Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that certain Middle East countries, specifically, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and to a large degree Egypt and Saudi Arabia, as governments, as nations, seem to have few problems curbing fundamental subversion and the terrorist forces which have been otherwise successful in interrupting the economies and political processes of other governments in that area of the world. This silence causes the researcher to wonder, and to take a closer look at those countries where subversive activities are held in check, and where the people of those nations seem to inhabit the same rural and metropolitan spaces without leaving bombs in fruit stands or along the roadside aimed at killing whoever might come along. The writer discusses the difference between those countries where those kinds of destruction are not the order of the day, versus those nations where roadside bombs, destruction and the maiming of civilians are indeed very much the order of the day.
Outline:
Introduction
Focus, Comparison and Contrast
UAE
Answers From Within
Jordan
Islamic Justice
From the Paper "Still, unlike the UAE, Jordan has remained a self-sustaining economy, relying largely upon imports for its greater population needs, and subsistence for the small, largely impoverished family-farmers. Perhaps it is this simplicity in the economics of self-sustaining one's family on the land that has contributed to achieving a measure of stability in Jordan's political dynamics. It is difficult, one would suspect, to become overly interested in world politics, or even religious fanaticism, when one's focus must be that of sustaining small families in an agricultural environment where the land and product by which one sustains one's self and family is intricately intertwined with the forces of nature."
Abstract The paper explores the stance of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in regards to its policy of accession with developing countries and specific restrictions on trade for other countries. The paper focuses on Kyrgyzstan and further developments of the WTO with Russia and China. The paper provides a brief synopsis on globalization and capital to shed light on the effects of trade on the global economy.
From the Paper "The World Trade Organization has, since the Doha Ministerial Conference in 2001 had at the center of its policy the enhancement of developing countries with trade. The Committee on Trade and Development deals with economy issues facing less developed countries (that is less developed in the areas of agriculture, or natural resources) and works on trade related issues that may arise from such shortcomings.
"Another area by which the WTO has interacted with developing countries is through technology. The WTO has set forth specific goals for accessible technologies to be traded between countries whether or not they are developing or already developed in technology. Agriculture and technology are key components of the Doha Ministerial Conference because they allow for multilateral trade. The WTO has two-thirds of its members as developing countries so their inclusion in policy and multilateral trade is essential to the role of the World Trade Organization (Ingco 2004)."
Abstract This paper looks at the book "Ethiopia: A Country Study" from the point of view of its unique angle in which it examines the history and society of Ethiopia. It shows how the authors adopt a holistic approach to the analysis of Ethiopia, providing a detailed description and interpretation of the country's major historical events, in addition to its social, economic, political, and security systems.
From the Paper "Presented in a chronologically well structured manner, and in language that is acceptable to both academic experts and a general audience, the study conducts an in-depth analysis of Ethiopia's social, political and economic institutions, their development, efficiency and interrelationships. Ethiopia: A Country Study places great emphasis on the effects of cultural factors and, unlike many similar research projects, the authors of this book have closely examined and considered the results of political and economic development upon the different ethnic groups within Ethiopia, in addition to those of the population as a whole."
Tags: africa, society, economy, development, third, world, country, population
Abstract The paper is a brief research in to the issue of the fundamentalist Islamic societies such as, Saudi Arabia and other related countries, where men abuse Islam to oppress women.
Abstract The paper discusses the positive benefits of NAFTA with reference to its unique political and foreign policy attributes, as well as to specific economic improvements for its signatory countries. Specifically, the U.S. textile, pet food and soybean industries have all seen massive growth in exports. Yet, the paper shows how these improvements have not been one-sided since both Canada and Mexico have experienced large increases of exports to the U.S. market as well.
Abstract In this article, the writer explains that chronic non-specific low back pain is defined as back pain that continues for more than 12 weeks often without a specific source or triggering factor. The writer notes that at present, chronic low back pain is considered by doctors to be the most expensive benign disease in industrialized countries because it significantly limits the number of physical and non-physical activities that a person might do. The writer points out that due to the rising cost to the economy because of back pain, it becomes very important to find cheaper alternative treatments and management strategies to prevent it from occurring and to lessen the pain associated with it. The writer concentrates on Pilates exercises. The writer concludes that Pilates exercises not only focus on the core muscles associated with low back pain, but have confirmed pain management effects.
Outline:
Introduction
Using Pilates to Improve Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Results of the Pilates Intervention Program
Conclusion
From the Paper "One of the cheaper alternative treatments that have been found for chronic non-specific low back pain is exercise therapy. Exercise therapy for back pain focuses on the key areas of the back so that the person suffering from it can slowly become more confident to use their spine and become less afraid of the physical pain associated with using it. As exercise therapy progresses, the back muscles are strengthened and the individual will experience less pain with physical activity. Exercise therapy is also cheaper than traditional physiotherapy since it can be performed in groups with only a single instructor while physiotherapy mandates expensive one-on-one session with a physical therapist."
This paper evaluates how a country's public policy is impacted by the country's historical background and its population's support for the government, using India and Russia as case studies.
Abstract This paper compares Russia's and India's public policy sector to illustrate the relevance of countryspecificities in terms of public policies and institutions, as well as the importance of historical background in framing and developing such policies and institutions. The paper demonstrates how both countries have had difficulty establishing a proper public policy sector because of their historical backgrounds, their cultural traditions, and their current political situations.
From the Paper "The public policy sector is an important level of government in any modern country. It makes the connection between the government and the ones governed the population. In this sense it can also be considered to be a sign of democracy and of fair governance. However, there are countries in the world that have trouble in establishing and developing a proper public policy sector due to their historical background, their cultural tradition, but also their current political situation. Among such countries are India and Russia, two of the most important players on the international scene, great economic powers, and important forces in terms of the demographic aspect. A comparison between them can show both the relevance of country specificities in terms of public policies and institutions, as well as the importance of historical background in framing and developing such policies and institutions."
Tags: trust, corruption, democracy, population, energy
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts Yasunari Kawabata's "Snow Country" with Albert Camus' "The Stranger". The paper points out that, while the styles of the two novels are different, the core of both Yasunari Kawabata's "Snow Country" and Albert Camus' "The Stranger" is based on the theme of estrangement or alienation. The paper then highlights that, even though the thematic similarity could form the basis for a comparison of the works, there are other, more specific resemblances that should be analyzed. Thus, the paper examines how both authors use the settings of their novels as meaningful contexts, which emphasize the two strangers' absolute loneliness.
From the Paper "The Stranger and Snow Country are the products of two opposed civilizations, the West and the East. As such, the two works have sprung from an entirely different background, but, nevertheless, they are also very similar. Through their thematic, the two novels are very similar, yet their style differs very much. Thus, the core of both works is formed by the theme of estrangement or alienation: both Shimamura and Mersault are equally incapable of love and passion or of any other bond with the people surrounding them. Moreover, the two seem entirely disconnected from their immediate reality. In terms of character and how they actually view the world, the two heroes are quite different. While the thematic similarity could form the basis for a comparison, there are other, more specific resemblances that should be analyzed. The most significant one thus is the fact that both authors use the settings of their novels as meaningful contexts, which emphasize the two strangers' absolute loneliness."
Abstract The stories "Good Country People" and "The Gilded Six-Bits" both tell stories about the development of human character. These stories illustrate contrasting views of humanity and, as a result, they teach us what constitutes a successful and happy person. Each author employs the technique of stylistic attention detail and specific diction as a means of exploring different sides of human character. This paper examines how Flannery O'Connor and Zora Neale Hurston demonstrate the different types of people we encounter every day.
From the Paper "Both writers articulate the southern culture, especially through diction, which adds texture and depth to each story. For instance, in ?The Gilded Six-bits,? we can see this when Joe Tells Missie May, "Good Lawd, Missie! You womens sho is hard to sense into things" (Lauter, et al. 1547). O?Connor also uses words like "yessuh" and "naw suh" to us understand the southern accent. In addition, we can see the southern influence in "Good Country People" when Manley tells Mrs. Hopewell he is "from out in the country around Willohobie, not even from a place, just from near a place" (O"Conner). O"Connor and Hurston add depth to their characters by allowing us to see how words are spoken with a southern accent. "
Abstract The paper refers specifically to the Petan region of Guatemala and generally to the necessity of instituting economic development programs world wide, due to the inter relationship and dependency of countries on each other. This applies amongst other programs particularly to social, economic and political reform.
Outline:
Introduction
Access and control
Accumulation
Marginalization and dispossession
Conclusion
From the Paper "Historically sparsely populated and with industries limited to slash and burn agriculture, the current interest in the region is challenging how the area can be effectively and responsibly used to jumpstart economic development in the region. The development however has also created social, political and economic conflict. The issues have ranged from delegitimation of land tenure, economic exploitation and the increase in incidence of crime including delinquency and drug trafficking. More importantly, efforts to control deforestation and land use have been severely criticized; leading to concerns not only for the ecological health of the Peten region but also is social and cultural value to Guatemalans.
In an assessment by Bernal and associates, there is an impression that developing industries are exploiting natural resources by companies who have advantages in terms of technology and capital. Though the movement has made efforts equalize access to land and resources but the industrial and social capacity of local interest groups are often considered insufficient to effectively utilize property or resources (Smith 211-214). Consequently, there is limited confidence in programs and social support or participation which in turn has impaired the effectivity of efforts to create social concern and significance for ecological issues "
Abstract This paper explains that more legislation is needed to specifically address areas of information security. New Zealand's most recent legislation on computer crime, the Crimes Amendment Act of 2003, lends legal coverage for the genre of typical computer crimes, but does not address how to apply these laws in the real world. The author points out that Belgium has a specific law addressing computer forgery, computer fraud, hacking, and sabotage, making them criminal offenses; unauthorized access of a computer system carries a sentence of imprisonment of three months to one year, and if this crime is committed with the intention to defraud, the term of imprisonment may be from six months to two years. The paper relates that People's Republic of China's law, which criminalizes unauthorized surveillance of information systems, imposes a fine in the amount of one to three times as much as the amount of the illegal income, and the confiscation of illegal income from these sales.
From the Paper "In particular, New Zealand companies have faced severe information security threats and resulting legal challenges, which the New Zealand government has addressed through legislation. Even as recent as 1997, New Zealand has faced difficulties with prosecuting information technology crimes as a result of a lack of Parliament Acts that provide laws relating to information technology crimes. Before the introduction of Acts between 2003 and 2004, prosecutions were attempted using laws that were designed before computers were commonplace and did not adequately address the advancements in information technology."
Abstract The writer of this paper investigates the change in America's policy of international peace-keeper to that of a self-serving regime which influences the policies of countries, specifically after the September 11 attack. He further explores how the rest of the world sees America's change of policy and the affect it has on world politics.
From the Paper "There is also a growing dislike for the "American policies" among a number of counties; the French Foreign Minister Hubert Vedrine called the United States a "hyperpower," the Dutch Prime Minister declared that the European Union should make itself "a counterweight to the United States." Russian and China have always opposed the U.S.' "hegemony" and are hoping to establish "a multipolar world." America should endeavor to create a more respectful and mutually acceptable relationship with the other great powers. Philosopher and political analyst Walter Lippmann wrote in 1965, "A mature great power will make measured and limited use of its power." Professor David Calleo, says that American leadership is "sometimes like a kind of world government but run by us, and without much reference to what people think" (Woollacott, 2001.)"
Abstract This paper explains that, while the techniques involved in segmenting foreign marketplaces do not differ dramatically from their domestic counterparts, there are certain cultural, religious, ethnic, age and gender-related issues, which may confound even the most carefully crafted marketing campaign. The author points out that consumer-based studies attempt to determine specific characteristics of consumers in foreign or domestic markets, which differentiate them from other consumers; such target marketing initiatives usually focus on traditional demographic (age, income, education) and psychographic (attitudes, values) segmentation variables. The paper identifies several criteria, which companies can use to evaluate the efficacy of expanding their operations into any given foreign marketplace: (1) Product transportable and cost, (2) transferability of competitive advantage, (3) inter-firm transferability of resources and (4) need to adapt to local market conditions. Includes the proposal for the project. Table and graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Target Marketing for Global Penetration
Conducting Strategic Market Research
Ethical and Cultural Considerations in Target Marketing
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "The first two steps concern consumer research or the identification of exactly who shops and buys in the store, where they live, what and when they buy, how frequently they shop, how much they spend, and how they use the product purchased. The third step is concerned with product or actual in-store opinion tabulations using focus groups or informal meetings with customer, and the penultimate step is concerned with market analysis. White notes that the final step involves a comprehensive assessment of the competitive situation within the marketplace for the industry involved. This can be accomplished using any of the standard market analysis techniques such as a SWOT, a Porter's five forces model or a PESTLE."
Tags: fragmentation, segmentation, research, efficacy, women
This in-depth paper analyzes the significance in assessing and rating a particular country's assets and liabilities as well as its overall impact on the global economy.
Abstract The writer of the well-researched paper examines the history of sovereign ratings which have been around since approximately 1979. This paper details the importance of sovereign ratings, which basically assess the financial worth of an individual country. This paper analyzes the methods in which countries are rated, which include calculating the financial history, current assets and liabilities of a particular country. Sovereign ratings are significant when calculating whether or not a particular country can repay its debt, or whether the country in question will choose to default on its debt, to the lending country. This paper delves into the relevance of these ratings, when dealing with international trade and currency. This paper explores the various risks involved in lending money to sovereign nations. This paper examines the methodologies that are generally used by rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's and Moody's. The writer discusses the various shortcomings that are associated with sovereign ratings, while discussing why certain countries, such as Korea and Malaysia do not have good ratings. This paper also supplies two tables relevant to this particular topic, including a sovereign credit rating, listed by country.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Introduction
History of Sovereign Ratings
Methodologies Used by Rating Agencies
Shortcomings
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper "While sovereign ratings are seen to be very important, more recent history is still suggestive of the fact that lending to sovereigns remains very risky. A survey taken by Standard & Poor's that dealt with 72 governments and looked at the debt based on outstanding foreign and domestic currency indicated that 30 of these had defaulted at least one time on either foreign or domestic currency debt since 1970. None of these sovereigns had any type of sovereign rating by a rating agency that was recognized internationally before they defaulted but nine of them have been rated subsequently by Standard & Poor's and Moody's. The frequency of default for many of these countries has been relatively high and this has been something that has caused a lot of stress and concerns for individuals in those sovereign countries that are simply trying to conduct good business today without being held back by the past."
Abstract The writer of this paper discusses the basic tools needed for the economic development of poor and underprivileged countries which include: Capital accumulation, industrialization, foreign aid and development planning. This paper focuses on the years after WWII and up to the 1960s and the economic problems facing poor and under-developed countries. After WWII these countries could not rely on international trade. The less developed countries needed substantial capital and resources to start the industrialization process which would result in more jobs and an increase in productivity which in turn would increase the income of the working class citizen. The writer of this paper discusses the methods and strategies that were utilized to increase productivity in various Latin-American countries. This paper also touches on the World Bank's involvement in assisting these same countries while committing to end poverty and social injustice.
Outline:
Theories of Growth and Modernization
Structuralist Theories
Critique of the Growth and Modernization Models
A Shift to Basic Needs Approach
Bibliography
From the Paper "The Latin American experience with import substitution together with the fact that a large segment of the population did not get sizable benefits from the growth in the modern industrial sector and the limitation imposed by the domestic market led structuralists to adjust their approach beginning in the 1980's. Among the adjustments were: emphasis on developing the entrepreneurial class to lead in the export thrust without abandoning their basic proposition that development must come from within; redefine the role of the state by deemphasizing control-centered interventions in favor of a more facilitating kind."
Tags: business, import, export, financial, aid, world, bank, growth, industrialization, capital, theory
