Abstract
This paper explores the police in their role of crime prevention. It explains how effective the police are in their efforts to prevent crime and gives reasons for their shortcomings. Additionally, other roles of the police are discussed and it explores whether these roles conflict with crime prevention.

From the Paper
"One of the main roles of the police is to prevent crime. The police, however, can not prevent all crime from occurring. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the police in their role of crime prevention is debatable. Throughout this paper I will explore the question of to what degree the police can prevent crime and whether this is a realistic expectation. Additionally, I will discuss authors which support my arguments as well as whether the police's role of crime prevention conflicts with other roles that the police have. Although the police are charged with the duty of crime prevention, this is often not an easy role for the police to fulfill. It is pointed out in Topic #2 - Crime Prevention Role, "the police-citizen crisis of the 1960s brought to light the inadequacy and inability of the police to fulfill their role in crime prevention."

Tags:crime, prevention, police

Abstract
This paper discusses a 1997 report to Congress on the empirical findings of a wide variety of crime prevention programs, sorting them into categories of what worked to reduce crime, what did not work to reduce crime, and what seemed promising. This paper examines five of the programs that either worked or seemed promising.

From the Paper
"Sherman a writes 'How effective at preventing crime are local programs with funding from the US Department of Justice?' That question can only be answered in the context of a comprehensive scientific assessment of crime prevention in America. In an effort to answer this question via a scientific assessment, Sherman, Gottfredson, MacKenzie, Eck, Reuter and Bushway prepared a report to Congress on the empirical findings of a wide variety of crime prevention programs sorting them..."

Tags:crime prevention, Congress

Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses various statistics relating to criminal activity. The paper then goes on to discuss studies which show that property crime can also be prevented by manipulating the design of the separate properties and their relationship to each other and the surrounding neighborhood. This process is called crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). According to the paper, the overall impact of CPTED by itself continues to be controversial. Specialists are more prone to accepting the fact that it is one of many measures that, taken together, can prevent or reduce crime.

From the Paper
"NIJ does say that these cases "suggest" that place-based crime prevention approaches that are designed to meet the needs of certain neighborhoods do indeed reduce crime, although they are not "prove" this is the result. "In practice, it would be as difficult as untangling a spider web to evaluate the effectiveness of specific place-based crime prevention measures applied to these residential areas" (Cozens, 2005, p. 328). Also, although crime data back the thesis that place-based applications work, "the physical, management and community organizational interventions in these cases are woven together in complex ways that defy individual analysis" (Cozens, 2005, p. 328)."

Tags:CPTED, strategies, building, police, crime, patrol, North, Trail, District

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of programs that are aimed at reducing crime by using early childhood crime prevention programs. The paper reviews one of the most significant studies in recent history, the "Perry Study out of Ypsilanti, MI." According to the paper, this research exposed the very real and tangible benefits of early childhood education for poverty stricken students as an element to prevent them from becoming criminals as they got older. The paper further reports how this study proved to be the catalyst for the nationwide Head Start program and is still referred to today to obtain government funding for preschool programs.

Outline:
Introduction
The Study
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There have been three major studies undertaken to test this theory with the "grandfather" of those studies being the High/Scope Perry Preschool Project. The study drew participants from African American children residing in Ypsilanti, Michigan whose parents had applied to have their children included in attendance of a program. The participants were placed into two groups, those children who would attend and those who would not attend. Random assignment and the effort to not let teachers of later schools know which of their students were in the program and out of those which had attended and which had not attended the preschool helped to protect the purity and validity of the study(Stellar, 2003). "

Tags:government, funded, early, childhood, education, drugs, crime, self-esteem

Abstract
This paper discusses the implementation of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) concepts in the main terminal of the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. The paper focuses on project management issues and the process of implementation within the environment. The planning stage of the airport re-design and the measurement of the project's goals after its completion are also outlined.

Outline:
Elements of CPTED and the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
Planning Stage
Project Implementation
Post-Project Measurement and Monitoring

From the Paper
"The Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is considered to be one of the busiest airports in the world. Nearly 86 million travelers passed through this airport in 2005 (Economist.com, 2008). It has six terminals A,B,C,D and T to serve domestic flights. Terminal E serves international flights (Economist.com, 2008). A tram connects all terminals to a central atrium, which is home to ticketing, baggage claim, and a small food court. Security checkpoints cover all six terminals, therefore a traveler can commute between terminals to take advantage of the amenities that various terminals have to offer without passing through another checkpoint. Past the checkpoint, security is tight. However, in the atrium area prior to passage into other terminal areas, there is considerable room for improvement. This is the area that will be the target of CPTED makeovers."

Tags:security, airports, passengers, baggage, screening

Abstract
This paper focuses on the several causes of crime and how governments and other law enforcement institutions can effectively deal with the problem to make the environment safe and secure for the members of the society. It separately discusses several major causes and gives some suggestions to resolve the issue of prevalence of crime and insecurity in the society. The writer shares his opinion that the major causes of crime are unstable economic conditions prevailing in the country, lack of education or poor educational system, corruption in the policing system and other law and order institutions.

From the Paper
"I am very thankful to you for giving me opportunities to share my views with you at this occasion. I will like to discuss the issue of causes of crime, which has been a debatable issue among the social scientists and criminologists. I will focus on my personal opinions about the major factors that lead to an increase in crimes in a society. In addition to this, I will also discuss as to what other researchers and experts have found."

Tags:crime, police, protection, prevention, economic, poverty, law, enforcement

Abstract
The paper describes three methods for collecting data on ways of improving crime prevention and control activities in a community.

From the Paper
"To collect data regarding possible strategies for improved crime control, three models are proposed. The first method consists of a survey of a sample of community residents, government officials and law enforcement professionals. According to Babbie, survey research can generate significant insight into the attitudes, beliefs and values of specific populations impacted by an issue or problem. However, developing an adequate sample including key segments of the population and ensuring validity and reliability with a sound instrument can be limiting. An alternative approach is observational..."

Tags:crime prevention, research methods

Abstract
The paper looks at how Sherman, et al.'s article "Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising" addresses the evaluation of crime prevention programs and identifies programs that work, programs that are ineffective and programs that are promising. The paper looks at the conclusions of the reviewers on the effectiveness of family-intervention programs and mandatory arrest of some domestic violence offenders. Then, the paper describes the programs that failed to work, such as the "Scared Straight" juvenile program, and outlines the programs that the researchers found to be promising. The paper concludes that this study's findings should not be implemented on a larger scale without more contemporary research.

From the Paper
"According to Sherman, one of the major problems with modern crime prevention programs is that many of them simply do not work. However, society continues to put resources into these programs, largely because they have not been appropriately evaluated, making it possible to determine which ones are successful and which ones are unsuccessful. Not only is this lack of effective evaluation a waste of resources, it also creates the potential for a public backlash against crime prevention programs, because it increases the likelihood that public funds will be used on ineffective programs. While Sherman believes that there is not enough evidence available to conclusively determine the effectiveness of the various programs, he does find that there is sufficient evidence to determine which programs are successful, which are clearly unsuccessful, and which programs seem to be promising. Concentrating funding efforts on programs that have been prove to work, as well as on additional research into the effectiveness of promising strategies, is a necessary step in the implementation of an effective crime-prevention regime."

Tags:domestic, violence, family, intervention, juveniles, offenders, incarceration

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the relative merits of situational and social approaches to crime prevention. The writer takes us on an exploratory journey through the definition of each and then illustrates different situations that the approaches could be used for.

From the Paper
"Crime is a topic that can make the most secure person nervous. We work hard and we have homes and the thought of someone invading our safety and security is something that can shake the most stoic amongst us. Crime prevention has become a key focus in recent years and the prevention methods have undergone serious study. Crime prevention can general be divided into two categories, social and situational. Social prevention involves neighborhood groups and other means of societal teamwork while situational prevention is about preventing a crime in one instance through private means and methods. Each approach has a place in today's society and each approach has merit. The key to the most effective prevention of crime is to understand the approaches and use them at the right time. Crime prevention that involves citizens as well as law enforcement personnel will be the key to a safer future. One of the most important aspects of crime prevention is reducing the opportunity for a crime to be committed."

Tags:crime, social, societal, situational, criminal, theft, robbery, murder, free

Abstract
This paper is broken into two distinct segments. The first segment is a literature review on material covering crime prevention. The literature review is further segmented regarding first the practice of prevention employed by police, and secondly the overall effectiveness of crime prevention. The police are involved in many facets of crime prevention. They cooperate with other parts of the criminal justice system and specific groups in society. The second segment of this paper is an analysis of a few, out of many, crime prevention initiatives in which police are directly involved. These prevention initiatives are Operation: Ceasefire, D.A.R.E., and the Citizen Corps. In the United States, there are billions of dollars spent every year in an effort to prevent crime. Many programs are worth the cost, some are probably not.

Outline:
Abstract
Primary and Secondary Prevention
Practice of Prevention
Effectiveness of Prevention
Boston Gun Project
D.A.R.E.
Citizen Corps

From the Paper
"Most methods of crime prevention fall into one of two categories, either primary or secondary prevention. Primary prevention methods focus attention on "physical and social environment[s] that provide opportunities for or precipitate criminal acts" (Brantingham and Faust, 1976). Secondary prevention focuses on "early identification of potential offenders and seeks to intervene" (Brantingham and Faust, 1976). Some prevention efforts seem to fall under both categories. The difference between the two types of prevention is discovered by their purpose. Primary prevention seeks to avert scenarios that could lead to crime; secondary prevention seeks to remove the scenario already in place that advocates crime (Lab, 2007). A neighborhood watch program could be created to prevent increased burglaries (primary), or a neighborhood watch program could be created as a response to the high rate of burglaries already occurring (secondary). "

Tags:criminal, justice, DARE, Citizen, Corps