Abstract This paper focuses primarily on the methods used by Henry and Mary Crawford to seduce Fanny Price and Edmund Bertram, respectively, and why these methods succeed in some instances-and with specific characters-and fail in others. It looks at why Edmund and Fanny turn down their seducers for a more fulfilling relationship together: After being raised as brother and sister, but only sharing blood as cousins since they have an unparalleled and sincere love which cannot be found or forged outside of the family bloodline.
From the Paper "Austen creates a novel version of the morality play in which Fanny and Mary personify the characteristics with which they are associated. Fanny represents every trait that will enable Edmund to live a spiritually enlightened and fulfilling life. Mary represents material and physical temptations that frustrate and prohibit spiritual growth and development. Throughout the first two volumes of the text, Edmund symbolically leaves Fanny to pursue Mary and her overwhelming temptations: Fanny is first left to cut roses under the ascendancy of Mrs. Norris while Edmund teaches Mary to ride Fanny's horse (63-5). "
Tags:crawford, deirdre, edgar, faye, norris, starkins, viktor
Abstract This paper analyzes and discusses the court case, "Taylor v. Crawford." The paper describes the facts of the case and the rule of the law and then examines whether Missouri's written lethal injection protocol violates the Eighth Amendment. It discusses the reasoning of the court in finding that Missouri's lethal injection protocol was constitutional and discusses the significance of the case.
Table of Contents:
Taylor Case Citation
Character of Action
Facts
Rule of Law
Issue and Decision
Reasoning
Significance
From the Paper "Appellee pleaded guilty in the Missouri state trial court to the abduction, abuse, and murder of a 15-year-old victim. He was sentenced to death. He appealed his convictions and his sentence through direct appeal and federal habeas corpus proceedings, but both his convictions and his sentence were affirmed. Appellee then filed an action under 42 U.S.C. 1983, challenging Missouri's three-chemical procedure for lethal injections. At the time of appellee's suit, Missouri intended to use a procedure that involved the use of three chemicals through an intravenous line (IV) placed in the femoral vein. First, the inmate is injected with a 5-gram does of sodium pentothal, which renders him unconscious. Next, the inmate is injected with a 60-milligram dose of pancuronium bromide to paralyze the inmate's muscles. Finally, the inmate is injected with a 240 milliequivalent injection of potassium chloride to stop the heart. Each injection is followed by a sodium flush."
This paper compare two books "The Myth of Excellence" by F. Crawford and R. Mathews and "Branded Customer Service" by J. Barlow and P. Stewart, which address the complex customer service issues.
Abstract This paper states that Barlow and Stewart's "Branded Customer Service" does an adequate job of exploring the relationship between customer service and branding; however, Crawford and Mathews' "The Myth of Excellence" is a much more insightful and provocative study of advanced service management today. The author points out that Barlow and Stewart state that, in order to add value to a brand, the modern business enterprise must focus first and foremost upon customer service. The paper relates that Crawford and Mathews study the importance of customer service from not only a business perspective but also a cultural, social and psychological context. The author stresses that the central concepts of Crawford and Mathews are the values, which they argue, consumers are seeking in their relationships with modern businesses: clarity, ease, certainty and trust.
From the Paper "Consider, for example, the common business practice of "high-low" pricing to sell new inventory at a higher price, and they radically discount it at sale prices later. The authors note that consumers began to become "suspicious" of this pricing strategy in the 1960s so that today: "The real problem with the traditional high-low method of pricing is that consumers simply don't trust it. They don't feel they're being rewarded at the lower sale price but, rather, that they're screwed at the higher regular price." The authors use this insight to explain the extraordinary popularity of the Every Day Low Price philosophy of the most successful retailer on the planet: Wal-mart."
Abstract This paper explains that Brungardt and Crawford's Risk Leadership Model encourages middle managers to make risky choices instead of conservative profiteering because they believe that managing risk creatively reaps greater dividends for the company. The author points out that, for the individual lower or middle-level employee, such a policy is not necessarily an intelligent strategy to follow over the course of his or her career. The paper concludes that the risk leadership model encourages conflict first and consolidation afterwards, making it a good policy to pursue in business investing and in business relationships.
Table of Contents
Summary of Book and Basic Concepts
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Book
Conclusion
From the Paper "It could also be argued that such a conservative approach and lack of job-hopping not only idealizes the lower level perspective, but also begs the question to be asked"if individuals whom are in such occupations tend not to take risks and branch out to improve their prospects, how daring can they be in their corporate vision" Furthermore, this model seeks to establish a corporate culture that not only accepts, but also expects, confrontation to enhance problem solving, decision-making, and overall organizational performance through confrontational challenges between employees regarding their ideas. This could create a corporate culture of constant argumentation, and conflict between lower-level employees, all anxious to make their mark through challenging one another in the corporate infrastructure."
Abstract This paper describes the three marriages of Janie Crawford in Hurston's novel "Their Eyes Were Watching God". It examines how Janie's three marriages represent her journey through womanhood and the lessons that she learned from these different obstacles in life.
From the Paper "The matrimony between Joe Starks and Janie is built on money as well as security. For example, the young woman leaves her first husband for a man who promises her everything. Joe promises Janie that he will treat her like a queen. She tells him how Logan forced her to do yard work, but Joe explains to her that with him, she will never have to do anything unless she wants to. The thought of living the "good life" excites Janie. Joe is a wealthy young man and sweeps her off her feet into a new atmosphere. They start a new life in a town called Eatonville. Since her husband is a prominent figure in Eatonville, he is elected mayor. She is happy to be the mayor's wife and thinks that she is in love. Jody is in charge of the whole town and advises her to stay at home while he takes care of everything else. Joe's confidence makes her feel secure."
Abstract This paper discusses reasons why the Joan Crawford's picture, "Possessed" is not really a film noir. It contends that it is rather a star vehicle for a female audience, as opposed to the male-dominated hard-boiled detectives and underworld figures who populated films noir of the '40s and '50s.
From the Paper "Film noir, literally black film was a term for crime melodramas usually low to medium budget and usually begun in the black-and-white eras before fancy color and special effects happened. Most of the subjects dealt with either crime, both punishment and retribution. In a sense one could say that this film genre became popular at the end of World War II when universal disillusionment set in and when the idea often was for someone to get away with it as long as it wasn't ..."
Tags: Possessed, Joan Crawford, Warner Brothers, film noir, women's picture, Curtis Bernhardt, disilliusionment
Abstract The paper discusses how in "Their Eyes Were Watching God," Hurston centers on the life of an African-American woman, Janie Crawford, to demonstrate women's bondage to the slavery system and a patriarchal society. The paper examines these themes of emancipation from a patriarchal African-American society and the path towards self-realization as an African-American woman. The paper asserts that despite the tedious path towards self-realization, Janie's marriage experiences of being subjugated by three men led to her eventual emancipation, wherein she was able to accept her being an individual and a woman.
From the Paper "The African-American heritage in the American society has experienced a long history of bondage to the slavery system, which created the divide between the white and black Americans in the country. Among those who first experienced this bitter history of bondage to slavery was the writer Zora Neale Hurston, who was known for her writings depicting not only African-American slavery, but most specifically, the plight of African-American women during this time of strife."
Abstract This paper examines how Janie Crawford, an African-American woman, the main character of Zora Neale Hurston's "Their Eyes Were Watching God, strives all her life to find her own voice and self-realization". In particular, it focuses on the roles that Janie's Nanny, Logan, Jody, Tea Cake, and Pheoby, play Janie's life and how they affect her identity development either positively or negatively.
From the Paper "Janie's grandmother, whom she refers to as "Nanny" takes the position as Janie's guardian. Nanny not only spoils Janie, but also makes life choices for her. Nanny is old, and she only wants the best for her grandchild, for she knows that the world is a cruel place. Nanny makes the mistake of not allowing Janie to learn anything on her own. Nanny, who was enslaved most of her lifetime, told Janie that a woman can only be happy when she marries someone who can provide her wealth, property, and security. Nanny knew nothing about love since she never experienced it and believed that love is unnecessary for her as well as for Janie. Grandma makes the decisions which she believe to be right, not the decisions which Janie wants. "
Abstract The paper shows that a distinct political revolution occurred between the Presidential Elections of 1824 and 1848. This change is often referred to as the Jacksonian Revolution or the rise of mass politics. It discusses how the beginnings of these changes are seen in 1824, but would not be institutionalized as a part of every election campaign until 1848. The paper shows that the most notable differences between the Presidential Elections of 1824 and 1848 were the use of party identifications or the partisan nature of the papers, the way that editors and people who wrote editorials to the papers argued their points and the development of early forms of polling and political endorsements.
From the Paper "During the 1824 Presidential Election there are few, if any, forms of polling, political endorsements, or advertisements, but they are all over the papers by the 1848 Presidential Election. Several unscientific polls are reported to the New York Herald regarding the 1848 Presidential Election during the six months leading up to the elections. ?Another Vote for Taylor ? On a late trip of the steamboat Herald, down the Illinois river, the vote for President was taken and stood as follows:- In the ladies? cabin, for Taylor 14; for Cass, 3. Gentlemen's cabin, for Taylor, 43; Cass, 23.? "
Abstract The democracy of goods concepts in advertising allows consumers to believe they can be equal to the rich and famous. In his book "Advertising the American Dream", Roland Marchand describes advertising strategies from the 1920s to the 1940s. In making this analysis, Marchand describes the appeal of the democracy of goods as a major concept underlying the advertising of the period. A consideration of this concept in the paper and how it applies to modern advertising, shows that the concept is effective in describing modern advertising strategies. Some minor changes have occurred in response to changes in society. However, on the whole, the concept, including the desires and ideals central to it, have remained the same. The paper examines three advertisements: pop-star Britney Spears drinking Pepsi, 'James Bond' promoting Jaguar Cars and supermodel Cindy Crawford wearing an Omega Watch.
From the Paper "Celebrity status now has greater meaning. Individuals that inherit fortunes do not appear in a significant amount of advertisements. However, individuals that achieve success, fame and fortune do. Idealized individuals are mostly movie stars, television stars and sports stars and these celebrities are most commonly featured in advertisements. The amount of celebrities that feature in advertisements can be linked to the desire people have to be something better. Since these people have earned their fortunes in some way, this reinforces to consumers that success is achievable. This makes it easier to believe that having the same product as the successful individual will make them successful also. This advertisement with Britney Spears drinking Pepsi as a means of convincing other people to drink Pepsi is based on the same desires and ideals as the 1920's advertisements. Britney Spears is what people want to be and physical possessions are seen as a way of attaining that same success. By buying Pepsi individuals feel that they are equal to Britney Spears."
Abstract This paper examines the main characters of Frances Hodgson Burnett's play, "The Secret Garden", Mary and Colin. The paper describes both characters as victims of their forlorn childhood. The paper explores their growing relationship and illustrates how they manage to help each other achieve self-awareness.
From the Paper "Writing in the Washington Times about a musical production of the play created from The Secret Garden, Jayne M. Blanchard (2002. P. DO2) noted that the children, Mary and Colin, "are spiritually and physically revived, actually given a reason to soldier on, when they coax back to life a long-neglected private garden." Blanchard found the production overly gloomy and filled with "adult angst." But then again, she thought the death in childbirth of Colin's mother was too Victorian. Unfortunately, while the setting of the book may have been Victorian, The Secret Garden was written thirty years after that era had ended. While Mary and Colin, two children as unlikable as they come, may have been a product of their age, the angst Blanchard mentions certainly sounds modern."
Abstract This paper explains that many critics have noted how Hurston uses the voices of the characters to illustrate their development, especially with Janie Crawford, who emerges as a tragic heroine. The author points out that, through the technique of narration, Hurston is able to emphasize Janie's voices in a way that includes the African-American heritage of oral tradition and the traditional notions of romance, which operate together to emphasize Janie's maturity. The paper relates that looking at the dialogue of the characters in "Their Eyes Were Watching God" reveals much not only about the characters but also Hurston's reaction the African American heritage.
From the Paper "As Janie moves from one bad relationship to another, her voice strengthens and she becomes a more mature individual. In the beginning of the novel, she thinks that marriage constitutes love and that spouses loving each other was a given. (Hurston 20) In addition, she also believed that marriage took away all loneliness. Later, she has the courage to tell Jody that he has to die to find out that "you got tuh pacify somebody beside yo'self . . . You ain't tried to pacify nobody but yo'self. Too busy listening to yo' own big voice" (82). In this scene, we see the importance of Hurston's narrative style. Janie is actually asserting herself with Jody and he cannot handle the power of her words. Another significant event in this scene occurs when Janie considers what happens in making a voice out of a man. His big voice does make a big woman out of her but not in the way that he anticipates. As Janie looks into the mirror, she realizes that the young girl she used to be is gone and she was now a woman."
Abstract This paper presents biographical information on the life and career of former Louisiana governor, Huey Long. The paper begins with a brief look at Long's childhood and adolescent years and then takes a look at his life as a young adult. Next, the paper describes Long's personality, explaining that his ambition was evident at an early age, and takes a look at his political views and his eventual rise to governor of Louisiana.
From the Paper "Huey Long was born in a log house on a 320-acre farm on August 30, 1893. He was the seventh of nine surviving children. "The Longs were not 'poor white trash' but neither were they gentry. It was a point of family pride that they always owned the land they worked." This pride of growing up somewhat poor on the Louisiana lands gave Huey Long a life-long theme, as he rose in his eventual goal: politics. He was the benefactor of the little man. "Every Man a King" was his life-long theme, and it continued, even as he took bribes from the big oil companies on one hand, and built highways, bridges, and hospitals as governor, with the money coming from increased taxes on those common folks he "loved". Loud, controversial, itching for a fight, even with the President of the U.S., he set himself up as an idol for the poor, and an enemy of the entrenched industrial tycoons in Louisiana, and eventually throughout the U.S."
This paper discusses the history of taxation in the U.S. and a proposed national retails sales tax and concludes in favor of these new systems of taxation.
Abstract This paper explains that, as proposed, the national sales tax (also called the Fair Tax) would be a 15 percent sales tax on the final purchase of goods and services at the retail level and would include the abolishment of the Internal Revenue Service. The author points out that some of the arguments for the Fair Tax are that all Americans will take home their entire paycheck resulting in revenue neutrality and that there will be no tax on business inputs. The paper relates that some of the arguments against the Fair Tax are the fear of burdening the poor who spend most of their income on retail in contrast to the wealthy who invest much of the income, and the cost of implementing a system of controls.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
History of U.S. Taxes and Tax Law
War of 1812 - The First Sales Tax
Civil War Effort - The First Income Tax Law
Congress Rules Income Taxes as Unconstitutional
The Sixteenth Amendment - Income Tax made Permanent
World War One
The Great Depression
World War II - Transformation of the Tax System
1981 - The Largest Tax Cut Ever
Yearly New Tax Acts - 1986 through 1990
Tax Acts of President George Bush
World Trade Organization Rules Corporate Tax Provision Illegal
The National Sales Tax
Three Major Proposals - Alternative Reform Initiatives
Another View of the NST
Gregory (2004) agrees with Crawford (2005) most emphatically
Another Vote for Real Reform
Primary arguments of Fair Tax proponents are as follows:
Primary Arguments of Those Against the Fair Tax
Knowledge to Assist in the Comprehension of the Fair Tax Law
The Views Expressed by 'The Ways and Means Committee - Washington"
Regressive Tax System Characteristics
Discussion
From the Paper "The proposed 'national sales tax' would be the replacement for the personal income tax, corporate income tax, and estate and gift tax and would have an impact on the U.S. economy, the national standard of living, the cost of compliance and the degree of intrusiveness of the tax system in the lives of U.S. citizens. The NST would stand in the place of all individual and corporate income tax, transfer taxes, as well as most non-trust fund excise taxes with a single 15 percent flat-rate tax on the purchase of final goods and services at the retail level. The rate of 15% would be applicable meaning that an item costing $.85 would cost a total of $1 including tax. he present income tax system in the U.S. has several defects. The National Sales Tax plan is purported to be the answer for correcting those defects."
A critical analysis of an article by Sowers, Crawford, McConnell and Randolph, entitled 'Selected Diet and Lifestyle Factors are Associated with Estrogen Metabolites in a Multiracial/Ethnic Population of Women".
Abstract This paper explains that there are significant problems in terms of conceptualization and methodology in the research reported by Sowers et. al. in the article 'Selected Diet and Lifestyle Factors are Associated with Estrogen Metabolites in a Multiracial/Ethnic Population of Women'. The author points out that the troubling methodological problems throughout the framework of this paper include ambiguous phrases, deceptive statistics, the overlooking of rival causes, inadequate justification of the project and the fundamental disconnect between the research questions and the results. The paper stresses that there is no justification for the authors' use of race/ethnicity as a variable in this study, particularly given that the authors pay absolutely no regard to the importance of socio-economic status as a variable. The author underscores that the harm of this research is that it implies inherently bad health to minorities, in this case, to African-American women, which risks perpetuating racist stereotypes.
From the Paper "The authors find that African-American women have significantly lower levels of estrogen metabolites than either White or Asian women; a number that they suggest is inherent in the racial group as it is not correlated to lifestyle factors. To attain this result, the authors measure the independent variable of race/ethnicity against dependent dietary and lifestyle variables. Other variables such as age are controlled. However, one obvious variable - a particularly important one given the focus of the study - is entirely absent from the analysis: socio-economic status."
Tags: stereotypes, variable, socio-economic, purpose, groups
