Abstract
This paper explores the relationship of debtor and creditor relationships through examining the various repercussions from a single scenario, depending on whether the debtor or the creditor is the party to file bankruptcy.

Abstract
A comparison of these two stories which shows how the authors Athol Fugard and Chinua Achebe achieved their subjective variations on the theme of human oppression.

From the Paper
"The theme in Master Harold is also the oppression of human beings by discrimination, but in this story, the oppression is racial. Sam, a black man, has been a major male figure in the life of young, white Hally. Hally and Sam were very close during Hally's childhood, but he did not consider the older man to be his equal. Sam cannot sit on the same park bench with the boy because he is black. But during the course of the play, we see Hally pull rank on Sam and put aside their equality because Harold is white and Sam is not. "

Tags:africa, colonialism

Abstract
This paper looks at how African writer Chinua Achebe gives the reader insight into the realities of modern African culture and argues that inequality and discrimination can drive a person into committing deadly crimes.

From the Paper
The characters play key roles in presenting both sides of the racial discrimination issue in "The Vengeful Creditor." The issue can be broken down into rich vs. poor and power vs. impotence. We see a wealthy family who lives in the capitol and drives a Mercedes and whose children attend private school. On the other side, we see a poor black family living in poverty conditions. The story is full of messages and symbols that support the author's argument that inequality and discrimination can lead to acts of desperation in search for equality because the poor "hard luck" characters have nothing to lose and everything to gain.

Tags:discrimination, class, wealth, crime

Abstract
" Here, it appears, the petition would not be granted because the general partner - Beren - who filed the petition filed it incorrectly. He filed an involuntary petition. An involuntary petition can only be filed by a creditor or creditors of the entity, not an owner as Beren is. Beren should have filed a voluntary petition, which is described in the Bankruptcy Code under Voluntary Bankruptcy as "...filed by any individual, partnership, and corporation ... may qualify to file under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code". It is possible that the partnership is not - what could be defined as - technically bankrupt. This occurs when total liabilities exceed total assets. "

From the Paper
A RESEARCH PAPER ON BANKRUPTCY FILINGS BUSINESS BANKRUPTCY EVENTS 1. Petition: A partner in a three member general partnership entity that owns real property in the partnership name is stated to have filed an involuntary petition requesting the placement of the partnership into Chapter 7 Bankruptcy. Here, it appears, the petition would not be granted because the general partner - Beren - who filed the petition filed it incorrectly. He filed an involuntary petition. An involuntary petition can only be filed by a

Tags:business, bankruptcy, studies

Abstract
This paper uses the ideas from the book "Getting to Yes" and applies them to a case in which a debtor owes money to a creditor company that it cannot pay,

From the Paper
"Amy Siegel is credit manager for Star Computer Components, a manufacturer of printed circuit boards. One of Amy's collectors told Amy that she has been unable to reach anyone at Odyssey Electronics Inc. to discuss a past due balance. Amy reviewed the credit file and found the following information about Odyssey: The debtor company is four years old. It employs eighteen people. A credit report shows Amy's company is one of Odyssey's two largest creditors."

Tags:Negotiation, debt collection, collection tools, getting to yes, negotiation strategies

From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION

The problem of international debt financing reached the crisis level in the late 1980s and the first two years of this young decade; however, efforts by the United States government and several international financial entities have proved effective in lessening the threat posed to international financial markets. The cooperation of major American banking institutions was essential for the success of the international strategies, since these American banks held much of the outstanding debt particularly debt issued to Latin American nations. This paper will first investigate the international debt problem, including examination of its effect on banks in the United States, then the focus will shift to analysis of the measures enacted to begin the process of solving the crisis ..."

From the Paper
"This research will examine the successes and failures of the expansion of the global economy at income distribution between creditor and debtor nations and between social classes in Latin America. The origins of the global economy" will be discussed and its eventual transformation from a purely liberal perspective to today s neoliberal perspective will be charted. Finally, the current impact of the neoliberal global economy on income distribution in Latin America will be assessed.

The expansion of the global economy--especially as guided by the neoliberal perspectives of the creditor countries and the International Monetary Fund--has had a dramatic, albeit less than successful, impact on economic growth in Latin American countries. The philosophy of creditor countries to promote economic growth in Latin America and elsewhere in the Third World..."

Abstract
This paper answers the question as to whether the doctrine of ultra vires has in fact acted to the detriment of the shareholders and creditors it initially aimed to protect. The paper takes a chronological approach, concentrating firstly on the origins of the doctrine and then following the changes made to it by the judiciary and through legislative intervention. The paper reaches the conclusion that the doctrine has been misapplied and misused from its very conception and no longer holds any benefit for shareholders or creditors.

Outline:
Introduction
The Origins and Purpose of the Doctrine of Ultra Vires
Towards a Less Restrictive Approach
Rethinking the Construction of Objects Clauses
Ultra Vires and the Equitable Doctrine of Constructive Notice
Legislative Intervention
The Proposed Abolition of the Ultra Vires Doctrine
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The ultra vires rule was one of judicial law-making, developed at a time when there was much distrust of companies and was predicated on the notion that shareholders and creditors needed protection from "managerial overreaching" , namely the misappropriation of investment or credit from said parties into funding ultra vires activities. Though its origins can be traced back as far as the early 1700s , the earliest case to deal with doctrine as it exists in relation to modern registered companies is Ashbury Railway Carriage Company v Riche . The plaintiff company, whose stated object was the manufacture and sale of railway carriages and rolling stock, entered into a contract with the defendant to finance him in the construction of a railway in Belgium. The contract was later repudiated and Ashbury sued for damages. The defendants contended that the agreement was ultra vires and therefore void ab initio. The court held that as a statutory company, established under the Joint Stock Companies Act 1862, it had limited contractual capacity and that this particular contract was ultra vires. This was predicated on the notion that such statutory companies, being formed by the state using state funds, were generally quite powerful and so the courts imposed the ultra vires rule in order to redress of the imbalance of power between the company and the individuals dealing with them."

Tags:judiciary, liability, memorandum, Companies, Consolidation, and, Reform, Bill

Abstract
This paper examines how Japan has the second largest economy in the world with a high Domestic Product (GDP) and a very high standard of living. Japan?s foreign exchange reserves are the largest in the world ($203.22US billion in 1998) and Japan is the world's largest creditor. It analyzes the reasons for the downturn in its economy in the 1990s during which Japan found itself in 1997 in its worst recession since World War II. It examines the several significant structural adjustments that needed be made to the Japanese economy as recommended by economists in order to normalize its economy. It discusses issues such as the need for the banks to clean up bad debts and the steps corporate management had to take to deal with the effect of having to pay the world's highest labor costs, which resulted from the strong yen pushing up Japan's average wages to the highest in the world. It also looks at the effects of globalization on Japanese industry.

From the Paper
"The Japanese economy faces several challenges in its attempt to normalize its economy. Its history of government intervention is contrary to classical economic free-market theories that would argue the economy should be left unregulated so that it could correct itself. While Japanese government intervention may have been necessary in the post-war period, its artificial schemes may now hinder it progress. For example, Japan must control its costs to compete with global prices. Yet, the Japanese government continues to set the prices of services, in particular the prices of utility services such as the prices of electricity, communications services, and highway tolls. The government determines these prices by adding what is called reasonable profit margins onto costs."

Tags:free-market, globalozation, industry, yen

Abstract
This paper deals with the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. The author examines the historical relationship between West Germany and the former Soviet Union from the Cold War period. The paper discusses the opening of economic ties between West Germany and the rest of Western Europe.

From the paper:

"The war in Vietnam greatly increased US government spending on weapons and other supplies, the demand for which American industry could not fully meet. To fill the rest of the orders, the US turned to the other Western industrialized countries, in many cases West Germany and Japan. This increased spending helped jumpstart the economies of these countries, moving both West Germany and Japan from debtor to creditor nations as they achieved large trade surpluses. As it grew more powerful economically, West Germany took a more independent path politically."

Tags:cold, invasion, oestpolitik, states, union, united, war, west, industrialization, money, finance, reform, control