Abstract This paper talks about the knowledge of a world that realized through meditation and the ability of a person to access the inner perception of their mind. This paper also discusses Rousseau's belief that the foundation of the ultimate truth is obtained through one's soul and through feeling.
From the Paper "Rousseau starts his meditation by doubting everything including the opinions and the things he had been told to believe until he reaches the point where he cannot be certain about anything in the world. After he reached the state of uncertainty and doubt, he decides to accept things that are self-evident and things that he cannot refuse to believe naturally (pg.237). The very first truth that accepts is that he exists and he has senses that affect him (pg.238). After realizing his existence, he realizes that there are other objects exist also, and he has the ability to perceive and compare those objects. He makes a distinction between perceiving and comparing. Perceiving is passive because it is merely sensing the objects and comparing is an active thinking because counting, judging and comparing are the activities of the mind."
Abstract This paper discusses the meaning of corporate racial discrimination, its consequences, the response of the firms that are allegedly practicing it and the methods of fostering corporate diversity. Racial discrimination is referred to any set of actions that discriminate on the basis of race, color, cast or creed. It shows how in the corporate world, racial discrimination can take the form of categorizing employees, customers and suppliers on the basis of their race, cast, color, or creed by treating them in a relatively negative way as compared to other races. It explains racial discrimination through the example of two different companies, Denny?s, a food service chain in the United States ,and Texaco Inc. regarding their treatment of minority workers and the consequences of the allegations of their action.
From the Paper "In 1993, six US Secret Service agents who happened to be African-Americans went to Denny's for breakfast. After waiting for a considerable period of time and complaining to the manager, when they still did not get served, they filed a class-action race-discrimination lawsuit against Denny"s. Not only did the management at Denny's had to respond to this lawsuit but they were further forced to deal with the myriad complaints and lawsuits that followed this event. As a consequence of racial discrimination that was being practiced at Denny"s, the firm had to pay $54 million to 294,000 discriminated customers and their lawyers (Abes et.al, 2000). Furthermore, Denny's was obliged into signing a decree with the US Justice Department where the firm agreed to publicize non-discriminatory policies and retrain existing employees about the same. Moreover the firm's outlets came under the constant supervision of the Justice Department, for the following seven years, where they would be judged continually for any evidence of racial discrimination."
Abstract In this paper, the writer looks at the philosophies of Christianity. In the writer's examination of the creeds of Christianity, the philosophies of Buddhism are also discussed. This article offers a comparison and contrast of the creeds of Christianity, with those found in various concepts of Buddhism.
From the Paper "The philosophies of Christianity and Buddhism have much in common, though they remain quite distinct from one another in a number of ways. With respect to creeds, both Christians and Buddhists have a number of screeds or guiding principles that form the fundamental beliefs of each philosophy. The Apostle's Creed is one of the oldest Catholic creeds basically embodying the fundamental beliefs of Christians particularly with respect to Jesus Christ and redemption Buddhism likewise maintains various screeds expressed in such concepts as karma ... "
Abstract The paper discusses how the decade of the 1960s was one of the most momentous, since major anti-discrimination laws were passed to clarify the rights of all people. The paper relates that civil rights laws, passed in 1957, 1960 and 1964, promised voting and employment equality, but were enforced poorly or ignored. The paper discusses how the fight for equal rights for all individuals regardless of race, creed, religion, color or gender continues in the United States until today. The paper concludes that the decade of the 1960s will always be known as one of change and evolution.
From the Paper "Some scholars say that because the framers of the U.S. Constitution were a relatively group of white men, many of whom had been educated at the country's best schools and were from some of the best families, the document produced was biased in various ways. For example, in 1987 Justice Thurgood Marshall said that the Constitution was "defective from the start," that its first words--"We the People"--excluded "the majority of American citizens," because it left out blacks and women."
Abstract This paper discusses the life and achievements of Dorothy Irene Height, a woman who made significant strides in the area of black rights. The paper describes her long career that spanned over five decades, in which she was a leader in the fight for equality and rights for all people regardless of their race, creed or color. The paper describes Heights contributions today, as a woman in her nineties.
From the Paper "Height has won numerous awards during her lifetime of community work. Recently, she won the Camille Cosby World of Children Award; NAFEO Distinguished Leadership Award; Stellar Award; the Spirit of Cincinnati Ambassador Award; National Caucus and Center on Black Aged Living Legacy Award; the Caring Institute's Caring Award; the Generous Heart Award from the Olender Foundation; and the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Freedom from Want Award. The NAACP awarded her the Spingarn Medal, and she was inducted into The National Women's Hall of Fame. In addition, 19 colleges and universities have given her honorary doctorates (African American Registry)."
Abstract This paper clearly explains the various aspects of the Islamic religion, culture and way of life. The writer contends that the Islamic religion is in some ways the most clear-cut and simple of all the religions. Muslims submit to the will of Allah and believe that there is no god but Allah and that Mohammed is his prophet. The Koran is a very important part of Islamic life, as it instructs them what to do on a daily basis. This paper details the five rules all Muslims must follow every day of their lives which include: Faith in Allah, prayer five times a day and pilgrimage to Mecca. This paper also delves into the ideology of Islam which consists of two key aspects: a set of beliefs i.e. the creed and a system of rules regulating man's actions emanating from that creed.
From the Paper "The Koran is a very important part of Islamic life. This is because it tells them what to do on a daily basis. It is made up of things that Mohammed said and his companions recorded by either memorization or on paper which were later gathered. In school, children study the Koran every day. Muslims believe all 114 of the Koran's suras, or chapters and study them. It discusses man's fate when he dies and gives clear direction for his behavior with his rewards and punishments for when he dies. The Koran states that a true believer must honor his parents, help the poor, protect orphans, be honorable and fair in all of his dealings, avoid strong drink, gambling, and pork, and be humble before Allah. All Muslims believe that the Koran is God's words spoken through Mohammed through the angel Gabriel. It also forbids lying, stealing, adultery, and murder. In the Koran, there are five basic rules that a Muslim must follow. They are referred to as the Five Pillars of Islam. The Five Pillars of Islam are: Belief in Allah, Prayer Five Times a Day, Almsgiving, Keeping the Fast of Ramadan, and Pilgrimage to Mecca. A Muslim must follow these five pillars every day of his life."
Abstract In this paper the author examines the work of Voltaire and looks at social evil as demonstrated in Candide. The author makes mention of what happened to Candide and suggest that human beings are able, through great philosophical effort and not through mere creed and dogma, to create some good out of the sweat of one's own brow and the effort of one's own mind.
From the paper:
?Voltaire is secular in the sense that he mocks religion and is anti-Catholic in the sense that he does not believe in innate human goodness. Yet his belief that the only value lies in acceptance of the world as it is, which Candide finally achieves, also shows that he is not entirely a cynic.?
This essay examines and analyzes Muhammad's influence in the founding of the Islamic Empire. It also describes patterns and draws conclusions on the four historical phases of Islamic history that followed his death, up to the mid-20th century.
3,530 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 4 sources, 2002, $ 99.95
Abstract This paper traces the path of the prophet Muhammad. It traces his life, teachings and the history surrounding Islam and Arab History.
Muhammad is rightly recognized as one of the most influential persons in history. His strong character and the astute political and spiritual leadership he provided helped shape an amazing age of human progress and unify most of the Arab world with a creed that has lasted over a thousand years.
From the paper:
"In addition to arriving at a time when political and religious weaknesses were present in the Middle East, Muhammad was also able to capitalize on the need for linguistic unity during this period of history. There was no dominant language used throughout the Arabian Peninsula, only various dialects of Arabic, but Muhammad brought a common language forth through Islam. While not requiring citizens of his expanding empire to become Muslims, he did insist that the Quran and God's messages had been given to him in the Arabic language. The Quran was the first book to written in Arabic and Muslims believed it was the language in which it had been revealed; thus it had a huge impact on Islamic history and the cultural growth in the empire.
Tags: arab, east, islam, middle, mohammad, muhammad, muslim, quran, god, teachings, world, war, II, penninsula, ottoman, turks
Abstract The paper defines rational organizations as those which seek to develop structure and coordinate their activities in response to technical requirements and in relation to the complexity of the task environment they face. The paper shows how Johnson & Johnson has established its mission and vision by putting in place a rational organizational structure, defining reporting relationships, establishing a project management methodology and infrastructure, developing a communications plan in support of the group's global leadership role, creating position descriptions, and recruiting. A history of the company is also discussed.
From the Paper "Johnson & Johnson attributes the success of its organization structure to its management of each separate part as part of a functioning, single entity. By grouping its global affiliates into three business segments and then overlaying each segment and its affiliates with a transparent structure of alignment, Johnson & Johnson has created a unique organization structure."
Tags: health, care, creed, Ortho, Janssen, Pharmaceutical, Band-Aid
Compares Christian & Jewish groups. Looks at their origins, separatism, communalism, leadership, structure, creeds, education, clothing, work and gender relations.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, 1999, $ 71.95
From the Paper " The Amish and Hasidic religious systems have much in common. Both are pietistic spiritual movements. Both eschew secularization and favor separation of their communities from the outside world. And both religions were founded about three hundred years ago. A shortcoming of the way of life of the Amish and Hasidim, however, is their subordination of women and their restrictions on education.
The Amish Church resulted from dissension within the Mennonite religious sect of Europe. The principle point of disagreement that caused the rift was the interpretation of the "Meidung," the practice of shunning or avoiding a member of the church who had broken a rule. The Mennonites interpreted Meidung as merely excluding the banned person from the communion table. Jakob Ammann, insisted that Meidung meant shunning the banned.."
Abstract The paper discusses the style of writing which Ernest Hemingway is famous for - the prose style. It discusses how this is a very purposeful and designed method of writing meant to achieve a certain intimacy between the reader and the story and a realistic depiction of the story in which themes are invoked rather than spelled-out. The paper examines how this style of writing relates to Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants". It illustrates how the themes of this story are invoked, symbolically and otherwise, and how things are left behind the narrative frame, to demonstrate the effectiveness of Hemingway's narrative creed, that less is more, and that what is best in a story is left mostly hidden.
From the Paper "One of the main themes in this story is communication, or rather the lack of communication. The story skillfully and painfully depicts the difficulty of talking about abortion. First off, neither character ever specifies the nature of the "operation". Secondly, they are constantly dancing around the subject through such small-talk stuff like the girl's comment that the hills "look like white elephants". Yet, Hemingway skillfully invokes the underlying tension through certain tonal shifts in each person's remarks, from sarcastic to earnest to resigned. For example, the man's response that "Just because you say I wouldn't have doesn't prove anything" invokes a sense of animosity towards the girl. Then Hemingway invokes a similar sentiment in the girl's attitude, with her suddenly sarcastic remark ?'Everything tastes of liquorice. Especially all the things you've waited so long for, like absinthe.? Even though at this point in the story we don"t have any clues as to the nature of this tension between both characters, we know that absinthe is an anesthetic, and that the man wants her to do something she does not want to do, something she hasn"t "waited so long for"."
Abstract Analyzes the relevance and impact of John Dewey's seminal work DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION, as well as his other work. Dewey's philosophical ideas & premises. Theory of Relevancy in education. Progressive education. His pedagogic creed.on the purpose of schools. How educators have accepted or taken issue with his premise. Contends Dewey did not write about Democracy as an ideal, but as a real fact.
From the Paper "Democracy and Education
One of the primary problems of analyzing the relevance and impact of John Dewey's seminal work, Democracy and Education, involves the task of separating the philosophical ideas that Dewey proposed in his work from the many ways he has been misinterpreted today. A thorough reading of the book is necessary to determine what he believed was essential in the concept of educating for democracy. Only the most hardened cynic would attempt arguments against Dewey's supposition in Chapter 7, (when he begins tying his generalized thoughts into more specific assumptions) that "education is a social function, securing direction and development in the immature through their participation in the life of the group to which they belong, is to say in effect that education will vary with the quality of life..."
A compare and contrast analysis of the attitude toward women in the three main monotheistic religions of today's world--Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
Abstract This paper discusses discrimination against women based on religious beliefs by examining the different creeds of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism and how they affect women. It evaluates the changing role of women in each of the religions and analyzes how the treatment of women in all three religions seems to stem from Eve's original sin in the Garden of Eden. It looks at how Judaism and Christianity have grown more lenient over the years with reforms to the religion such as allowing coed seats in Synagogues and allowing women to preach whereas Islam still preserves its strict treatment and women are considered second class citizens.
From the Paper "In today's world, religions play a much smaller role than what it used to be centuries ago. Still, in many places, cultures, and societies, religion remains the predominant source for norms on human rights, etiquette, how to rule, how to live, think, dress, etc. Although, from a Western point of view, it is hard to imagine that religion would be of such great importance and influence over one's life, there are numerous places where people do not need to imagine--this is their reality."
Abstract This paper attempts to answer the unanswered question of all time, the existence of God. It attempts to explain the different "proofs" and theories presented by both sides, the theists and the atheists. It examines theories such as the Cosmological argument that there is a concept of a beginning, the starting point of all events (contingent beings) and Vacuum Genesis, a theory based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for mass and time. It also looks at the creeds of philosophers such as St. Thomas Aquinas and Saint Anselm of Canterbury.
From the Paper "St. Thomas Aquinas addressed this predicament in his "Five Ways" to God, in his published works entitled Summa Theologica. Aquinas's first proof for God concerns motion; everything around us is in a process of motion. That which moves is moved by another, and that by another, and so forth. Following this path in regression, we must come to the first cause of motion, which in itself is not moving ? thus the unmoved mover. Aquinas's second way to God is analogous to the first, except it concerns efficient cause; nothing in nature is the cause of itself, for that would mean it preceded itself, which is impossible, so an effect must always have a cause, regressing backward in time; we must end at the first cause, the cause for everything ? God."
Abstract This paper explains that the state of Arizona is attempting to pass an "English First" referendum, which would require that only English is used on ballots. The author feels that the "English First" referendum represents a subversion of civil liberties guaranteed to all citizens of any creed or color under the Bill of Rights. This paper states that the purpose of this proposal is to establish a system of data collection that would penetrate the effects of such a referendum upon the psyche of Spanish-speaking voters. The paper seeks funding to complete this research and presents a brief technical outline of the project.
From the Paper "The "English First" referendum is essentially duplicitous by nature; in promoting English, it is demoting other languages to beyond a secondary status. In fact, many perceive it as a direct threat to all other spoken languages in Arizona- in relegating Spanish to merely a "home spoken" language, many Spanish speaking families contend that the "English First" referendum would serve only to remove Spanish speakers from the democratic process and the spheres of public life. Concerns also have been voiced regarding the threats to tolerance among the races that may be inherent in any referendum that seeks to denounce specific cultural attributes as not merely inappropriate, but unlawful."
Tags: questionnaire, proposal, spanish, vote, rights
