Abstract
This paper discusses how the decriminalization of prostitution in Toronto may be advantageous for sex workers. It states that although women are supposedly equal in Canada, somehow thousands of Canadian women still end up in sex work - a line of work in which they are at risk of violence, diseases and death. The paper argues that laws meant to protect society actually victimize people who are already at the bottom rung of society - marginalized, poor women - as well as a smaller group of male and transsexual prostitutes, and even some children. Law enforcers and the public frequently launch campaigns aimed at removing sex workers altogether - such as closing brothels and massage parlors. This does not remove sex workers - it merely makes them less safe. The paper concludes that protecting the rights of sex workers and decriminalizing prostitution will help to protect their safety and welfare.

From the Paper
"The lives of sex workers are fraught with risks and threats. For example, by the very nature of their work, they are at risk of contracting a range of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, which is usually terminal. One might argue that sex workers should protect themselves by practicing safe sex. However, the reality is that these people are in a very disempowered position in society, and consequently, they are very often not in a position to insist on safe sex practices. A key part of their disempowerment is that they have little recourse to the law. In other words, if they are forced to have unsafe sex, they do not feel safe in laying a charge with the police. This is because their line of work is circumscribed by laws that aim to end prostitution, and therefore they do not feel safe phoning the police. Thus, one of the key reasons why the legal system pertaining to sex work should be changed is that this would facilitate equal rights to police protection for sex workers - who desperately need such protection."

Tags:sex workers, crime legal legalization prostitute prejudice victimization violence

Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that from a legal public policy perspective, prostitution should be decriminalized, as this would serve to remove the stigma from the profession, protect prostitutes from violence and disease, and regulate prostitution as business. The writer discusses that currently, prostitution is a public order crime in locations in which it is prohibited; a public order crime being defined as one in which it is not clear whether a victim or an offender even exist, or whether any harm has occurred.

From the Paper
"Although in many places throughout the globe and in all states, except Nevada, in the United States the practice is illegal and against public policy, the world's oldest profession continues to flourish. In ancient Greece and Rome, prostitution was a very important part of society, and in some case, prostitutes were required to be licensed and be listed on an official list of prostitutes."

Tags:public, policy, legal, prostitution

Abstract
This paper discusses cyber crime, criminal activity which targets computers and information, or which uses computers as the means of committing an offense. It examines how it is a very serious and complicated matter that cannot be taken lightly and how without a true understanding, public and private corporations can easily be mislead in the perspective of its gravity. It shows how this thinking opens up weaknesses in public and private computer systems that the cyber criminal could easily take advantage of and exploit for their own gain. It defines cyber crime, breaking it down into a number of sections giving examples of certain crimes that are often committed under each section. Then it provides a brief history describing the development of new laws for the new crimes, specific cases in history concerning cyber crime and also a description of where cyber crime is today and its impact on the individual and companies who are its victims.

From the Paper
"Just like the world of street crime the world of cyber crime needs policing tactics and policing units. Yet the goal of the agencies are not really to prevent, but more to investigate crimes that have already happened; the reason for this is because in cyber space there is no physical area where police can patrol to stop crime. So if policing agencies cannot prevent attacks, not including the use of undercover online operations, then who can? This question can be answered in a few ways. Private companies usually hire experts in the field of computers who can find the companies? weaknesses and where they could be attacked and tighten up their network with certain defenses like firewalls, virus scanners, and other various programs. The individual, on the other hand, has to spend money on programs which will detect intrusions and viruses that have infiltrated their personal system. Private industries that create these programs which protect systems would be similar to companies who produce self-defense equipment and classes, because that is what these programs do; they target-harden and help a victim fight back against their attacker."

Tags:computers, crime, crimes, criminology, cyber, hacking, policing

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a clear overview of the different manifestations of white-collar crime, as well as provides insight into the historical development of the term. The study also focuses on the insidious nature of white-collar crime in terms of issues such as trust and the apparent respectability associated with the crime, as well as other pertinent aspects. The paper explores the way that this form of crime operates and the legal aspects that surround and prevent it and that have been implemented to curtail this expensive and growing category of crime. While the focus of the paper is on the way white-collar crime affects modern business, especially online business, the paper also focuses on the numerous ways that it negatively impacts on and affects society in general.

Outline:
Introduction
Definitions and Overview
History of the Term
Types of White-Collar Crimes
The Extent and Impact of White-Collar Crime
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In sociological and criminological terms, this was a radical deviation for the accepted perception of the criminal in society."
"It should also be noted that this was not the very first time that affluent businesspersons and the 'upper-class' had been identified as criminals. The difference was that the popularization and acceptance of the term white-collar criminal indicated an important a shift in theory and in the formal perception of this criminal type. This was to have a dramatic effect on policies and the theories about modern criminal behavior."

Tags:consequences, offense, loss, corporate

Abstract
The paper explains that transnational crimes have increased steadily since the advent of the Internet, as many crimes can be done from half way around the world with the click of a mouse. The paper discusses how transnational crimes cause problems in three specific areas and looks at the steps that can be taken to reduce its occurrence.

Outline:
Introduction
Growth of Globalized Crime
Four Legal Traditions

From the Paper
"Globalization for the most part, has provided a positive new dimension to life. People can chat with others around the world, cultural diversity is being shared on a global business level and parts of the world that used to live in fear of each other now know they have little to fear. With the positive aspects of globalization however, come some negative ones including increased transnational crime(The Explosive Growth of Globalized Crime http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itgic/0801/ijge/gj01.htm)."
"Transnational crime is committed in literally thousands of ways. Some examples of transnational crime include the shipment into the US of the drug Ecstasy, being manufactured in the Netherlands, computer viruses being sent worldwide from one office in the Philippines and large US banks discovering that they have been used in large Russian money laundering operations."

Tags:incidence, terrorism, corruption, contraband

Abstract
This paper discusses the need for the decriminalization or legalization of prostitution in the United States for the benefit of both sex workers and average citizens. It provides an analysis of legal prostitution as compared to illegal prostitution and the concept of privacy rights in regards to the sale of one's own body. It also discusses the impact of religion on the legislative process.

From the Paper
"The issue of prostitution in the United States is one that has been constantly debated throughout the years. Those who wish prostitution to remain illegal claim that prostitution is harmful to society both morally and physically. Supporters of decriminalization and legalization, on the other hand, feel that prostitution is a harmless private act or a "victimless crime." While matters of sexuality will always be debated and are deep personal choices of all individuals, the benefits of doing away with the archaic prohibition of "the world's oldest profession" are clear. When one analyzes the issue from a moral standpoint, the argument comes down to the common goal of any system of ethics, which is a society in which individuals do the greatest good for themselves and others in any manner of their choosing so long as they do not harm any others. One must ask then, which system provides the greatest good while doing the least harm? The system of prohibition in which a holier-than-thou attitude creates second-class citizens, ignores the problems of prostitution altogether (until said problems affect "normal" citizens), and denies individuals a way to earn a living, or the system of legalization which gives dignity to sex workers, gives them freedom and resources to practice their business in the safest and healthiest ways possible, and participate in a tradition that has been practiced in private since the earliest times of civilization? Clearly, the legalization of prostitution would be an action of great moral value in that it would provide sex workers with the freedom to control their own bodies, achieve legal equality with the rest of society, access healthcare and legal services as a normal American citizen, and receive the same acceptance of any other human being in functioning society."

Tags:america, crime, criminal, debate, decriminalization, equal, ethics, illegal, law, legal, legislation, moral, morality, morals, nevada, privacy, private, prostitute, reno, rights, sex, sexuality, society, states, united, vegas, worker, workers

Abstract
The author of the paper presents an argument for the legalization of prostitution. The writer firstly gives a brief historical overview of prostitution and then carries on to document a number of countries in the world today where prostitution is legal and regulated by authorities. The author continues with an examination as to how legalization of prostitution affects the general public's view of the profession, the women working in it and the clients using the service. In addition, the writer also addresses crime, health and other social arguments for the legalization of the profession.

From the Paper
"Detractors argue that legalizing the profession of prostitution alone may invoke a number of the social ills. However, it is not the legalization of prostitution that is the problem; rather it is the lax regulation of the profession that creates social havoc, as is seen in Germany. Furthermore, the major objective of laws legalizing prostitution have been to prevent the exploitation of women and children in sex trafficking, to reduce the incidence of prostitutes "selling their wares" on street corners, and to protect prostitutes and the public from sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV. Furthermore, the negative social stigma attached to the profession is reduced or eliminated in locations in which prostitution has been made legal as is evident in Amsterdam."

Tags:legal stigma crime, sexually transmitted disease, feminist criminology sex consensual

Abstract
Int his article, the writer maintains that existing laws jeopardize the lives of sex workers. The writer discusses that social workers and others concerned with the welfare of these sex workers often find it difficult to gain the trust of these workers in order to help them. Predators know that prostitutes generally will not report any abusive or violent behavior, and they therefore view the street prostitute as fair game to hunt, rape, mutilate, and kill. The writer maintains that sex workers are thus particularly vulnerable to sexual assault and argues for the legalization of prostitution.

From the Paper
"Sex workers are thus particularly vulnerable to sexual assault. Society also views prostitution as distasteful, somewhat animalistic, demoralizing, and degrading to the human spirit; at the same time, though, sex work provides an opportunity for people to make a living, the majority of whom are poor, displaced ..."

Tags:legalization, prostitution, reasons

Abstract
This paper presents an examination of natural crimes compared to legal crimes. The writer explores the difference between natural and legal crimes, gives examples of both and discusses which crimes are wrong in themselves and which ones are only crimes because they are deemed illegal.

Outline:
Introduction
Natural Crimes
Legal Crimes
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In civilized society there are natural crimes and legal crimes. While they are all crimes when held against the state, local or federal statutes they are viewed differently in the eyes of those who are mandated to uphold and obey them. For the purpose of discussion natural crimes are crimes that are morally and ethically wrong and would be wrong regardless of what the law said about them, while legal crimes will be discussed as crimes in which the only obvious rationale for them being deemed illegal is that the government has deemed them as such. "

Tags:crime, victims, morality, punishment, natural, crimes, legal, crimes

Abstract
In this article, the writer outlines why it is that the legalization of prostitution is a positive step towards protecting the safety and dignity of sex-trade workers. In particular, the writer looks at how legalization has been proven to reduce the spread of sexually-transmitted disease, cuts down on violence against sex-trade workers, and discourages the upsetting of public order.

From the Paper
"As well, legalization reduces the gains accruing to unscrupulous "pimps" and "madams", brings the practice out into the light of day (where it can be better monitored), reduces the anonymity that sexual predators soliciting sex-trade workers crave, makes women engaged in the business subject to the same workplace safety standards as anyone else, affords them the opportunity to secure social services for their children through their employer, and gives them a measure of control over their own lives. In the end, legalization is an idea that should now be put into practice."

Tags:prostitution, legalization, pro