Abstract
This paper examines the fight to restrict development in the area of Darby Creek, Ohio. It documents the agreements formed with 10 jurisdictions and the City of Columbus to restrict development and ensure protection of the waterways, streams, and wetlands.

From the Paper
"A plan is nearing completion to control development and therefore protect water quality in Darby Creek in Central Ohio. (Tetzloff) The Darby Creek Association has been struggling for years to get a commitment by all jurisdictions in the Franklin County portion of the watershed to cap growth at the current by right zoning. This means no additional housing will be permitted other than what current zoning would allow which is mostly new residential. This would mean an additional residence could be built in the roughly..."

Tags:Darby Creek, Columbus, Ohio, conservation, environment, wetlands

Abstract
The paper examines Ambrose Bierce's short story "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge." The paper looks at the author's style of lyric realism and the use of irony. The paper reviews the main character and the plot.

From the Paper
"Ambrose Bierce wrote "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" in order to crawl inside the minds of her audience and psychologically play with their brains just to find out what might happen at the other end. The detailed characterization of the unlucky protagonist, as well as the elegantly crafted style of the narrative work together produce the irony that so often characterizes Bierce's writing and causes us to marvel at its composition."

Tags:bierce, ambrose, owl creek bridge

Abstract
The paper explains that the Creek Indians believed that the Giver and Taker of Breath gave more wisdom to the Whiteman, but that the Creek had more sincerity and spoke from the heart. The paper further explains that the elders of the Creek Indian believed that the Whiteman and the Creek came for the same God, but the difference between the abilities of each race was a great divide that needed to be crossed. The paper mentions that since the Creek Indian was not educated in white schools the communication between the Creek and the Whiteman was strictly one of honor (Saunt 186-187).

From the Paper
"The Creek Indians believed that the Giver and Taker of Breath gave more wisdom to the Whiteman, but that the Creek had more sincerity and spoke from the heart. The elders of the Creek Indian believed that the Whiteman and the Creek came for the same God, but the difference between the abilities of each race was a great divide that needed to be crossed. Since the Creek Indian was not educated in white schools the communication between the Creek and the Whiteman was strictly one of honor (Saunt, 186-187)."

Tags:writing, african, american, leadership

Abstract
This paper examines how the Sand Creek and Rosewood Massacres are two occurrences of the most vicious aspects of evil that were brought about as a result of fear, greed, and most of all, racism. It looks at how the Sand Creek Massacre was a massacre of Indians, whereas the Rosewood Massacre was a massacre of African-Americans and how the Sand Creek Massacre occurred in 1864, while Rosewood occurred in democratic America. The paper also discusses how there are many differences as well as similarities between the two and how, in the past hundred years, researchers have recognized that the relationship between race and violence has often led to virtual genocidal acts against minority groups, examples of which appear within these two massacres.

From the Paper
"On Jan 1, the KKK rallied, preparing for war. The whites burned five houses, a church. It was stated, "everything that looked black was killed". (Morning Tribune, Jan 5-6, 1923) One newspaper reported white authorities as having said that "unless the blacks surrender they will be smoked out". (Evening Independent, Jan 5, 1923) Ted Cole, an ex-soldier from Chicago, had just come to Rosewood. He rallied the blacks to resist the attack. The governor at that time, Cary Hardee, sent a telegram early Friday, Jan 5th, to Sheriff Walker on whether to call the National Guard. The governor did not wait for the feedback from Sheriff Walker; rather he went on an outing to a hunting trip. By the time all was said and done, only twelve houses belonging to blacks were left in Rosewood. Rosewood no longer exists as a community today. After 1923, whites that paid the government taxes on the land took most of the properties belonging to blacks. (Evening Independent Jan 5, 1923)"

Tags:klu, klux, klan, John, Chivington

Abstract
This paper frelates that, by deconstructing the collective use of literary techniques by Ambrose Bierce's in "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge", the reader can understand why this short story has become a classic. The paper examines each of the three parts of the story for subtle clues that are hidden within its context to guide the reader into the ending of the story, which is a split-second long dream. The paper also observes that the use of foreshadowing, the main character's own sense of time and its distortion, strengthens and legitimizes the shocking ending of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge".

From the Paper
"Part two of the story is a flashback that takes the reader into the events leading to the occurrence taking place at Owl Creek Bridge. It opens with brief description of Peyton Farquhar's occupation, background, and his devotion to the Confederate cause of the Civil War. It is also said that although he was unable to join the Confederate army for undisclosed reasons, he still has the heart of a soldier. It is then that a soldier, dressed in confederate attire stops at the Farquhar residence for a glass of water."

Tags:narrator, lengthy description, flashback foreshadowing dream

Abstract
This paper explains that, in February of 1972, a dam built of coal waste refuse collapsed, unleashing a torrent of water and waste, sludge derived from coal-mining and coal-washing operations, killing 25 people and leaving the four thousand survivors homeless, their lives devastated, and their personal properties destroyed. The author recounts that Washington DC-based Arnold and Porter, for which Gerald Stern worked, took on the case; Stern's work as an advocate for disenfranchised minority citizens of the American Deep South made him an ideal and idealistic lawyer representing the survivors of the Buffalo Creek disaster. The paper relates the two main aspects to the Buffalo Creek Disaster lawsuit, which Stern won,: (1) The plaintiffs had to prove that Pittston was not simply careless or negligent, but was actually recklessly responsible for the disaster; and (2) Stern had to come up with monetary figures for his plaintiffs, assessing the damages due to them should the lawsuit be successful.

From the Paper
"Following the disaster, which occurred in a section of rural Logan County, West Virginia, the coal company blamed nature, calling the dam failure an "act of God." This vague term was meant to assuage the survivors of the disaster and ease the pain of losing their loved ones and friends. However, the collapse of a waste water dam was obviously no "act of God" and it became apparent that the only way to prevent the coal company from getting away with their gross negligence was to sue and sue big. Stern had hoped to file criminal as well as civil charges against Pittston, the New York corporation that owned the Buffalo Mining Company. Although the Buffalo Mining Company was itself the owner of the dam, Stern reasoned that it would be far simpler and more effective to directly sue Pittston. Part of this decision was based on what Pittston describes as "piercing the corporate veil.""

Tags:negligence, coal-mining, survivors, judgment, plaintiffs

Abstract
On February 26, 1972, the coal waster dam at Buffalo Creek collapsed and flooded Logan County's communities with water, sludge, waste and rubble. More than 125 people were killed, 1000 were injured and 4000 left homeless. This paper focuses on this disaster which was not attributed to mother nature. The Buffalo Creek Disaster of 1972, in many circles within the Appalachian community, was considered to be the fault of a mining company. In contrast, the mining company's upper management claim that the dam breaking was an act of God. From an outside point of view, it is difficult to decide which is correct and this is what continues to create controversy. This paper looks at the disaster from many standpoints. First, this paper describes exactly what happened that fateful morning. It looks at different accounts and descriptions of the event. Second, this paper examines the existing trauma still evident among the disaster's survivors and also explores how this event has affected the coal mining industry from the worker's perspective. Third, this paper looks at the lawsuit that quickly followed as part of the aftermath. Finally, this paper attempts to determine who is to blame. The paper looks at steps that the coal-mining executives have taken to improve dam technology and other business practices that seem to incriminate.

Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Disaster
Survivors' Trauma and Long Term Affects
The Lawsuit
Who is to Blame?
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"The people of Buffalo Creek would like to see someone accountable for the disaster. Even before the collapse, many citizens had gone to Pittston to complain and display their concern over the dam's safety. Giardina writes, "residents of Buffalo Creek had repeatedly complained to the company that dam was unsafe but had received no response" (2). This would later become an issue as the settlement was being decided based on three out of five manifestations of survivor syndrome. The three being: death imprint, death guilt and psychic numbing."

Tags:PTSD, coal, miner, Lloyds, insurance

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion about the book "Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie" and its main points. It also critiques a review of the book and presents several points that were lacking in the opinion of this paper's author.

Abstract
This paper describes the battle of Wilson's Creek, which is often overlooked when recounting Civil War skirmishes. The writer includes a complete order of the battle and identifies several notables in this battle, among others - Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon and Colonel Franz Sigel.

From the Paper
"On the edge of the meadow was a low rail fence; the Rebels rallied under the shelter of it, and, as if by some inspiration or immediate change of orders, they broke it down in places and started for our artillery. As they got nearer to us, their own artillery ceased firing, because it endangered them. When they got close the firing began on both sides. How long it lasted I do not know; it was probably 20 minutes. Every man was shooting as fast, on our side, as he could load, and yelling as loud as his breath would permit. Most were on the ground, some on one knee. The foe stopped advancing."(Bearss, 109) That's the way it was on August 10, 1861, as seen through the eyes of a soldier from Kansas in Union service. The field of battle is silent now, broken only by the occasional tourist, school group, historian, or Civil War reenactment group camped on the site. Now administered by the National Park Service, the area known as Wilson's Creek National Battlefield was the site of some of the most savage fighting on American soil up to that time. The carnage of Shiloh, Antietam, Gettysburg, and Cold Harbor were still far in the future."

Tags:arkansas, bloody, civil, corn, field, hill, history, lyon, mcculloch, missouri, pea, pearce, price, ridge, rolla, sigel, war, wilson

Abstract
The author states that she is addicted to "Dawson Creek", but that her addiction has positive aspects because it has interested her in becoming a screen writer and into being serious about her studies. In addition to presenting an overview of the series, its characters and plots, the website is reviewed. The author warns not to dig too deeply into the story.

From the Paper
"Perhaps, to me, the series is a little more than something to look forward to. I have begun to wonder if this source has subliminally crafted my personality and as well as my future. Earlier this month I had begun to show an interest in script writing. Dawson, like me, has left his home and friends, to become a filmmaker. He wants to be a film maker, and I am showing interest in script writing."

Tags:television, series, website, teenage, scriptwriting, characters, vocabulary, plots, influence