Abstract
The paper outlines the geographic/geological features of China, China's culture and people and China's current economy. The paper also describes the government of modern-day China and the Five Year Plan which forms the basis for the Chinese government's economic and social development initiatives. The paper looks at China's cultural heritage and practices, specifically at the concept of marriage, attitudes towards the exploitation of women in society and at human rights. The paper concludes that despite the fact that China is currently under the rule of the Communist Party, it is slowly moving towards an open and free democratic system.

From the Paper
"As the largest geographical area in Asia, the country of China, officially known as the People's Republic of China, extends to more than nine million square kilometers, beginning in the east with the Heilong Jiang/Amur River and reaching westward to the Pamir Mountains with an average height of 17,000 feet above sea-level and covering about 22,000 square miles. From north to south, a distance of more than 5,000 kilometers, China extends from the Heilongjiang Province to the Zengmu Shoal. Topographically, China contains a number of very striking geographic/geological features, such as the Qing-Zang Plateau some 4,000 meters above sea-level and the Kunlun, Qin Ling and Greater Hinggan mountains ranges. China's two longest rivers include the Chang Jiang or Yangtze and the Huang He or Yellow, with the first extending more than 6,000 kilometers and the second more than 5,000 kilometers."

Tags:Five, Year, Plan, government, economy, marriage, human, rights, women

Abstract
The pace of economic and political change in China has been very rapid, for both have shifted into what seems to be an ongoing expansion into a capitalist system. This paper shows that, since the early reforms, a new class of wealthy and prosperous Chinese has emerged, not to mention the great growth of the Chinese middle class, which is now comparable to that in the United States. By exploring some aspects of its long and violent past, especially those that took place in the later years of the 20th century, the paper shows how China has also changed from a socialist society that restricted private lives and affairs to a consumer society with increased economic freedom and individual participation.

From the Paper
"Beginning in 1964, China secretly initiated a crash industrialization program that was originally intended as a backup for any kind of military strike by the United States or the Soviet Union. Because much of China's industry was then concentrated on the Pacific coast, the leaders endorsed a highly-centralized investment plan to erect new industrial facilities in remote regions of the country. By 1971, this military-industrial program absorbed the majority of China's investments and eventually relocated existing factories from the coast and created a heavy industrial system that was able to produce every conceivable piece of military equipment. Surprisingly, the turmoil associated with the Cultural Revolution did not highly affect this industrial program, for in reality, it surged ahead by starting "many projects before the planning was complete and scattering many new facilities in remote valleys to protect them from air attack" (Hsu 184)."

Tags:CCP, politburo, Mao, Tse-tung

Abstract
The paper discusses how hero stories must have an antagonist and a protagonist and must also place the protagonist in a situation in which he or she displays virtue by overcoming barriers at personal expense. The paper explains that as the story unfolds, the audience then begins to support the actions of the protagonist and his or her journey through the tale. The paper posits that because each of these elements have existed in all hero stories, it is apparent that although the settings and situations of modern day heroic tales may be different from those of the past, the basic structure would remain unchanged.

From the Paper
"Hero stories historically must have an antagonist and a protagonist. They must also place the protagonist in a situation in which he or she displays virtue by overcoming barriers at personal expense. As the story unfolds the audience then begins to support the actions of the protagonist and his or her journey through the tale. Because each of these elements have existed in all hero stories, it is apparent that although the settings and situations of modern day heroic tales may be different from those of the past, the basic structure would remain unchanged. The setting of the modern day hero story would be one in which the..."

Tags:modern, day, hero

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Sir Robert Peel is credited for laying the groundwork for modern day policing with the creation of nine basic principles in the early 1800s of London. The writer points out that Peel created the first structured police department in London with the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 in Parliament. London was considered successful in cutting crime and by 1857, the remaining cities within the United Kingdom were obligated to form their own police forces. The writer discusses that, although society has changed a great deal since the days of Sir Robert Peel, what has not changed is the nine principles used which were developed by Peel in the 1800s and which are considered the basis for modern law enforcement worldwide today. The writer concludes that other principles involving the development of trust between the police and community are the main foundations of the nine principles.

Outline:
Introduction
Sir Robert Peel
Peel's Nine Principles
Society's Diverse Policing Needs
Should Peel's Principles Be Modified?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The community policing concept not only coincides with the first principle but it also agrees with the third and seventh principles. The third principle states that the police must secure the cooperation and respect of the public and basically get them to respect the law. The seventh principle discusses how the police are the public and the public are the police. The seventh principle also mentions that ultimately the police must maintain the public interests at heart. The main concept of community policing is to have police officers be familiar with the communities that they service. A progressive initiative takes this concept to the next level in the City of Chicago known as the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy or CAPS."

Tags:law, enforcement, community, public, disorder

Abstract
The author of this paper examines historical, geographical and religious factors that influenced the development of modern day Iraq. The author contends that within the development of the state of Iraq there are two basic themes of historical continuity from ancient times to the present day: (1) creation and construction of the state (2) the process of economic and social development. Within these two themes there is a constant struggle to come together and to divide. The writer further states that Iraq has had a significant historical struggle with unity, as a result of many centuries of social, economic and political dominance of one group over another, be they ancient rulers or modern "secular" leaders. The paper goes on to examine aspects of that "historical struggle".

From the Paper
"From the more general theory, of geography and foreign interferance one must then discuss the ancient conflict between schools of the same faith, Sunni and Shi' Islam have been in constant struggle for power and representation over the years and to this day there is a clear sense that even modern representations of each of these schools are in a constant struggle to have their foundations build the nation and dominate the social and political arena. This point demonstrated well in the ebb and flow of history represented by Hourani, where he points out that the center of what became modern Iraq (Baghdad) is dominated by the Shi and to some degree still is, while the Sunni are frequently underrepresented and living on the fringes. (p. 35) The differences and similarities of these two faiths have driven them to different ends, and has frequently been the source of much conflict among even the most modern inhabitants of the nation, as it is reflected in a constant struggle to divide, and come together through representation and exclusion."

Tags:iraq sunni shia colonialism religion british bedouin, middle east, conflict

Abstract
This paper examines how the term "rhetoric" is used as philosophical advocacy for the validity of knowledge and critical topics concerning public policy. The paper deals with the importance of rhetoric in modern-day proceedings and its influence on governmental processes from decision making by presidents to that of the Congress. It also argues that rhetoric is far removed from reality.

From the Paper
"Honestly, however, it can be seen that the political discourses are being aimed to serve other objectives rather than simply put forth a description of real facts. It is evident that the leaders resort to deception, statements of ambiguous nature, and omission of critical issues for fear of contradiction without even taking care of the way the audiences construe their statements. It is therefore, imperative that the political deliberations are not to be taken as an honest account of the real world facts or the account of own visualizations of the speaker but to be analyzed in the perspectives of social objectives that it aims to fulfill."

Tags:Bush, Clinton, White, House

Abstract
This paper discusses Andrea Tone's article, "Black Market Birth Control: Contraceptive Entrepreneurship and Criminality in the Gilded Age." The paper describes the aim of the article, which is to generate a fuller understanding of the underground movement in birth control in the late 19th and early 20th century. The paper discusses the way that the article is presented and why this approach makes it a successful article and enjoyable to read.

From the Paper
"I really enjoyed the personal nature of the article, which not only allowed the piece to come alive instead of being yet another piece of dry historical work, but also really brought the issue to life since these kinds of laws trickle down to the individual, forcing them to make decisions they may have not ordinarily made. The photographs were also helpful in understanding how crude the science of birth control was at the time. Knowing this fact allows the reader to understand two things: first, how without the efforts of these clandestine entrepreneurs the safe and effective devices we have today would not have been invented. And secondly, it helps the audience understand why these laws were put in place to begin with because it illustrates how dangerous and unreliable the contraceptives were."

Tags:underground, personal, anecdotal

Abstract
This paper analyzes the situation of the modern day mall through the theories and perspectives of Foucault and Baudrillard. The paper relates that the mall selected in particular is the West Edmonton Mall, which is one of the largest malls in the world.

From the Paper
"Post-modern day shopping malls have expanded exponentially from the simple strip mall of the past. Malls these days attempt to become tourist attractions, places to visit while on holidays. One such mall of extraordinary size and temptation is the West Edmonton Mall (WEM) in Alberta, Canada. Holding the Guinness Book of World Records largest shopping center in the world, they proclaim themselves the `WEMiSphere,' on their website, a spin-off from their initials (WEM). It has over 800 stores, 21 movie theatres, a chapel, aquariums, a water-park, miniature golf, over one-hundred eating establishments, and much more. Built in four stages from 1981 to 1998, it spans almost fifty blocks in Edmonton. Clearly, this mall exhibits all criteria necessary to be described as a post-modern mall."

Tags:foucault, baudrillard, malls

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss the recurring problem of black markets, focusing on drug trafficking, nuclear weapons and human black markets. It points out the negative aspects with regard to black marketing, such as the obvious moral issues and the resulting problems to the community. It also attempts to propose some solutions to the problems of the various black market trades.

From the Paper
"Illegal substances have always been a magnet for black market profits. Prohibition failed largely because there was such a lucrative and enormous black market surrounding the manufacture and supply of illegal alcohol. Many family fortunes were made during prohibition, when drinking was made illegal, but people drank anyway. The same thing happens when prices are fixed in an attempt to reduce or regulate consumption."

Tags:drug, trafficking, nuclear, weapons, human, organ, baby, slave, trade

Abstract
This paper explains that Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. mobilized an entire race to stand up for their rights while making another race reflect upon all of their cruelties and injustices against their fellow human beings and Henry David Thoreau's "Civil Disobedience" determined which of these men's method was more effective in seeking equality for all or most of mankind. The author points out that the United States is faced with another injustice from which there will be no way for one group to gain justice without compromising another group: The problem of the illegal immigrants who sneak into this country every day. The paper concludes that, when seeking justice for fellow Americans who might be denied basic rights to accommodate the rights of others, it is the responsibility of all concerned citizens to speak up by following the path of Reverend King and march to every state's capitol building and fight for these rights.

From the Paper
"There are many people who empathize with the plight of these people who are simply coming here in search of better opportunities. Certainly, King's demonstration of courage lives on in this new group that is now clamoring for the human rights of another oppressed group. There is no denying that ours is a land of opportunity with so much to offer, but these same human rights activists might use the same energy they are employing here to mobilize a mass of concerned citizens in the countries that illegal immigrants are fleeing from. Justice must surely be at least a concept in most of the free world today."

Tags:equal, protection, security, march, welfare