Abstract The paper provides a critical analysis of the relevant literature concerning traditional and alternative credentialing programs for new teachers. The paper includes a background and overview, a description of the respective approaches and a discussion of the current and future trends identified in the research. The paper identifies a number of useful methods for overcoming the existing constraints to alternative teacher credentialing programs. The paper discusses the growing need for new teachers that is accompanied by a lack of resources to recruit them and a lack of support and training once they are in the classroom.
Outline:
Background and Overview
Potential Impact of Inadequate Preparation for Classroom Teaching
Traditional and Alternatives Approaches to Teacher Preparation
Current Initiatives and Future Trends
Chapter Summary
From the Paper "Just as complex problems require complex solutions, it just makes sense that desperate circumstances require desperate action. Therefore, the explosive growth in alternative credentialing programs for new teachers could be considered as being legitimate and justified responses to market conditions. In fact, as Rosenberg and Sindelar (2005) point out, "For decades, there simply have not been enough qualified teachers to address the educational needs of the growing numbers of students. Moreover, the traditional source of supply for classrooms, freshly minted graduates of college or university degree programs, has not met the growing demand for teachers" (p. 117)."
Abstract PIC, A Pre-IKE Credential Provisioning Protocol, has been introduced in the IP Secure Remote Access working group of the IETF in order to provide for simplified user authentication and credential provisioning prior to IPSEC IKE negotiation. This paper performs a critical analysis of the proposal, examining, among other things, PIC working draft, course relevance, IPSEC deployment issues, strengths, weaknesses and alternatives.
From the Paper "The PIC working draft proposes one of the best solutions for bootstrapping strong credentials for IPSec networking solutions without changing existing IP Security standards. PIC can theoretically be implemented and developed independent of IPSec, wireless and VPN standards yet provide an integrated component into the infrastructure solution. PIC clearly provides a window of opportunity for extending and encouraging increased deployment of secure networking solutions in the wireless and VPN market spaces."
Abstract This paper discusses the Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition (PLAR) process which is sometimes used in Canada to identify knowledge and skills acquired outside an academic setting. The writer points out the benefits of the PLAR process and suggests that it should be implemented widely, in colleges and universities, in the workplace and by those who wish to continue their education. The writer explains how it can be used to supplement the Foreign Credential Recognition process which is aimed at removing the barriers related to foreign credentials and enabling skilled immigrants to become integrated into the labor market. Some of the processes and methods that help participants assess and gain recognition for their prior learning are described. The paper concludes that everyone wins when PLAR is used, students, universities and the economy alike.
From the Paper "PLAR is the systematic process of granting academic credit to people who can demonstrate that what they have learned outside a formal setting is equivalent to what a classroom student would learn in haven taken a course. It is used to identify, quantify and document the various unconscious learning experiences that take place everyday. It is the informal learning that people acquire while at work, in their home-life, while traveling, volunteering at a community event or by simply reading for self -enlightenment, that needs to be recognized and accepted by formal institutions. It is the acquired skills and knowledge that would otherwise be difficult to recognize through more traditional methods of credentialing."
Abstract This paper takes a look at a slave uprising as documented in Stephen Oat's book Fires of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion. It analyzes the main character of the book, Nat Turner and how his seemingly small scale revolution set the wheels in motion for the eventual abolishment of slavery.
From the paper:
"Stephen Oates, in his book Fires of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion, crafts a compelling story. The story of this slave rebellion is indeed so compelling a one that it would be hard to imagine a telling of it that was not fascinating. But in the end Oates, despite his credentials, does a disservice both to Turner and to the larger forces at work in the decades before the Civil War. In order to assess Oates's treatment of Turner, it would be useful to examine what is generally known and agreed to about Turner. He was born on a plantation in Southampton County, Virginia, in 1800 and was from a very early age a popular religious leader among his fellow slaves. In part due no doubt to whatever had motivated him to become interested in preaching and in part because he was so popular with other slaves who came to listen to him talk about God, Turner became convinced that he had been chosen by God to lead his people to freedom."
Abstract The paper discusses the life and career of Sandra Day O?Connor and how as a justice and the first female judge she has been scrutinized her entire career. It deliberates the opinion that although she has good credentials, had she not been a woman and a friend of Ronald Reagan, she probably would not have been appointed. It examines her academic and professional credits, her contribution to the community and her stance on various issues such as environmental causes. It shows how she may be more liberal on social issues, like abortion, than many conservatives would like, even angering some groups, but not liberal enough to be well liked by any liberal group.
From the Paper "Whether or not Day-O?Connor is a liberal or conservative depends on who one asks. Liberal organizations claim that she is a staunch conservative while conservative organizations claim she is too liberal for their liking. Although she often sides with conservative judges Chief Justice Rhenquist and Justice Burger, she has made center/liberal stands on several issues. It seems that she may be more liberal on social issues, like abortion, than many conservatives would like, even angering some groups, but not liberal enough to be well liked by liberal groups."
This paper discusses "The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution" by Robert Middlekauff, emphasizing the book's new realistic view of the American Revolution and its human heroes.
Abstract The writer looks at Middlekauff's personal background and credentials, discussing his thorough research skills and entertaining writing style. The paper argues that Middlekauff's fresh offerings and historical revelations concerning the revolutionary period make this book a strong piece about the American Revolution.
From the Paper "Robert Middlekauff, born in 1927 in Washington state, holds a B.A. from the University of Washington and a Ph.D. from Yale. He saw active duty as a lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps in Korea from 1952-54. For most of his long career he has been a professor of history at the University of California at Berkeley. In addition to The Glorious Cause (1982), his published books include Ancients and Axioms (1963), The Mathers (1971), and Benjamin Franklin and His Enemies (1996). Dr. Middlekauff received the Bancroft Prize in 1972 and the Commonwealth Gold Medal in 1983. He is listed as a historical educator in Who's Who in America where this biographical information was obtained."
Tags: historical, review, revolutionary, war, heroes
Abstract This paper examines the 1998 Senate race between the Republican, Alfonse D"Amato and the Democrat Charles Schumer. In particular it discusses how D"Amato and Schumer both employed similar strategies in their political campaigns: selling their credentials on being tough on crime and undercutting their opponents for their "weakness". While D"Amato proposed the use of tougher penalties to reduce crime, Schumer provided a comprehensive approach that encompasses preventive and deterrent approaches. It also evaluates how because of his unpopular anti-gun control stance, D"Amato relied heavily on his ammunition for counterattacking Schumer on his votes against stricter mandatory sentencing and how apart from attacking his opponent, Schumer was able to use his formidable track record of writing crime bills and relatives of shooting victims in news conferences to project himself as a representative of the people.
From the Paper "In contrast, Schumer had a broader perspective about the issue of crime and had proposed an integrated set of solutions for resolving the problem. He was the creator of the 1994 crime bill that included a wide range of policies: 1) mandated life sentences with parole for three-time criminals; 2) increased the number of crimes punishable by capital punishment; 3) provided funding for police officers, prisons, along with drug treatment and youth programs; 4) classified stalking and domestic abuse as Federal crimes; 5) banned specific assault weapons; and 6) made the import of child pornography illegal (Dao, "Schumer and D?Amato," 1998, p. B5). Therefore, Schumer had always adopted a comprehensive approach towards crime control. "
Abstract This paper provides an insight into the place of women in society in 16th century Venice. It examines how women fell into one of two categories; the angel or the courtesan (upper class prostitutes) and looks at how the credentials and restraints for each role were usually determined by factors over which the women had no control and yet they defined every aspect of her life. It evaluates why a women would want to be a courtesan and describes the life of Veronica Franco, the best-known of all the Venetian courtesans.
From the Paper "The Venetian angel was a virgin woman born into a noble family. Her birth gave her not only the respectability that came with her name but also enough wealth to provide a dowry, which guaranteed her a marriage. These women were esteemed because of their nobility but often married women were unhappy because of the extensive limitations placed on them by their husbands and society. As far as education was concerned, Venetian noble women were given a very small one, and what they did receive was at the hands of the convent and so it was ridiculously religious."
Abstract This paper examines the failures in King Fahd of Saudii Arabia's reign. It shows that despite the fact that he was born a prince of the House of Saud, he does not have the credentials of a modern, educated, leader with a global understanding and perspective. The paper examines his failure as an Islamic leader as well as the failures in the King's foreign, economic and domestic policies. The paper also looks at Saudii Arabia's future, with the future king, Prince Abdullah, at its helm.
From the Paper "During the reign of King Fahd, the economic position of the Kingdom has become increasingly dismal. The five-year plans that have been promulgated have been a monument to the failure of the country to achieve its major goals of diversification of industry and distribution of goods and wealth throughout the country. Some of the foreign policy initiatives of Fahd -- particularly his movement toward the United States -- have been dictated by his failures to right the course of the economy. Thus, the country has become more and more dependent on direct and indirect economic support from the United States."
Abstract This paper explains that, to get a good job, prior education and experience are the most important credentials for one obtaining a higher status. The author believes that experience is often not something easily obtained by young men and women, so employers tend to focus more on education. The paper states that, instead of the highly educated being the primary victim's of the "Internet" based recession, it was the least educated that were affected the most.
From the Paper "In learning about organizations, we learned about hierarchy. Organizations do not give equal power or weight to ever member. Rather, organizations are shaped (and likewise controlled) by a "pyramid" of power, where a small group of individuals makes the decisions for the majority of the rest. The top of the "pyramid" is occupied by what we would consider as the most powerful and most important in the organization. It is also important to note that these people not only have more power, they also receive the most benefits. They are usually the best paid, and have the most job security."
Abstract This paper explains that there are many factors which must be considered by a company when moving personnel to foreign countries: Language and culture issues, work ethic issues, management style issues, fairness and equity issues, economic issues, skill and talent issues, legal, political and security issues and the transferability of credentials. The author reflects that the management styles are used by companies when developing in to a new country are: Ethnocentric (top management positions are filled by people from the home country); polycentric (staff at the foreign branch all comes from the host country), and geocentric (the people working at the foreign branch are taken from countries worldwide). The paper points out that Japanese corporate law is changing, in response to the increasingly competitive global market, which has the effect of opening up the Japanese market to more international businesses.
From the Paper "The Japanese language is extremely complex, but many non-Japanese have learnt the language, and many international businesses successfully do business with Japan, so there is a tradition of translator-mediators in this country. Many international companies also put on Japanese lessons, and so many of the key personnel in international companies should be able to speak some level of Japanese. The language barrier is therefore not great."
Tags: personnel, language, culture, transferability, political
Abstract The following summary and analysis is actually of two different cases involving gang action as an example of the expert witness, Lewis Yablonsky's, process of developing testimony in these cases and the subsequent outcome. Yablonsky has been an expert witness in a number of gang related cases and not only do his credentials in sociology and psychology prepare him for this work, but he also grew up in the gang atmosphere and has studied and worked with gangs as well as written several books on the topic. His viewpoint and opinions affected the criminal justice process and outcome of these cases.
Abstract This paper will argue for the right of gay couples to adopt children. By looking at the facts that approve of this parental position, we can see how it has valid credentials for gay parenting in the United States.
Abstract This paper talks about Joseph Nye's book, "The Paradox of American Power", and Nye's impressive credentials, which give great credibility to the book. The paper summarizes the chapters in the book, explains their major points, and discusses the book's dominant theme of "soft power".
From the Paper "The Paradox of American power is an interesting account of America's rise to the status of super power where Joseph Nye explains why America's lone ranger approach can no longer work in today's world. The author has extremely impressive credentials, which lends more credibility to his research and his work as a political analyst is greatly appreciated. Joseph Nye Jr. is ?currently the dean at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, he was, during the Clinton Administration, chairman of the National Intelligence Council and an Assistant Defense Secretary. He also has a reputation as a prognosticator. In 1989, he wrote a contrarian but prescient book called Bound to Lead, which explained why the then-ailing U.S. would ultimately succeed against Japan, which looked like an invincible industrial giant. This time, though, Nye's crystal ball portends ill for the U.S.? (Crock, 2002) "
Abstract This paper outlines the qualities and criteria of romantic poetry and attempts to show how it is possible to compare and contrast the poetic style and subject matter of Coleridge's poems,to these criteria in order to determine the extent to which he fits the description ?Romantic poet.? The poems analysed are ?Eolian Harp,? "This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison" and ?Kubla Khan.? The paper then highlights Coleridge's Gothic credentials, focusing in particular on ?Christabel.?
From the Paper "An excellent example of innovation in the way that a poem is divided, and indeed of many other Romantic attributes, is This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison; it contains three sections of twenty, twenty-four and thirty four lines respectively, an irregular structure. The first section conveys a sense of lost opportunity; resigned to missing out on a walk with his friends, Coleridge, due to his heightened insecurities, initially wallows in self pity, an almost obligatory action in many of his autobiographical poems, ?Well, they are gone, and here I must remain / This lime-tree bower my prison!? This focus on, or reference to, the poet himself is an important feature of Romantic poetry and can also be seen in Lines, The Eolian Harp, and Reflections On Having Left a Place of Retirement. However, the second part of the first section and the entire second section show a complete change in spirits on the part of Coleridge, who begins to derive pleasure from imagining the natural beauty surrounding, and the enjoyment of, his friends as they walk. "
Tags: bower, christabel, eolian, gothic, harp, khan, kubla, lime, samuel, tree
