Abstract In this article, the writer delves into the issue of drug addiction, and analyzes the novel method of treating addiction, PROMETA. The writer notes that PROMETA is a form of treatment used today, which is targeted at the biology of addiction and addiction related diseases and disorders. The writer discusses that addiction can be explained as a disease that is closely associated with the biochemical changes that take place in the brain, changes that are responsible for producing the physical symptoms of an addict, that is, substance dependence, cravings, and withdrawal symptoms if the addict does not get what he craves for. The writer then discusses that PROMETA is a treatment that is designed primarily to target the adverse changes within the brain and in its chemistry, which would occur with addiction to any substances, including alcohol and drugs. This paper includes small pictures.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "This shows that PROMETA is an effective and comprehensive strategy that has been designed to fight the addiction that alcohol and substance abusers are prone to, as it handles the chemical imbalances in the brain that are caused as a natural consequence of such addictive behaviors. What is even better news for addicts, including those addicted to methamphetamines, is that with the PROMETA treatment, there may be lesser chances of remission, than with any other sort of de-addiction treatment. This in itself could prove to be a great incentive for those individuals who sincerely wish to rid themselves of their drug habit and addictions.
"Nevertheless, it cannot be stated that all is rosy for the treatment. Increasingly, PROMETA has come under close scrutiny, with several individuals and experts claming that the treatment does not achieve all that it claims to do, although there have been numerous testimonials testifying to the efficacy of the system of treatment for addiction."
Abstract For years, chocolate has been looked down upon as unhealthy, deemed a candy, slapped with myths and fallacies and prohibited from small children. This paper attempts to prove otherwise by showing how chocolate has been shown to lift depression, help your heart and aid alertness among other benefits and if used properly, chocolate can be a delicacy and a medicine. It examines all aspects of chocolate possible from its production from the cocoa bean, to physiological effects on the brain and body to side effects such as obesity and dental problems.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Brief Review of Cocoa
The Cacao Tree (Theobrom Cacao)
What is in the Cocoa Bean?
Making and Eating Chocolate
State of the Art of Cocoa
Is Cocoa Good for You?
Burden of Proof
Chocolate as a Fat
Effects on Blood Lipids
What is OK?
Chocolate, Health and Disease
Chocolate Craving Migraine
Toxicity
Immune Function
Allergy
Other Disorders
Behavior
Antioxidants
Caffeine
Dental Caries
Migraines
Obesity
Serum Cholesterol
Heart Health
Conclusions
From the Paper "Cocoa takes it a step further though. Not only does it provide energy for our actions. It supplies chemicals for our personalities and moods. Modern psychology leads us to believe that every thought, every idea that pops into our head is simultaneously a biological reaction. This biological reaction takes the form of chemical processes within our brains. Our mind then interprets these chemical compounds as thoughts, ideas, smells, tastes, touch, etc. Our thoughts, or chemicals compounds within our brain can determine how we feel, our motivation, our goals, our entire lives hinge upon our thoughts, for what are we but what we do. And before we do anything, we must think it. We must have considered it at some point or been subconsciously predisposed to an action or idea."
Abstract The paper presents the hypothesis that Naltrexone reduces the cravings associated with alcoholism, as well as related relapse rates and episodes of heavy drinking. The paper provides a critical review of the literature and includes recommendations for policymakers and healthcare providers alike. The paper's research shows how Naltrexone appears to be well-tolerated and effective in many patients by helping them to stop resumption of episodes of binge drinking.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "The impact of alcohol abuse and alcoholism is well documented and need be mentioned only to establish the extent of the problem considered herein. In this regard, Bhagar and Schmetzer (2006) report that, "Alcohol dependence is a problem that affects about 10 percent of the general population. It not only impacts the affected individual with disorders such as cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, dementia, and others, but also affects the whole family from issues related to abuse, drunken driving, divorce, or loss of employment" (p. 29). Likewise in her essay, "Rationale for Combining Acamprosate and Naltrexone for Treating Alcohol Dependence," Mason (2005) emphasizes that the alcoholism is a prevalent, chronic disorder that carries with it profound worldwide public health consequences. Therefore, the identification of safe and effective medications has assumed new importance in recent years in an effort to augment the modest efficacy of current behavioral treatments designed to reduce the high risk of drinking relapse after an initial period of abstinence."
Abstract This paper examines how, in order to develop effective treatment programs for drug addicts, it is essential to maintain a basic knowledge of the physiological basis of their cravings. It evaluates how the ability to explain the neuro-scientific effects of drug use allows those that are responsible for prevention to provide potential users with deterrents that are less dogmatic and more circumspect. It looks at how neuroscience has developed a new understanding of the reasons for addiction and how behavioral neuroscience has taught us that humans, like other animals, crave certain pharmaceutical agents. Studies have enabled scientists to better understand the neuro-chemistry of pleasure and of cravings.
From the Paper "Cocaine and amphetamines also increase DA availability at synapses of the mesolimbic circuit, causing the same addictive effect. Self-administration of psycho-stimulants declines when this system is damaged. The normal function of this system is to energize appetitive behavior ? that is ? to provide motivation for action. This function is integral to the brain, in that the chief end of the human brain is to provoke action by making these actions appetizing. The psycho-stimulant allows animals to bypass other brain functions that contextualize desire and appease the brain's desire centers directly. These brain systems might normally motivate an animal to explore and to vigorously pursue courses of action. Therefore, the effect of self-stimulation is duo-fold: it not only taxes brain centers that are responsible for the creation of appetite, but are eventually pulled from their innate desires to better themselves through pro-active conduct. "
Abstract This thesis argues that Holocaust denial is simply the craving for another Holocaust. It is a craving that basically pursues its objective via different tactics. The author feels that by erasing memory and employing moral relativism, combined with the same anti-Semitic caricatures that led to the Holocaust, holocaust denial institutes a certain social and political mind-set which, in turn, can facilitate the possibility of yet another Holocaust. In order to understand what Holocaust denial is about, it is mandatory to understand what the Holocaust was and why it came about. This essay examines both the Holocaust and the phenomenon of subsequent efforts to deny its historical reality.
Abstract This essay discusses the eating disorder orthorexia. The author defines orthorexia as the fixation on eating too healthy. The paper discusses what orthorexia is, its hidden causes, how it can be cured, statistics, and the dangers of the disorder.
From the paper:
"Orthorexia nervosa refers to the fixation on eating healthy food. It is referred to as correct appetite. Orthorexia is a long-term behavior pattern, not short term. Paying attention to food for a few weeks during dietary transition is not Orthorexia; constantly obsessing on food over the long run is. There are many reasons that eating disorders develop. Issues with control, a craving for perfection, and a vision of an unrealistic body image can be a few."
Tags: disorders, eating, weight, diet, health, cooking, raw
This paper is an in-depth analysis of the motives of Ted Bundy prior to and during his serial murders. The analysis uses a sub discipline of Cognitive Theory- Information Processing theory to examine Bundy's motives prior to and during his murders.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 7 sources, 2002, $ 78.95
Abstract This paper is an intensive examination of serial murderer Ted Bundy and the motivations behind his killing spree. In order to analyze this murderer, the paper uses a sub discipline of Cognitive Theory- Information Processing theory to examine Bundy's motives prior to and during his murders. It not only examines the man himself, but also looks at his victims, his family life and other environmental factors that may have led to his transformation.
From the paper:
"This cognitive representation of pleasure does not end with Bundy's first sexually motivated encounter, instead, this becomes a continuum in which another stimulus is introduced. The third stimulus, which is the actual murder, essentially strengthens Bundy's need and desire to rape and brutally sodomize women. Bundy's predisposition to sexually violent behavior was finally released. By breaking the barrier, Bundy's pathological processes overcame his inhibitions, which led him to crave more. Bundy had made the final decision to kill, solving his problem, he now lived uninhibited by any moral dilemma, and would keep murdering for the sake of self-gratification. It is really quite sickening to imagine that by mutilating, torturing, raping and murdering one could experience pleasure. Not only did Bundy experience great pleasure, but derived satisfaction and motivation to keep killing."
Tags: analysis, bundy, cognitive, information, murder, processing, serial, ted, theory
A paper which compares the characters of Stephen Daedalus in James Joyce's "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" and Andrea del Sarto in the poem of the same name by Robert Browning.
Abstract The paper shows that for both Stephen Dedalus in James Joyce's novel "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" and Andrea del Sarto in the poem of the same name by Robert Browning, art is a means of self-expression and achieved when the artist satisfies himself. It discusses how art comes from within and satisfies an inner craving - others may enjoy what is produced, but it is essential that the artist does. The paper shows that for both characters, their medium is how they relate to the world, how they understand the world, and how they shape the world, and all this constitutes a definition of art.
From the Paper "For Andrea del Sarto as for Stephen Dedalus, many of the things of this world stand in the way of the artist, whether that be the need for money, frustration with religion, political realities, interpersonal relationships, or similar concerns. Both artists are also faced with the reality of learning to master their media. Even then, as with Andrea del Sarto, this may not be enough if that spark that sets the artist apart is not present or is not as effective as for some other artist. Art for both is also a rivalry with other artists, and that in itself is both a spur and in some ways a barrier preventing the complete freeing of the inner artist."
Abstract The paper discusses that ,for most students on campus, drug use can be a recreational, experimental adventure, occasionally "done" at social gatherings. It argues that those who dabble in drugs are jeopardizing much more than the legal ramifications of getting caught. For the unfortunate few, it can be the beginning of a terrifying world of addiction. Experimenting with drugs, in truth, is like playing Russian roulette. Both are deadly games with eventual casualties. The paper uses persuasive argument to show that the disease of addiction is progressive - that one begins by smoking a little "weed" or popping a few pills and eventually the drug will handle the user.
From the Paper "In recent news releases, cigarette smoking among college students is over 20 percent. Also, excessive drinking at Penn States main campus this past summer deployed riot police, curfews and criminal charges. Alcohol and tobacco, which are both addictive, are unfortunately socially acceptable and legal. In the city of Philadelphia, an unscrupulous physician is arrested for writing out pain prescriptions for addicts on a regular basis. Amish youths were likewise busted for selling cocaine in Lancaster County. Is no place sacred? Is no one immune?"
Abstract This paper looks briefly at the background of the Spanish painter Salvador Dali and the Australian painter Brett Whiteley, two extraordinary artists from the surrealist movement. It details their artistic influences, views on life and makes an attempt at finding method in their madness. It discusses how it was an 'insatiable craving for sex', money and fame that drove Dali to artistic genius, while for Whiteley, it was alcohol and narcotics. It compares and contrasts some of their famous works, their styles and their perceived meanings.
From the Paper "Dali was a Spanish painter and writer who played a very significant part in the surrealist movement. From youth onwards, he was a very talented and recognised artist, with many of his works being displayed and published. He was an artist whose life was dominated largely by an 'insatiable craving for sex', money and fame. Dali was also fascinated with the aspect of death, combined with the popular beliefs of society. Much of his work was based on influences gained from other artists as well as both contemporary philosophy and science. His role models were Goya, El Greco, Durer, Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Velaquez. In all, this represented the characteristically wide-ranging nature of Dali's way of thinking: the comic and the diabolic rub shoulders with serious classicism, with levity and gravity reflected to an equal degree. It was written that "Dali uses realistic items to reveal his dream-like ideas. His paintings are executed with infinite care and sometimes depict minute detail... The imaginary things depicted are presented in startling, distorted and fantastic ways, or else in natural, incredible combinations of parts of the human figure in tortured, writhing gestures." "
This paper discusses the ideal man and women as presented in Washington Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Birthmark".
Abstract This paper states that, when looking at gender definitions, the context dictates the ideal characteristics for men and women. The author relates that Washington Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" shows the victory of the physical over the intellectual man, while applauding the ideal woman who craves such physicality. The author believes that Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Birthmark" pits two opposite types of men against each other representing the ideal man as a blend of the two, while representing the ideal woman as a complicated blend between intellect and beauty.
From the Paper "Each man is diametrically opposed to another male influence in his respective stories, and these opposition figures represent the physical portion of the male that is lacking from both Ichabod and Aylmer. Ichabod is opposed by both the father of his love interest, and by a competitor for Katrina's love, Brom van Brunt. Brom is the ideal of masculine strength and carries with him a certain wild frontier quality. He is a braggart, a sportsman, and a swaggering daredevil wrapped into one. Katrina's father represents the town of Sleepy Hollow; he does not look beyond his own borders, cares little if any for education, and wants to keep his town continuing the way it is, free of outsiders and outside ideas. Aylmer is opposed by his scientific assistant, Aminadab."
Abstract The hero of the revenge tragedy is known for having certain characteristics. These include that the hero is compelled to act by certain forces, that the existing authorities are unwilling or incapable of satisfying the hero's craving for justice, that the hero has a detailed and devious plan they are determined to carry out and that there is a moment of declaration where the avenger tells the victim why they are going to be killed. "Hamlet" (William Shakespeare) and "The Libation Bearers" (Aeschylus) are two revenge tragedies, with the heroes of each Hamlet and Orestes. Since Hamlet and Orestes are both revenge heroes, it would be suggested that they are similar characters and they would each meet the criteria of the revenge hero. However, a close look at the two plays in this paper show that Hamlet and Orestes are very different characters. Orestes meets the fours criteria of the classic revenge hero, while Hamlet pushes all the boundaries of what would be expected and either only partially meets, or does not meet, the four criteria at all. To illustrate the differences, Hamlet and Orestes are compared, based on the four characteristics identified.
From the Paper "The second characteristic of the classic revenge tragedy hero is that the existing authorities are unwilling or incapable of satisfying the hero's craving for justice. In both plays, the authorities are unwilling to right the situation, meaning that it is left to the hero to right it. Hamlet's and Orestes's circumstances are the same on this point. However, the two heroes differ in that Orestes has a craving to right the situation and Hamlet does not. The circumstances in both plays are very similar. In Hamlet, Claudius has killed the king and assumed the role of king. This puts Claudius in the role of power and since Claudius is at the highest level, the authorities cannot right the situation. This creates a need for someone to right the situation and Hamlet is assigned to this task. Seeking revenge is then a way to avenge Claudius's murder, as well as to restore harmony. In The Libation Bearers Orestes's mother Clytaemnestra has murdered her husband and Orestes's father, King Agamemnon. Clytaemnestra has obtained the highest seat of power, just as Claudius did. With Clytaemnestra at the highest level, the authorities cannot right the situation. The task of righting the situations falls to Orestes, with this necessary both to revenge his father's murder and to restore harmony."
Abstract Benito Mussolini was the Fascist dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943. He was very popular for most of the time he was in power, but by the time he was shot by Communists in 1945 he had become very unpopular and his death was welcomed. My goal in this paper is to take a look at his family, his education and how he became so power-hungry that he brought about his own ruin. I also will look at whether he had emotional illnesses and how they might have affected his thinking and craving for power.
Abstract "Oedipus the King" is a tragedy that focuses on the life and downfall of the unfortunate King Oedipus, who was condemned by the oracle at an early age to murder his father and marry his mother. This paper, analyzes, and pays special attention to the last line in the play, "Crave not mastery in all." And what this means in the context of the play and the ending of it all.
Abstract Religion has been a driving force in the lives of human beings since time began. Modern moral decline signals the failing of modern religion to uphold a significant value system and outlet for man's craving for something to believe in. This paper details a new religion, "Spirituality for Souls and Communities in the New Age", that by incorporating traditional religious teachings and practices with spiritual and intellectual freedom would meet the needs of individuals in today's world.
