Abstract
Examines the accusation against Flipper of embezzlement of Army funds and conduct unbecoming an officer, his ultimate acquittal of embezzlement charge, and his dishonorable discharge from the Army in 1882.

From the Paper
"This research paper discusses the court martial of Lt. Henry Ossian Flipper (Flipper) (1856-1940). Flipper, the first African-American to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point and one ..."

Abstract
The paper examines Michael Belknap's text, "The Vietnam War on Trial: The My Lai Massacre and Court-Martial of Lieutenant William Calley" and summarizes the arguments presented in the book and the manner in which Belknap supports his positions. The paper asserts that overall, Belknap is correct to sharply denounce anyone directly involved with this tragedy - but, in his efforts to discredit the Vietnam War in general, he over-reacts when it comes to laying the blame for what happened.

From the Paper
"What follows is a paper looking at Michael Belknap's text, "The Vietnam War on Trial: The My Lai Massacre and Court-Martial of Lieutenant William Calley". The paper will briefly summarize the arguments presented in the book and the manner in which Belknap supports his positions. Overall, Belknap is correct to sharply denounce anyone directly involved with this tragedy - but, in his efforts to discredit the Vietnam War in general, he over-reaches when it comes to laying the blame for what happened. The first thing that comes to mind is that Belknap portrays Calley as hopelessly incompetent - a stance he supports by showing that Calley's own..."

Tags:vietnam, war, review

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of former Marine Lieutenant Philip J. Caputo's experiences during the Vietnam War as recounted in his book "A Rumor of War". The Lieutenant eventually faced court martial and this analysis provides an argument that the Marine should be found innocent of any crimes because of the nature of combat and, in particular, the unique nature of the Vietnam war in American political and military history.

From the Paper
"At one point in "A Rumor of War" in describing his feelings about combat as a Marine Lieutenant in Vietnam, Philip J Caputo writes; "In war, a man does not have to be killed or wounded to become a casualty." This statement is very revealing of Caputo's physical and psychological scarring in a war most of America tried hard to forget, along with those who sacrificed during it. Caputo's court-martial trial was itself a travesty of justice, a trial undertaken for political..."

Tags:death, honor, bravery, courage, Vietcong, psyche, casualties, policy, politics, lies, hatred, fear, survival, troops

Abstract
This paper presents a critical review of "The Port Chicago Mutiny" by Robert L. Allen, a mutiny that took place in the ammunition depot of a shipyard in 1944. The paper examines Allen's methodology, thesis and the short- and long-term ramifications of the court martial.

From the Paper
"The largest mutiny trial in the history of the United States took place because of events not on board a ship but at a shipyard. Fifty men were tried and convicted of mutiny based on their failure to ..."

Tags:Port chicago mutiny, robert allen, navy, desegregation, segregation

Abstract
This paper looks at the setting and political backdrop behind the 1886 arrest of French Jewish military officer Alfred Dreyfus for passing on documents to the German army. It examines how he was was arrested, not allowed to have contact with anyone outside the prison, pressured into a false confession, court-martialed behind closed doors, and convicted. It looks at the attempts to prove him innocent, including those of prominent journalist Emil Zola, and how he was eventually acquitted and returned from Devil's Island in 1896.

From the Paper
"Still determined to protect their reputation instead of promoting the truth, the military charged Zola with the very serious French crime of "slandering the military." (Editor, 1998) Zola was found guilty, and he was sentenced to a year in jail (Staff writers, 2004). He managed to escape to England and thus avoid going to jail, and continued his campaign from there to free Dreyfus (Editor, 1998). As the efforts of the military cover-up became more and more obvious, intellectuals around the world spoke out for Zola, who had previously criticized the French press for their anti-Semitism (Editor, 1998). At this point the Dreyfus affair had become completely politicized with Royalists, military and nationalist factions all taking one stand, with Republicans, socialists and anti-clerical groups on the other side (Staff writers, 2004)."

Tags:emile, zola, jew, anti, semitism

Abstract
The American Civil War had amazing leaders. General Robert E. Lee, for the Confederates, was a gentleman?s gentleman, brilliant tactician, and wonderful human being. On the other hand, General Ulysses Grant, the leader of the Union Army, won decisive battle after battle and made the overall outcome of the War possible. The paper shows that General Grant, who rode his popularity in winning the war to the White House, remains to this day, a much maligned figure. It is true that his presidency, while not plumbing the depths of the presidencies of Warren Harding, William Harrison, or Andrew Johnson, did not set any standards for leadership. The paper shows that what remains hidden and often distorted is the fact that Ulysses Grant left behind a spectacular legacy of martial generalship. This work explores Grant?s role and personality against the backdrop of the Civil War with his achievements and shortcomings.

From the Paper
"Historically however, Grant has been portrayed more as a caricature than his vast accomplishments merit. Revised history is slowly beginning however, to turn the tide in favor of Grant's numerous qualities. One of the biggest faults brought up against him were that of drinking, with the allusions that his drunkenness were somehow related to the injudiciousness that he displayed on the battle field, especially with the soldiers. Statistically, battles that Grant was involved in resulted in the loss of more Union soldiers in very short periods of time. This earned him the unfair moniker of ?Butcher.? It is true that the Union army's casualties at Shiloh were appalling, but so were Confederate losses. (Wakefield, 1999)"

Tags:Emancipation, Proclamation, Appomattox, Court, House, Virginia

Abstract
Sir Arthur Malory's "Le Morte D'Arthur" presents, in one volume, a cumulative and syncretic vision of knighthood. A knight has several roles, and his worth depends on how well he fulfills them. Malory's knights are primarily defined by martial success, although the knights of the Grail Quest have a separate set of standards to live up to because of the spiritual component of their quest. This paper describes the defining characteristics of a Malorian knight and addresses apparent inconsistencies in the text. The knights' characteristics are prowess in feats of arms, lack of caution, courtesy and devotion to the fellowship and, by extension, to the state. Relationships with women are usually conducted along the lines of courtly love. The ascendancy in Book VI of "pure" knights like Galahad does not indicate inconsistency on Malory's part, but rather a change in the Arthurian world, a need for a new kind of knight for a new kind of quest.

From the Paper
"Many knights disobey some of the guidelines for knightly conduct, but the sympathetic ones usually have a reasonable excuse. Arthur orders young boys killed to avert the prophesy of his death but this is not strongly condemned. Tristram cannot ride to the aid of Lord Segwerdes' abducted wife until her husband has tried to free her or it will be too obvious that Tristram is having an affair with her. Lancelot shamefully rides in a cart because he is in a terrible rush to reach Guinevere. Tristram technically commits treason by cuckolding his king, but a chapter heading within the tale of Tristram de Lyones is entitled "Here Begynneth the Treson of Kinge Marke That He Ordayned Agayne Sir Trystram." Of all the knights, Sir Gareth is probably the one who lives most in accordance with the chivalric ideal."

Tags:courtly, knighthood, medieval, vinaver

Abstract
This paper discusses the process of conviction through history, from martial and colonial law to the modern court system. It goes on to discuss methods of punishment from branding and flogging, through export to colonies, to modern prisons. It looks at various prison systems and philosophies from rotting squalor, to hard labor and chain gangs to the modern healing and rehabilitation. The paper also looks at the severity of punishments meted out over history for various crimes and discusses debtor?s prisons. It is well laid out in chronological historical periods.

From the paper:

?Crime is an issue of paramount social concern, one that directly and indirectly affects each and every member of society. The costs of crime are not merely financial; there are also emotional costs such as when a criminal murders an individual?s family member or close friend or when an offender is incarcerated, depriving his or her family of emotional and/or financial support. Public concern has increased over specific aspects of the crime problem, namely juvenile crime, prison reform, the role of television in producing violence, and urban gangs. This paper analyzes and examines prisons and how they have evolved over the centuries to match the attitudes and ideas of society. In Part II, the history surrounding prisons is analyzed. Finally, this paper concludes with recommendations for ways to improve how the criminal justice system handles punishment.?

Tags:judges, detention, rehabilitation

Abstract
This paper explains why it is essential that members of the armed forces obey the orders of superior officers. It addresses the hierarchical nature of the military. The writer discusses the national command authority and looks at the chain of command. The writer examines the need for good order within the military. This article also discusses the duty to disobey unlawful orders and the concept of war crimes.

From the Paper
"The U.S. military is a hierarchy. Constitutionally, the ultimate authority and responsibility for the national defense rests with the President of the United States and the Commander in Chief of the nation's armed forces. The President uses the Secretary of Defense as his principal assistant in all matters relating to the military and national defense. The Secretary of Defense has statutory authority and control over all branches of America's armed services. The Secretary is responsible for the effective and efficient operation of the U.S. military. "

Tags:U.s. Military, hierarchy, chain of command, commander in chief, secretary of defense, superior officer, lawful command, UCMJ, court martial, war crime

Abstract
The paper examines the recent spread of computer usage violations in the government and the military, especially surfing prohibited sites. The paper looks at the resulting punitive measures and the wide range of punishments available. It also cites the relevant sections of the military and federal codes that covers prohibitions of this nature.

From the Paper
"The US Military and Government prohibits the unauthorized use of Government Unclassified/OSIS computers to surf prohibited sites, such as those containing sexually explicit material that may be deemed pornography. Typically the government randomly selects computers or users to monitor to maintain this law. However unauthorized use of computers is a problem within the government and military at large, at least as much of a problem as unauthorized computer use is for any employer in society. Federal employees who violate this prohibition are subject to a wide range of disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal. There are several policies currently in set as law and statute by the federal government that strictly prohibit the unauthorized use of government computers. Military personnel who use official computers to access prohibited sites are also subject to a wide range of disciplinary action, including court Marshall under the Uniform Code of Military Justice."

Tags:technology, court, martial, internet, navy