Abstract
In this article, the writer delves into the issue of drug addiction, and analyzes the novel method of treating addiction, PROMETA. The writer notes that PROMETA is a form of treatment used today, which is targeted at the biology of addiction and addiction related diseases and disorders. The writer discusses that addiction can be explained as a disease that is closely associated with the biochemical changes that take place in the brain, changes that are responsible for producing the physical symptoms of an addict, that is, substance dependence, cravings, and withdrawal symptoms if the addict does not get what he craves for. The writer then discusses that PROMETA is a treatment that is designed primarily to target the adverse changes within the brain and in its chemistry, which would occur with addiction to any substances, including alcohol and drugs. This paper includes small pictures.

Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"This shows that PROMETA is an effective and comprehensive strategy that has been designed to fight the addiction that alcohol and substance abusers are prone to, as it handles the chemical imbalances in the brain that are caused as a natural consequence of such addictive behaviors. What is even better news for addicts, including those addicted to methamphetamines, is that with the PROMETA treatment, there may be lesser chances of remission, than with any other sort of de-addiction treatment. This in itself could prove to be a great incentive for those individuals who sincerely wish to rid themselves of their drug habit and addictions.
"Nevertheless, it cannot be stated that all is rosy for the treatment. Increasingly, PROMETA has come under close scrutiny, with several individuals and experts claming that the treatment does not achieve all that it claims to do, although there have been numerous testimonials testifying to the efficacy of the system of treatment for addiction."

Tags:substances, abuse, abstinence, cravings

Abstract
The paper presents the hypothesis that Naltrexone reduces the cravings associated with alcoholism, as well as related relapse rates and episodes of heavy drinking. The paper provides a critical review of the literature and includes recommendations for policymakers and healthcare providers alike. The paper's research shows how Naltrexone appears to be well-tolerated and effective in many patients by helping them to stop resumption of episodes of binge drinking.

Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The impact of alcohol abuse and alcoholism is well documented and need be mentioned only to establish the extent of the problem considered herein. In this regard, Bhagar and Schmetzer (2006) report that, "Alcohol dependence is a problem that affects about 10 percent of the general population. It not only impacts the affected individual with disorders such as cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, dementia, and others, but also affects the whole family from issues related to abuse, drunken driving, divorce, or loss of employment" (p. 29). Likewise in her essay, "Rationale for Combining Acamprosate and Naltrexone for Treating Alcohol Dependence," Mason (2005) emphasizes that the alcoholism is a prevalent, chronic disorder that carries with it profound worldwide public health consequences. Therefore, the identification of safe and effective medications has assumed new importance in recent years in an effort to augment the modest efficacy of current behavioral treatments designed to reduce the high risk of drinking relapse after an initial period of abstinence."

Tags:binge, drinking, cravings, dependence, oral, opiate

Abstract
This paper examines how, in order to develop effective treatment programs for drug addicts, it is essential to maintain a basic knowledge of the physiological basis of their cravings. It evaluates how the ability to explain the neuro-scientific effects of drug use allows those that are responsible for prevention to provide potential users with deterrents that are less dogmatic and more circumspect. It looks at how neuroscience has developed a new understanding of the reasons for addiction and how behavioral neuroscience has taught us that humans, like other animals, crave certain pharmaceutical agents. Studies have enabled scientists to better understand the neuro-chemistry of pleasure and of cravings.

From the Paper
"Cocaine and amphetamines also increase DA availability at synapses of the mesolimbic circuit, causing the same addictive effect. Self-administration of psycho-stimulants declines when this system is damaged. The normal function of this system is to energize appetitive behavior " that is " to provide motivation for action. This function is integral to the brain, in that the chief end of the human brain is to provoke action by making these actions appetizing. The psycho-stimulant allows animals to bypass other brain functions that contextualize desire and appease the brain's desire centers directly. These brain systems might normally motivate an animal to explore and to vigorously pursue courses of action. Therefore, the effect of self-stimulation is duo-fold: it not only taxes brain centers that are responsible for the creation of appetite, but are eventually pulled from their innate desires to better themselves through pro-active conduct. "

Tags:pharmaceutical, agents, behavioral, neuroscience, brain

Abstract
The paper discusses how Robert Louis Stevenson conveys the moral state of his Victorian society in his work "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde". The paper looks at how Dr. Jekyll yearns to indulge in his more socially inappropriate desires, and so he creates a potion that causes him to develop a dual personality; his good self, Dr. Jekyll, and the other, Mr. Hyde, an evil person who can partake in the forbidden acts that Jekyll craves. The paper explains that in Victorian society, people had to maintain an image of decency, so they led dual lives to address their sexual desires and other sensual cravings.

From the Paper
"Even before he has created his potion, Dr. Jekyll dreams of separating the two sides of "man's dual nature", the "good and the ill". (p 2200) He yearns for the freedom each will enjoy, without the other to restrict or shame. The name Jekyll gives to his other half, Mr. Hyde, (Hide) speaks volumes of his wish to keep his desires and urges "hidden". He uses a back door to get into Jekyll's home, another instance of him being "hidden". Hyde's appearance symbolizes society's feelings for someone of his character. He's described as "detestable", "displeasing" and as having some kind of deformity that no one can put their finger on. (p 2173) Jekyll's choice of a home for Hyde, in a run down, seedy part of London, is a perfect location for someone lacking any morality."

Tags:Victorians, decency, image, evil, desire

Abstract
The paper looks at health-promoting behaviours and behaviours detrimental to health. Then, the paper provides a thumbnail sketch of a health promotion plan that can spare individuals the suffering associated with acute diabetes and an interview with a medical professional who has seen health promotion plans succeed and fail. The paper shows how dealing with diabetes requires discipline, common-sense and a willingness to put aside short-term cravings for long-term health.

From the Paper
"The following paper is a brief overview of a health promotion plan. Specifically, the paper will look at health-promoting behaviours and behaviours detrimental to health. Finally, the paper will provide a thumbnail sketch of a health promotion plan that can spare individuals the suffering associated with acute diabetes and an interview with a medical professional who has seen health promotion plans succeed and fail. In the end, dealing with diabetes requires discipline, common-sense and a willingness to put aside short-term cravings for long-term health."

Tags:healthcare, diabetes, dealing

Abstract
This paper examines how classically male vampires in horror films are portrayed in a sympathetic light as tortured men who are suffering from a compulsion rather than having homicidal tendencies. It looks at how the female vampires of the 1970's, however, are depicted in a completely different manner. They are young, beautiful, and unrepentant; their goal is not only to satisfy their cravings, but also to corrupt and consume the souls of their victims. It analyzes how filmmakers of this era depict these strong, sensual women as sexual deviants through a review of such films as "The Vampire Lovers" (1970), "Lust for a Vampire" (1971), and "A Filha de Dracula" (1972).

From the Paper
"By the 1970's, monsters in horror films changed a great deal, especially in the case of female monsters. The stereotypical masculine lesbian expected by audiences was replaced by the heterosexual male fantasy of the hyper-feminine woman (Cook 45). In female vampire films, young, nubile women strut about, often without their clothes, purely for the benefit of the heterosexual male audience. They are portrayed as carefree and unrepentant; the curse that burdens the male vampire is conspicuously absent from these films. "Hedonism above compulsion" (Silver 112) is accentuated as the primary source of motivation for their deviant behavior. The female vampire's victims, similar to those of the male vampire, are young and naive, yet there is a romantic aspect that is not present in male vampire films. The female vampire derives as much pleasure from the seduction of her victim as she does from drawing blood."

Tags:death, dracula, lesbian, monsters, female, fantasy

Abstract
For years, chocolate has been looked down upon as unhealthy, deemed a candy, slapped with myths and fallacies and prohibited from small children. This paper attempts to prove otherwise by showing how chocolate has been shown to lift depression, help your heart and aid alertness among other benefits and if used properly, chocolate can be a delicacy and a medicine. It examines all aspects of chocolate possible from its production from the cocoa bean, to physiological effects on the brain and body to side effects such as obesity and dental problems.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Brief Review of Cocoa
The Cacao Tree (Theobrom Cacao)
What is in the Cocoa Bean?
Making and Eating Chocolate
State of the Art of Cocoa
Is Cocoa Good for You?
Burden of Proof
Chocolate as a Fat
Effects on Blood Lipids
What is OK?
Chocolate, Health and Disease
Chocolate Craving
Migraine
Toxicity
Immune Function
Allergy
Other Disorders
Behavior
Antioxidants
Caffeine
Dental Caries
Migraines
Obesity
Serum Cholesterol
Heart Health
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Cocoa takes it a step further though. Not only does it provide energy for our actions. It supplies chemicals for our personalities and moods. Modern psychology leads us to believe that every thought, every idea that pops into our head is simultaneously a biological reaction. This biological reaction takes the form of chemical processes within our brains. Our mind then interprets these chemical compounds as thoughts, ideas, smells, tastes, touch, etc. Our thoughts, or chemicals compounds within our brain can determine how we feel, our motivation, our goals, our entire lives hinge upon our thoughts, for what are we but what we do. And before we do anything, we must think it. We must have considered it at some point or been subconsciously predisposed to an action or idea."

Tags:cacao, tree, cocoa, bean, fat, migraine, toxicity, craving, health, disease

Abstract
This thesis argues that Holocaust denial is simply the craving for another Holocaust. It is a craving that basically pursues its objective via different tactics. The author feels that by erasing memory and employing moral relativism, combined with the same anti-Semitic caricatures that led to the Holocaust, holocaust denial institutes a certain social and political mind-set which, in turn, can facilitate the possibility of yet another Holocaust. In order to understand what Holocaust denial is about, it is mandatory to understand what the Holocaust was and why it came about. This essay examines both the Holocaust and the phenomenon of subsequent efforts to deny its historical reality.

Abstract
This paper is an intensive examination of serial murderer Ted Bundy and the motivations behind his killing spree. In order to analyze this murderer, the paper uses a sub discipline of Cognitive Theory- Information Processing theory to examine Bundy's motives prior to and during his murders. It not only examines the man himself, but also looks at his victims, his family life and other environmental factors that may have led to his transformation.

From the paper:

"This cognitive representation of pleasure does not end with Bundy?s first sexually motivated encounter, instead, this becomes a continuum in which another stimulus is introduced. The third stimulus, which is the actual murder, essentially strengthens Bundy?s need and desire to rape and brutally sodomize women. Bundy?s predisposition to sexually violent behavior was finally released. By breaking the barrier, Bundy?s pathological processes overcame his inhibitions, which led him to crave more. Bundy had made the final decision to kill, solving his problem, he now lived uninhibited by any moral dilemma, and would keep murdering for the sake of self-gratification. It is really quite sickening to imagine that by mutilating, torturing, raping and murdering one could experience pleasure. Not only did Bundy experience great pleasure, but derived satisfaction and motivation to keep killing."

Tags:analysis, bundy, cognitive, information, murder, processing, serial, ted, theory

Abstract
This essay discusses the eating disorder orthorexia. The author defines orthorexia as the fixation on eating too healthy. The paper discusses what orthorexia is, its hidden causes, how it can be cured, statistics, and the dangers of the disorder.

From the paper:

"Orthorexia nervosa refers to the fixation on eating healthy food. It is referred to as correct appetite. Orthorexia is a long-term behavior pattern, not short term. Paying attention to food for a few weeks during dietary transition is not Orthorexia; constantly obsessing on food over the long run is. There are many reasons that eating disorders develop. Issues with control, a craving for perfection, and a vision of an unrealistic body image can be a few."

Tags:disorders, eating, weight, diet, health, cooking, raw