Abstract
The paper provides a critical analysis of the relevant literature concerning traditional and alternative credentialing programs for new teachers. The paper includes a background and overview, a description of the respective approaches and a discussion of the current and future trends identified in the research. The paper identifies a number of useful methods for overcoming the existing constraints to alternative teacher credentialing programs. The paper discusses the growing need for new teachers that is accompanied by a lack of resources to recruit them and a lack of support and training once they are in the classroom.

Outline:
Background and Overview
Potential Impact of Inadequate Preparation for Classroom Teaching
Traditional and Alternatives Approaches to Teacher Preparation
Current Initiatives and Future Trends
Chapter Summary

From the Paper
"Just as complex problems require complex solutions, it just makes sense that desperate circumstances require desperate action. Therefore, the explosive growth in alternative credentialing programs for new teachers could be considered as being legitimate and justified responses to market conditions. In fact, as Rosenberg and Sindelar (2005) point out, "For decades, there simply have not been enough qualified teachers to address the educational needs of the growing numbers of students. Moreover, the traditional source of supply for classrooms, freshly minted graduates of college or university degree programs, has not met the growing demand for teachers" (p. 117)."

Tags:traditional, approach, preparation, support, training, resources, recruitment

Abstract
This paper discusses the Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition (PLAR) process which is sometimes used in Canada to identify knowledge and skills acquired outside an academic setting. The writer points out the benefits of the PLAR process and suggests that it should be implemented widely, in colleges and universities, in the workplace and by those who wish to continue their education. The writer explains how it can be used to supplement the Foreign Credential Recognition process which is aimed at removing the barriers related to foreign credentials and enabling skilled immigrants to become integrated into the labor market. Some of the processes and methods that help participants assess and gain recognition for their prior learning are described. The paper concludes that everyone wins when PLAR is used, students, universities and the economy alike.

From the Paper
"PLAR is the systematic process of granting academic credit to people who can demonstrate that what they have learned outside a formal setting is equivalent to what a classroom student would learn in haven taken a course. It is used to identify, quantify and document the various unconscious learning experiences that take place everyday. It is the informal learning that people acquire while at work, in their home-life, while traveling, volunteering at a community event or by simply reading for self -enlightenment, that needs to be recognized and accepted by formal institutions. It is the acquired skills and knowledge that would otherwise be difficult to recognize through more traditional methods of credentialing."

Tags:portfolio, accountability, quality, accreditation, worker, program, curriculum, challenge, dvelopment, documentation

Abstract
Position paper arguing that the solution used by many school districts as an answer to their severe teacher shortages, that of hiring unqualified and non-certified college graduates, is an unsatisfactory solution and contributes to the "dumbing down" of the educational system.

From the Paper
"But, the question of whether non-credentialed teachers are truly "qualified" is the real issue, not paranoia and pranks. According to an article in Educational Leadership journal (Berry, 2001), 41 states (as of 2001) have some form of alternative that replaces the requirement for teachers to return to college for a year following their undergraduate work. Fourteen states (again, as of 2001) have passed laws relating to alternative teaching methods, and approximately two-thirds of the 1,354 universities and colleges that offer teacher training classes have at least one program for "mid-career" professionals."

Tags:credentialed, classrooms, teach, competence, training, period, normal, training, process

Abstract
The paper examines the Florida Board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage & Family Therapy & Mental Health Counseling in relation to a broad range of credentialing and regulatory processes for professional counseling. Specifically, the current study begins by providing general information concerning the location, dates, and times of public meetings at which credentialing and complaint activities are conducted. The mission of the board is also presented and discussed briefly. In greater detail, the current study examines the activities of the board with respect to the statutes and rules that govern the board's activities, the disciplines regulated by the board, and the scope of the board's authority to regulate professional practice. Discussion next turns to an examination of board/committee structures through which the board performs it functions, that is, committee names and responsibilities, frequency of meetings, and the like. Next, a description of the credentialing/licensing process is provided. This is followed by a description of the complaint process from the initial receipt of a complaint to its final adjudication.

From the Paper
"The following discussion examines the Florida Board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage & Family Therapy & Mental Health Counseling in relation to a broad range of credentialing and regulatory processes for professional counseling. Findings of the current study reveal that the Florida Board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage & Family Therapy & Mental Health Counseling has a broad authority over many issues related to professional counseling. Specifically, state legislation provides the board with authority to preside over professional counseling activities with respect to licensing, credentialing, disciplinary actions, practitioner record keeping..."

Tags:counselling, psychology, apa ethics

Abstract
PIC, A Pre-IKE Credential Provisioning Protocol, has been introduced in the IP Secure Remote Access working group of the IETF in order to provide for simplified user authentication and credential provisioning prior to IPSEC IKE negotiation. This paper performs a critical analysis of the proposal, examining, among other things, PIC working draft, course relevance, IPSEC deployment issues, strengths, weaknesses and alternatives.

From the Paper
"The PIC working draft proposes one of the best solutions for bootstrapping strong credentials for IPSec networking solutions without changing existing IP Security standards. PIC can theoretically be implemented and developed independent of IPSec, wireless and VPN standards yet provide an integrated component into the infrastructure solution. PIC clearly provides a window of opportunity for extending and encouraging increased deployment of secure networking solutions in the wireless and VPN market spaces."

Tags:IP, Secure, Remote, Access, IETF, user, authentication, IPSEC, network

Abstract
In this article, the writer enters the world of information technology and examines phishing attacks, that are also known as carding and spoofing. The writer notes the convenience and freedom of the technologies demonstrated by the existence of the Internet. However, the writer then points out the drawback that is the prevalence of malicious codes and mischievous deeds propagated by those seeking "fame and glory" and worst, trying to gain financially despite the illicit acts committed. The writer concludes that in spite of all the negative effects brought about by malicious codes, spam, phishing and pharming, the Internet is still a worthwhile technology, and everyone should be cognizant of the fact that protection of this technology should be maintained. The writer notes that by learning about the different methods and techniques involved in propagating malicious codes and other related vectors, mitigation of the threats and risks these have will be achieved.

Table of Contents:
What is Phishing?
Phishing Techniques
History of Phishing
Using Misspelled URLS and Sub-Domains in Phishing
Cross-Site Scripting
Case Studies on Phishing
Protection against Phishing
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"It has been said time and again that the personal computer and the Internet brought wonderful technologies at the touch of a button. The convenience of e-mails, e-commerce and Google searches gave everyone access to "anything and everything" and the freedom of getting information "anytime and anywhere." The drawback though is the prevalence of malicious codes and mischievous deeds propagated by those seeking "fame and glory" and worst, trying to gain financially despite the illicit acts committed.
Malicious codes such as viruses, Trojan horses, logic bombs, worms, etc. inundated the Internet since inception. Then came the hackers, whackers and spammers who made surfing the Net difficult by threatening the online services."

Tags:viruses, carding, spoofing, surfing

Abstract
This paper explains that Sanford USD Medical Center (SMC) has an infrastructure, including extensive nursing leadership in upper management, which supports a professional nursing practice. One of the mechanisms in place to identify nurses' needs, the author relates, is SMC's shared governance model of decision making, which supports all nursing roles. The paper describes the Nursing Senate, which has staff nurse representatives from all nursing units, strategic improvement and case management, including nursing staff from non-traditional nursing care units.

Table of Contents:
Organization Overview
Forces of Magnetism Consistencies and Inconsistencies
Quality of Nursing Leadership
Organizational Structure
Management Style
Personnel Policies and Programs
Professional Models of Care
Quality of Care
Quality Improvement
Consultation and Resources
Autonomy
Community and the Healthcare Organization
Nurses as Teachers
Image of Nursing
Interdisciplinary Relations
Professional Development
Identified Strengths and Weaknesses
Analysis Support
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Force 4: Personnel Policies and Programs looks at competitive salaries and benefits, flexible staffing models, direct care nurse involvement, and opportunities for professional growth. SMC conducts market surveys for wage comparison and gives employees cost of living raises based on these findings. Wage adjustments are also made with yearly performance appraisals. In addition, SMC supports lifelong learning and provides financial support for continued education that will develop or increase our employee's competence in their current positions or enhance their employability within the organization."

Tags:leadership, staffing matrices, best practices, quality care, front-line

Abstract
This paper explains that Professor Henry Mintzberg recommends in his book ,"MBAs but not Managers", that management education should only be for those individuals who already have some experience overseeing personnel. The author points out that Mintzberg believes that there are opportunities where people can get management training once they are with a company through on-the-job training , feedback from others and in-house corporate universities. The paper states that Mintzberg recommends what he calls the "International Masters in Practicing Management", which would include skills in managing self, organizations, context, relationships and change.

From the Paper
"This is not surprising, given how professional degrees are increasing in importance. Where undergraduate degrees in education, library science, social sciences, and the like used to mean something, they are becoming equivalent to high school degrees. More and more elitist businesses, nonprofits and educational organizations want that Master's Degree. The problem is the same as with the MBA, these students may have the piece of paper, but not the experience. Nor do they really know what they want to do. Earlier generations immediately went to work right out of school and stayed ..."

Tags:bogus, reflecting, in-house, relationship, hands-on

Abstract
This paper examines how private security organizations and agents fulfil many of the same essential roles in the realm of homeland security as government agents and how they ensure physical site security from infiltration both for the purposes of targeting private facilities as well as for the purpose of co-opting access to resources to further terrorist aims. The paper also discusses how private security agents also have a responsibility to assist the homeland security effort by investigating suspicious identity credentials to the extent of their ability and legal authority, as well as the responsibility to notify law enforcement authorities of any suspicious use of such credentials. Depending on the direction and patterns of future domestic terrorist attacks, private security organizations and agents may have to fulfil even greater responsibilities to assist homeland security in the same manner as in other countries in which terrorists have implemented widespread attacks on soft civilian targets.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Physical Site Security
Identification Credential Security
Soft Target Site Security

From the Paper
"In the modern age of terrorism and homeland security, ID security has become a specific focus of maintaining site security at both private and government facilities. However, the importance of ID security extends far beyond the immediate purpose of site security. Consider the extent to which forged, stolen, and otherwise illegitimate identification credentials facilitate the activities that further the many necessary component elements necessary for every act of terrorism. Likewise, internal security breaches within private organizations may have consequences far beyond those affecting just those private entities. "

Tags:terrorism, identity, credentials, site

Abstract
The paper looks at the policies and activities of the American Association of Colleges Nursing, the American Nurses Association, the American Organization of Nurse Executives and the National League for Nursing. The paper shows how these U.S. nursing professional organizations are well aware of the challenges that exist to entry-level education. In the conclusion of the paper, the writer proposes that national accreditation standards come under consideration for the entire U.S. nursing profession.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Primary Challenges
Scopes and Standards for Nurse Administrators
Hallmarks of the Professional Nursing Practice Environment
The ANA, NLS and AONE - Joint Petition Statement
Policy Considerations
Principles of Delegation
Basic Elements Required to Form Basis of Delegation by Nurse
Credentialing in Health Care

From the Paper
"It is related that the American Nursing Association has outlined some basic elements for the nurse that are necessarily required in formulation of the basis of delegation which includes; (1) an emphasis on the professional nursing practice; (2) defining delegation on the basis of the nurse practice act and rules/regulations; (3) reviewing specific sections of the law and regulations regarding the delegation; (4) emphasizing the tasks and functions that are not able of delegation or that cannot be delegated on a routine; (5) a focus on the judgment of the RN relating to task analysis and the choice to delegate or refrain from delegating; (6) making a determination of the degree of supervision that is required when delegating; (7) Identifying guidelines for reduction of risk related to delegation; and (8) developing mechanisms for feedback that ensure that tasks delegated are completed and that data is received regularly by which to evaluate outcomes of delegation. (American Nurses Association, 2005) The ANA relates that skills in delegation are developed over time and there is a need for those who employ nurses to understand that a "newly licensed nurse is a novice who is still acquiring foundational knowledge and skills." (American Nurses Association, 2005)"

Tags:faculty, delegation, credentials, degrees