever be completely eradicated. Nonetheless, the writer maintains that outlining a path that corrections institutions can take in the short-term and the long-term is crucial if any headway is going to be made against the problem.

From the Paper
"Attitudes regarding prison rape in the United States, unfortunately, are not conducive to reducing the incidence of prison rape. The public view the rape of men in prisons as a joke. Gags about dropping the soap in a prison shower are common and only reinforce the assumption that the rape of prisoners, at least men, is acceptable. Many have the attitude that prisoners somehow deserve what they get--after all, they did commit a crime and aren't in prison because they are fully innocent. Additionally, a culture of machismo in the United States contributes to the attitude that men who are raped aren't really men because they weren't able to fend off their attacker. Unfortunately for prisoners, these assumptions and attitudes only increase the possibility that they will have to face sexual assault without any social or institutional recourse. The fact is that victims of prison rape are rarely able to defend themselves, especially in cases of gang rape, when attackers are more numerous and are only too willing to resort to physical violence-even murder-to get what they want."

Tags:prisoners, crime, physical, violence, sexual, assaults

Abstract
The paper discusses how in recent decades, the private sector has become increasingly involved in correctional services of all kinds: both private prisons and services to prisons. The paper argues that services to prisons may be privatized, but that it is not a good idea to have a proliferation of private prisons in Canada.

From the Paper
"In recent decades, the private sector has become increasingly involved in correctional services of all kinds: both private prisons and services to prisons. It is argued here that services to prisons may be privatized, but that it is not a good idea to have a proliferation of private prisons in Canada. Private contracts to supply services to prisons are reasonably common in..."

Tags:privatize, prisons, canada

Abstract
Prison gangs are prevalent in today's penitentiaries. Centered on race and ethnicity, many have become powerfully entrenched in the American prison system. They are described as chronic, serious, criminal organizations. However, relatively little attention has been given to this crisis. This paper overviews prison gangs in the American prison system. It discusses the effects gangs have on inmates, the relationship between prison gangs and street gangs and the effects prison gangs have on prison control.

From the Paper
"When a male prison first enters the prison system, it is more likely than not that he will join a prison gang. This happens both voluntarily and involuntarily. In so doing, this gang becomes his family. He then "works towards the gang's antisocial goals" . If, for whatever reason, the new inmate is not suitable to gang life, he is often then the prey of gang members. Those who do not submit to becoming a gang member or who are not wanted by the gangs are often at danger. Other gang member inmates continuously terrorize these inmates. They are often "exploited and dominated by the gang". This can lead to injury, and in some instances, inmate death."

Tags:incarceration, criminal, penitentiary

Abstract
This paper studies the evolution of the legal treatment of insolvent debtors in Britain and America. It focuses on the factors that sustained the practice of imprisoning insolvent debtors and relies principally on Britain, with American practices used as points of contrast. The paper argues that the debtor's prison was a primarily economic institution, necessary for a well-functioning petty credit market, as opposed to a primarily sociological institution, necessary to deal with insolvent individuals in an arbitrary "proper" manner. Section I reviews existing literature and outlines the "sociology of debt" argument, which is the primary lens through which scholars now understand debtor's prisons, to which this paper stands in contrast. It also summarizes the relevant economic literature on bankruptcy. Section II provides historical background on the evolution of the institution of debtor's prisons. Section III establishes the necessity of the debtor's prison for the credibility of debt contracts. Section IV concludes and discusses the importance of the "economic necessity" hypothesis in explaining the abolition of the debtor's prison.

Paper Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Historical Background
Credibility and Commitment: Early Petty Borrowing
Conclusion
Appendix
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Imprisonment for debt is viewed as so bizarrely cruel and draconian that contemporary opponents of Republican bankruptcy reform legislation have tarred it as akin to restoring debtor's prison. Internet bloggers, too, have invoked the image of the debtor's prisons to impugn the Bush Administration's Social Security plan as lacking compassion for the poor (see Appendix A). The view of the debtor's prison as a barbaric relic from the past is not confined merely to popular expression, but may also be found in scholarship. For example, Margaret Hunt, professor of history at Amherst College concludes a book review stating:
'One also comes away from [The Character of Credit] with a palpable sense of relief that debtors' prisons are no more. Let us hope a certain Department of Justice does not get hold of this book, or someone might decide to bring them back.'"

Tags:bankruptcy, economic, insolvent

Abstract
This paper takes a look at ways of possibly reducing crime. The paper focuses primarily on correctional education, its implementation and its success and failure rates. The paper also reviews Sheriff Arpaio's Tent City and the strategies used in this type of incarceration.

From the Paper
"A meta-study completed by the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections that analyzed hundreds of research reports on reducing recidivism found that the successful measures have certain factors in common (Zajac). Their findings, which are very different from those in Phoenix fall into ten areas: 1) Good programs are those that relate to offending and that can be changed or targeting "criminogenic needs" such as low self-esteem, poor levels of educational attainment, and high substance abuse; 2) Conduct thorough assessments of risk (probability of repeat) and need to develop specific treatment programs and use money in most effective manner possible. Also, higher risk individuals will be more likely to repeat offenses if not treated; more resources should be spent on them. Providing high-intensity treatment to low-risk offenders may increase their risk level. "

Tags:chain, gangs, anti-drug, program, inmate, education, rehabilitation