Abstract This paper explains that, although many people believed that the stock market crash was the cause of the Great Depression, many other factors played a role in bringing about this depression. The author points out that one of the causes was the maldistribution of wealth. The paper states that a second factor was a lack of diversification in the American economy in the 1920s. The author stresses that a third major problem was the creditstructure of the economy, which put farmers deeply in dept. The paper relates that declining exports and the unstable international debt structure also influenced the coming of the Great Depression. The author underscores that the speculative boom in the stock market was based upon confidence; whereas, the huge market crash of 1929 was based on fear.
From the Paper "During the 1920s, the share of the national income going to families in the upper-income increased. Tax policies contributed to this concentration of wealth by lowering personal income tax rates, eliminating the wartime excess-profits tax, and increasing deductions that favored affluent individuals and corporations. In 1929, the poorest forty percent of the population received only twelve and a half percent of aggregate family income, whereas the wealthiest five percent received thirty percent. Moreover, for an economy to function properly, demand must equal supply."
This paper addresses the credit report, including how and why a credit report is important and exactly how the credit report can impact the individual.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, 2002, $ 71.95
Abstract This paper addresses the credit report, including how and why a credit report is important and exactly how the credit report can impact the individual. This paper provides information first on the appropriate steps necessary to acquire a full credit report, and the reasons the average consumer might wish to do so. This paper then investigates the scams that accompany credit and credit reports in order to better inform the reader of the problems that might occur in acquiring a credit report through non- official channels.
Tags: BUSINESS / FINANCE, ECONOMICS, ACCOUNTING, the credit report
Abstract This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of credit risk management software as a risk mitigation tool. The author explains the use of credit-scoring models. The paper demonstrates the application of credit-scoring to CRM software.
From the Paper "For more than four decades, creditors doing business with consumers have been using credit-scoring models to determine if applicants are good credit risks. Information about an applicant's credit history including the amount of debt they have outstanding their bill-paying history any history of late payments and the number of times they have been sued or placed for collection are all factors that CRM programs use to establish an appropriate credit limit for a consumer credit applicant. Fay Hansen in "Business Credit" reports that a few years ago ....."
Abstract This paper discusses credit derivatives in modern banking. The paper gives a brief outline of credit derivatives, and further discusses the concept of how they function within the global market. The paper examines occurrences within banking in relation to credit derivatives and how these events have affected the worldwide opinion regarding the limitations of these transactions. The paper draws conclusions from the research provided, and offers opinions for the future of credit derivatives in banking.
From the Paper "When the economy is stable and interest rates are low, banks traditionally struggle for profits because there is not a significant need for loans from consumers or big business. In these moments of financial peace, banks needed methods that would ensure they could survive independently on the downfall of the economy in order to remain solvent. Credit derivatives were born of such concern, allowing bankers, and others, the ability to reduce their risk by selling risk to other parties. Risk was still maintained by lending institutions, but the prospect of intense profit margins was the deciding factor for most banks to begin to participate in credit derivatives. The research will demonstrate that bank use of credit derivatives has been a recorded success, and that credit derivatives continue to grow across the globe as a boom to the banking industry. However, limitations do exist connected with credit derivatives."
Highlights the main reasons why membership in the Employee Federal Credit Union (EFCU) is shrinking and why individuals are opting for commercial banking when credit unions offer loans at lower rates.
Abstract This research report addresses the main reasons why EFCU has encountered a decline in membership and what is prompting people to borrow from other financial bodies. In order to better understand these reasons, however, the paper first looks at why people are initially attracted to credit unions instead of commercial banks and the principles that guide the growth of credit unions. The report is based on a survey of EFCU members, which was conducted through mailed questionnaires.
From the Paper "This has been a major setback for most federal credit unions including EFCU the number of its members has decreased and many existing members prefer commercial banks to meet their loan requirements. While the governmental regulations are certainly playing a dominant role in poor performance of credit unions in last few years, we must not forget how banking industry has persistently forced the government to develop such legislation. The worst part is that due to this persistent challenges, market share of credit unions came down to 12% in 1995 from 13% in 1980 while that of bans increased from 50 to 56% during these fifteen years."
Abstract This paper provides an extensive review of the recent literature relevant to pricing credit derivatives. The paper discusses new developments in credit derivative pricing and explains that these new developments are those innovations that expand or clarify the existing variations models for credit derivatives.
From the Paper "The purpose of this study is to review new developments in the pricing of credit derivatives. Credit derivatives, essentially insurance against credit risk through the structuring of and trading in of synthetic financial assets, are little more than a decade old. Thus, a skeptic might state that almost anything that occurs in the credit derivative market reflects a new development. The perspective providing the focus in this study however is that new developments are those innovations that expand or clarify the..."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of foreign tax credit for corporations under IRC section 901(b)(1). The paper first explains foreign direct investment in order that we may understand the relevant issues. The paper then gets into the specifics regarding tax credits and issues where these foreign investment companies are concerned.
Outline:
Chapter One - Introduction
Chapter Two - Review of Case and Ruling Issues
Chapter Three - Methodology
Chapter Four - Case and Ruling Analysis
Chapter Five - Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
From the Paper "The first limitation that is important to note is that there is so little information about the case study subject in question - the foreign tax credit. While there is indeed some information, much of it comes from laws and rulings as opposed to studies and research articles. With that in mind it is important to note where the information that is being collected for the study of this issue is coming from. There is no reason not to use the information that is provided by others, but making sure that one is aware of where it comes from and what potential consequences that could have is of utmost importance when it comes to looking at the limitations that can be found in research. Making sure that the most accurate data available is used is significant and when something cannot be verified it should be pointed out in the study that it cannot be verified so that there is no further confusion as to whether that piece of information is legitimate or not for the study."
Abstract This document discusses the marketing strategy of Metro Credit Union (MCU) and its options, focusing on issues such as branding, brand identity and positioning in a competitive environment. MCU is concerned about which market segments to pursue and how to pursue the one it targets. The paper concludes that MCU should pursue a technologically savvy and able online brand identity.
Abstract This paper discusses the concept of the strength of materials in the field of engineering, focusing on the materials used and how they function within a structure. The paper explains that the way the materials function will determine the overall strength of the structure and this knowledge is significant to welding engineers because it determines the processes necessary to create structural strength and the durability of the project over time. The paper also discusses factors that affect the structural strength such as the stress placed on the components of the structure and elements that force the material to change over time.
Abstract In recent years, it has become obvious that the countries of Africa are not getting any better financially in spite of structural adjustment programs (SAP) and IMF programs. In fact, unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy continue to rise. Immortality is on the rise, with many children not living to see their fifth birthday. This paper looks at why Africa's people live in poverty in spite of its large number of natural resources and attempts to provide insight into ways that can assist it into becoming more self-sufficient.
Outline
Introduction
Commencement of Problem
Summary of Projected Solution
Effects of the SAPs
Overview of Structural Adjustment Programs
Description of SAPs and IMF Programs
Objectives of SAPs
Effects of SAPs on the Economy
Key Issues of the Program
Program Focus
Potential for Success
Effects on Domestic Economy
Disadvantages
Structural Adjustment Effects in Africa
Overview
Conditionality
Effects on African Economy
Credibility of SAPs
Privatization
Potential for Success
Key Issues
Performance Management
Description
Working Under SAPs
Impact on Trade Unions
Effects of SAPs
Possible Solutions
Labor Laws
Impact on Trade Unions
Role of Trade/Labor Unions
Conclusion
From the Paper "The continent of Africa has been plagued by debt since it gained its independence from Europe, and the majority of those debts are owed to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Even though these organizations have only been officially in existence since their conception in 1944, the conditions of the IMF and World Bank existed long before that time. As of 2004, Africa's debts to the IMF and World Bank stood at over $300 billion, and it is unlikely that that number is representative of revenues lost to Europe and America since those monies have increased poverty rather than being beneficial to Africa. Every year a total of $15 billion is transferred from the poorest countries in Africa and other places in the world to the richest countries through interest payments."
Tags: bank, debt, financial, fund, global, hipc, interest, international, markets, monetary, poverty, rates, relief, structural, unemployment, world
Abstract This paper makes a close study of the corporate business structure of the McDonald's Corporation, the biggest fast food provider and restaurant chain in the world. The corporate structure of the company is defined, the differences between this structure and other businesses is looked at, how franchising works is studied, and the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of incorporation, sole proprietorship, and limited liability companies (LLCs) is discussed.
From the Paper "What started as an American business and phenomenon has now become a global, multi-billion dollar mega-corporation. This company is McDonald's. From the towns and cities and rural highway landscapes of the United States, to the busy, crowded streets of China, to the frigid, poor land that was once Communist Russia, it is possible to find a McDonald's. The name has become synonymous with fast food. The brand, logo, and characters are as well known to children as any famous cartoon star or athlete. We all know the restaurant's menu front to back. We all feel comforted and happy when buying and eating its familiar food. Yet, what most people don't understand is how McDonald's works from a business standpoint."
Abstract The following paper discusses Friedrich Kekule's interest in chemistry and examines how he came to be the originator of the structure theory for his study on chemical bonds. However this paper also examines how Kekule's formula for the structure of benzene was wrong. This paper provides the reader with the correct formula and explains what Kekulu's formula was missing.
From the Paper ?The charred body of a woman is found and the trial began. Friedrich Kekule testified before the grand jury. Many believed her death was caused by combustion from overdrinking of alcohol. However, Justus von Liebig and Kekule believed otherwise. This testimony incriminated a servant who had stolen from the woman. This began the turning point in Kekule's life as he pursued his new interest of chemistry and the beginning formula of benzene (Lienhard 1).
"Friedrich August Kekule has been said to be the originator of the structure theory and for his study on chemical bonds. Kekule was born on September 7, 1829 in Germany. Kekule attended school at Darmstadt. He was intelligent and spoke French, Italian, and English. Kekule in 1847 attended the University of Giessen and studied architecture (Ulearntoday 1)?
Abstract This paper discusses Thomas Kuhn's famous work, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions," in an attempt to trace the connections between the theory of scientific paradigm creation and shift and the development of modern and postmodern thinking in the arts. This particularly refers to Kuhn's influence on post-structural philosophy and language theory. The paper traces some of these connections and indicates to what extent Kuhn's major work has been influential and connected to the modern artistic and linguistic movements. The paper contends that, in order to show the linkage clearly between Kuhn's theories and modern art, his work cannot be understood outside of the broader historical context in which it was written.
From the Paper "What Kuhn hypothesized in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was that scientific thought and theory did not progress in a consecutive linear fashion. New concepts or theoretical paradigms came about in a non-sequential and sudden fashion and were not coterminous or even necessarily theoretically related to the previous scientific paradigm. The following is a very simplistic outline of his theory but it encompasses the central tenets and aspects that made his work so influential. Firstly, science had been based on presumptions of certainty and objective infallibility. The central concept that characterized classical science was that it was a normative and sequential progression of knowledge and understanding of reality."
Tags: post-structural, philosophy, language, theory
Abstract This paper provides a discussion of how structural family therapy works with a schizophrenic family member. The Bowen theory is presented along with a discussion as to how the therapy works. Definitions are given with respect to the terms of schizophrenia, therapy and structural therapy. The family constellation is also discussed.
From the Paper "On entering the twenty first century today's modern family is beset by events and conditions that were the storylines of authors such as Orwell and Hersey. Today's family today is besieged by mega technology, ever increasing healthcare costs, unprecedented scientific advancement, continual cost of living increases, global conflict, and a broadening of cultural diversity. The pressures brought to bear on the family are healthy in some ways and damaging in others. With so much more pressure confronting the American family the rapid rise of psychopathology is not uncommon and must be addressed. The remainder of this report will focus one particular psychological disorder with respect to its relationship with the modern American family, namely schizophrenia. The report will also address the aforementioned psychopathology with respect to structural family therapy and how it is interrelated with the disorder."
An analysis of how the structure of DNA was discovered by primarily four people; James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin.
Abstract This paper discusses how the structure of DNA was discovered. It goes through the discovery that DNA was the holder of genetic material within a cell to Watson and Crick's infamous model of the structure. The paper includes a heavy emphasis on gender roles in the post World War II science society. The paper also briefly describes the book, "What is Life" written in 1944 by Erwin Schrodinger.
From the Paper "After World War 2, there was a great upsurge in the study of DNA. Scientists, returning home after having been called away to contribute to the war effort (contributions being the use of their skills to create better, more intelligent weapons), arrived home to discover a new idea in the field of genetics. The book, "What is Life" written in 1944 by Erwin SchrA dinger as a collection of lectures, lead many scientists for the first time to really consider the causes and effects of genetic heredity; it became very popular among the university crowd and anyone worth their scientific mettle had read it and had an opinion on the subject of the "code of genetic inheritance". SchrA dinger heavily influenced the people who were later to discover the structure of DNA by making them ask the question, "What causes genetic material to be passed to offspring?" a question which had plagued science ever since man had been capable of intelligent thought."
