Abstract
This paper focuses on "intelligent design," explaining that the philosophy's major tenets amount to an adjustment - or an offshoot - in philosophy from creationism. The paper notes that the theory of intelligent design states that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, rather than by an undirected process such as natural selection. The paper asserts that there can be no doubt among serious scholars that Darwin's theory of evolution is logical and based on science, but what apparently bothers some fundamentalist Christians and other conservatives is that Darwin's theory posits that humans evolved from apes. This will likely always be a sticking point for anti-evolutionist thinking, the paper predicts, but opines that what is worse in this country is when politics sticks its ugly head in between science and religion, as it does on occasion. The paper concludes that federal judges aren't in place to please their political benefactors; they are in place to defend the U.S. Constitution, which made it clear there must be a separation of church and state.

From the Paper
"Unlike creationism - which is based specifically on religious text - ID is said to "start with empirical evidence of nature" and from there ID researchers attempt to "ascertain" what inferences can be "drawn" from that empirical evidence, according to the Web site. A less esoteric and more straightforward definition of ID is found in a New York Times article written by journalist Laurie Goodstein. "Intelligent design posits that biological life is so complex that it must have been originated by an intelligent source" (Goodstein, 2005). The proponents of ID do not, however, define the identity of that source of intelligence, Goodstein adds, but it clearly is God they are alluding to."

Tags:separation, church, state, education, science

Abstract
This paper offers a comparative discussion of the science of evolution and the doctrine of creationism. The paper explains that advocates of creationism maintain that the universe was created by an Almighty Being, while those who believe in evolution argue that natural processes have shaped the world humans live in today. The paper takes the position that the theory of evolution does not necessarily negate the existence of a Supreme Being, only that the evidence of favor of evolution appears to be sufficiently compelling to make a serious case for it. The paper opines that neither evolution nor creationism has been proven to date, and reviews literature concerning the debate. After touching on the respective arguments in support of each position, the paper concludes that what is missing from the debate is any reasonable middle ground suggesting that even an omnipotent being might want to use natural processes to accomplish his or her goals for the universe.

Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Arguments in Support of Creationism
Arguments in Support of Evolution
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"If the debate over creationism versus the theory of evolution was restricted to the pundits, there probably would not be such a controversy about the issue today at all. Nevertheless, there are some important political and cultural issues involved in the debate that continue to affect the way educational services are delivered in the United States. As Vitello (2006) points out, when Darwin's published his seminal work in the 19th century, The Origin of Species, a controversy immediately ensued. According to Vitello, not much has changed in the 170 years since Darwin first set foot on the Galapagos Islands: "In the early 20th century, it sparked a furious evolution versus creationism debate that culminated in the famous 1925 trial of John Scopes, charged with teaching evolution in violation of Tennessee state law. Dubbed the 'Scopes Monkey Trial,' it pitted lawyer- statesman and devout Christian William Jennings Bryan against civil libertarian attorney Clarence Darrow" (p. 18). In his text, From Genesis to Genetics: The Case of Evolution and Creationism, Moore (2002 reports that, "A major challenge to the dominance of creationism and the rejection of evolution occurred in Dayton, Tennessee, in 1925. John Thomas Scopes was tried for teaching Darwinism in his high school biology class--in defiance of an act recently passed by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee. The trial brought the evolution-creationism controversy to the nation's attention and emphasized the polar positions of the two sides" (p. 148)."

Tags:creator, science, classroom, debate, fundamentalist

Abstract
This paper explains that the two basic theories about the origin of human life are evolution (or Darwinism) and creationism about which there are conflicting opinions as to which theory is correct and which theory should be taught in schools. Some people feel that creationism and evolution should both be discussed in the classroom and presented as equally valid theories. The author points out that many people feel that it is inappropriate to be teaching creationism in public school classrooms because it is religious doctrine, which is not appropriate under the Constitution of the United States that separates church and state. The paper concludes that both theories should be presented in the classroom as opposing but not necessarily mutually exclusive explanations for the origin of humanity.

From the Paper
"A large percentage of Americans, including many teachers, believe that creationism is a more valid theory than evolution. A study in 1996 found that most American completely reject the idea that evolution is the origin of humans. Another survey conducted in 2000 found that nearly 40 percent of Americans believe that creationism should be taught instead of evolution in the classroom, and many believe that evolution should be outright banned from the classroom. Further studies show that half of all Americans and Canadians do not consider evolution to be a valid scientific concept. Many have not been convinced by the scientific evidence with which they have been presented, and believe that evolution is scientifically unfounded."

Tags:theory, christian, darwin, constitution, science

Abstract
This paper looks at how creationism is referred as the spiritual belief that humankind, life, the world, and the earth were created by a supernatural creature. It argues that the concept of creationism in public schools provide scholars with an open mind and how it is important to teach it in its entirety and present it as a feasible alternative to the creation of the world. The paper also argues that most educators believe that teaching students about creationism does not mean educating religious conviction since creationism can be taught from a non-sectarian point of view.

From the Paper
"For almost a century now, educating students on Creationism in public schools has been a contentious matter in America's communal schools. Unluckily, while the argument is an issue and almost each American has his/her view about it, it is moreover a subject which lot of the Americans knows little about. Research carried out by NCSE (National Center of Science Education) indicated that; only a small number of Americans are aware of the basic notion of evolutionary theory. Majority of Americans assert to attend house of worship frequently, decades of study by Wheaton institution indicates that; a small portion of Americans are acquainted with the Bible and what it actually says. "

Tags:world, scopes, trial, evolution

Abstract
A detailed discussion of the theories of evolution (naturalistic, theistic and creation science), and a comparison to the Christian belief of the world as G-d 's creation. The author analyzes whether a Christian can truly believe in the theories of evolution.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Evolution

A. Charles Darwin ? ?Origin of Species?

B. Supporting Evidence



II. Creationism

A. Definition

B. Bible

C. Supporting Evidence



III. Conclusion

A. Survey

Summary

From the Paper
From the paper:

There are three main views of how the universe came to be. Naturalistic evolution proclaims that the universe was driven by purely natural forces, without input from God. Theistic evolution states that evolution was a tool used by God. Creation Science states that everything was created by God in six days and six nights less than 10,000 years ago. What do people believe? Can a Christian, believing in God's miraculous creation, also believe in evolution?

Tags:belief, religion, creation, world, G-d, science, nature, universe

Abstract
This paper explains that Darwin's theory of evolution rejected the notion of Creation and argued that species evolved on their own and were mutable by their very nature. The author argues that while the theory of natural selection is valid, Darwin might have gone too far in dismissing the existence of God. The paper states that evolution and Creationism are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

Abstract
This paper defines Darwin's theory of evolution and looks at the controversial debate about the creation of humans as well as the influence science has had on the matter. It also discusses how, from the Scope's Monkey Trial to the present day court battles over science textbooks, the validity of evolution remains a question for which an answer is still sought.

From the Paper
"Trouble over finding transitional fossils, and proving how evolution actually works has led some evolutionists to forge the evidence. Eager to prove to the general public that humans evolved from apes in Africa, paleontologists search for 'missing links', in this case, ape men that finish the puzzle. Unbeknownst to most, many of these ape-men are frauds. Paleontologist Henry Osborn, in 1922 observed one lone tooth fossil found in Nebraska, US. After convincing himself it was from an ape-man, Osborn titled his find 'Nebraska Man'. After intense study and research, the tooth was found to be that of a peccary, but only after an English artist publicized a picture of Mr Nebraska Man along with his wife on a barren landscape. The evolutionary scientific community supported a hoax by promoting the Nebraska man. "

Tags:scopes, monkey, trial, humans, science

Abstract
This paper examines evolution and creationism, including a bibliography of sources.

From the Paper
"The debate between creationism and evolution separates faith from science at a fundamental social level, but there is also much gray area here as well. For example, not all creationists necessarily believe in the literal telling of the world's creation in Genesis. Nor do they necessarily dismiss evolution. People who believe in evolutionists can also be deists, and believe evolution is part of a Grand Design. According to Selk, Genesis stories and evolution can coexist because, "This, in fact, is the most trivial of the issues raised by evolution and the one most easily resolved. The conflict exists only for biblical literalists. Give up biblical literalism...""

Tags:evolution, verses, creationism

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of believing in evolution, on the behavior of students by describing both the evolutionary theory and its various effects. The paper presents the considerable debates on the issues of evolution and creationism. The writer claims that evolution is usually held responsible for inducing immorality among its followers.
Introduction
Evolution or Creation
Evolution and Ethics
Evolution and Morality
Evolution and the Value of Human Life
Co-Existence of Evolution and Religion/Morality
Belief in Evolution and Behavior of a Student
References

From the Paper
"The theory of evolution that man is just another animal in the line of living forms, attaches the same value to a man's life as the value that is attached to an animal. As a result, in presence of evolutionary claims, there is no rule that could regard a man's life as more important than an animal's and therefore worth treating any differently. Such a belief tends to lead, inevitably to unethical code of conduct. For instance, in January, 1973, the United States Supreme Court, in a 7-to-2 vote, decided that the human embryo growing within the human womb cannot be defined as "human" and as a result, it can be subjected to any kind of maltreatment. According to Darwin, an evolutionist, since the weaker members of society are unfit and, by the laws of nature, cannot survive, a baby growing in the womb cannot survive either unless helped by a stronger being. Unless the mother, a stronger being, is bound by a moral code, she will not help a baby grow. This will, in the long run, inevitably lead to extinction of human race."

Tags:creationism, darwin, immorality, ethics, education, religion, morality

Abstract
This paper attempts to discuss, in a non-judging manner, creationism and evolutionary thought. The paper reviews the theory and scientific facts of evolution. Then the paper extrapolates on the creationists' theory of Intelligent Design.

From the Paper
"As humankind continues to move forward into the future, it also searches the past to reveal what the past can teach it in an effort to understand where life-kind as a whole is going. In some cases people..."

Tags:Creationism, Evolutionary Theory, Intelligent Design.