Abstract
The paper is an examination of the Maori culture as described in the book "Counterpoint in Maori Culture" by Hanson and Hanson. The writer declares that he chose this book because it was, in his opinion, the comprehensive examination of the Maori culture available which left little of classic Maori culture uncovered. The author of the paper discusses and examines aspects of Maori culture as they are presented in the book and then attempts to explain and evaluate the purpose of the book's authors and methods used by them in their research.

From the Paper
"The research for Counterpoint in Maori Culture was conducted from 1976 to 1977 in New Zealand by the authors. It was an interesting and eventful time in United States history; supposedly the "summer of fun" even though there were serious and grievous incidences going on all over the world. Pro-Palestinian terrorists hijacked a Paris-bound Air France A-300 Airbus over Greece June 27. But it wasn't all bad, Andy Warhol was in full stride as he put out skull and portrait of Andy, two iconic artworks. Jimmy Carter beat Ford in the US Presidential race and pardoned all Vietnam War draft dodgers in his first day of office. I'm unclear as to how these and many other events affected the authors. I don't get the impression that they had any effect whatsoever, especially since the book doesn't incorporate either of the two authors personalities into the work."

Tags:culture, new zealand, anthropology polynesians samoan tahitian cook ethnography

Abstract
This paper will discuss the nature of tobacco and sugar in the Cuban economy, and will show how they differ in the greater scope of the Cuban economy. By showing the statistics of how the sale of each of these items plays a part in the survival of Cuba, we can begin to see the ideas of how they interact within the value of their production value. By using the book "Cuban Counterpoint Tobacco and Sugar" by Fernando Ortiz, we can see how these values are created within the Cuban economic structure.

Abstract
Popular music, as demonstrated in the movie "Boogie Nights", can be utilised to generate added meaning for the narrative. Time and place contexts are established and asserted, and connotations brought forth by lyrics inform the narrative, working with the onscreen action to generate new meanings and character motivations. This paper discusses how "Boogie Nights" has a tight synthesis with its music and the way it is arranged and the particular pieces which are chosen, reflect the central themes of change and accepting who you are and what you have to offer, as well as performing a metaphoric or comical purpose. It shows how this effectively demonstrates how popular music, in the (near) absence of a classical score can interact with the film text in a meaningful way.

From the Paper
"The popular song score operates in a different way from the classical film score, with seemingly more specific purposes based on its lyrical content. Popular Music utilises cultural contexts and linguistic content to create meaning. Coupled with an image the popular song's lyrics can be used as pun, ironic counterpoint or provide commentary or insight into character thought and motivation. The music of Boogie Nights works to fulfil the above functions, denoting, as only popular music could, the trends and transitions of music and fashion over several years, as well as articulating the thematic concerns of the film and acting as guide through the unfamiliar world."

Tags:counterpoint, ironic, popular

From the Paper
"Nick Carraway, the narrator of The Great Gatsby commences the novel by reporting some advice his father had given him: "Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had" (5). Nick, a child of privilege, is able to maintain a rather jaundiced view of the wealthy and the beautiful women around him. Jay Gatsby, on the other hand, has struggled to become rich and he has never been able to overcome his childhood illusions that the rich and the beautiful are worthy of his respect. Gatsby wants to join wealthy society; Nick, already of member of it, is "inclined to reserve all judgments" (5). Nick, therefore, is a perfect counterpoint to Gatsby since he has no illusions about the wealthy and the beautiful. Nick also tells us that he highly values "conduct" (6) and he proceeds, throughout the novel to reveal the poor "conduct" of the wealthy."

Tags:big, egg, fitzgerald, little, scott

Abstract
This paper explains that on the same program as the Brahms "Symphony No.1" were two other works by Spanish composers, Issac Albeniz and Joaquin Turina, which presented a deliberate counterpoint between Spanish and German music that reflects the guest conductor's dual heritage. The author points out that Johannes Brahms' (1833-1897) "Symphony No.1" reflects to an extraordinary degree the composer's personal relationship with the legacy of earlier giants such as Beethoven and Schubert. The paper relates that the "Symphony No.1" is comprised of four movements, which reflects Brahms' allegiance to classical forms; however, the intense unity of the overall work seems to be more of an expression of Brahms' personal technique. The author underscores that scholars argue that the dynamic optimism that is so characteristic of Beethoven's symphonies is revisited by Brahms in a far more melancholic, late nineteenth century manner

From the Paper
"The significance of the Spanish works to the Brahms' symphony, which was highlighted in the course of the intermission, was an interview-like session conducted in the lobby with two members of the TSO who talked about the program and about Frunbeck de Burgos' conducting of the works. These two TSO members - a violinist and a flautist (I believe) - noted that the Spanish pieces were carefully chosen as a counterpoint to the Brahms. Frunbeck de Burgos' work with the TSO in rehearsal, they noted, was very different with both of these pieces; one noting jokingly that de Burgos stood straighter and was more serious with Brahms than with the passionate Spanish works."

Tags:counterpoint, spanish, beethoven, technique, melancholic

Abstract
This paper is be a point/counterpoint argument against the view that abortion is wrong and dangerous for women to undergo. The paper's position is that abortion is a medically sound and reasonable procedure and one that should be available to women as an option. The paper addresses the following two arguments: that abortion is a risk for women in that it can cause or lead to breast cancer, and that abortion pills such as RU-486 and the morning-after pill are wrong and/or dangerous.

From the Paper
"Abortion: Point/Counterpoint Even before the landmark Roe vs. Wade decision by the United States Supreme Court in the 1970s, the issue of abortion had been a divisive one within this nation's borders. With some individuals and groups claiming that abortion is immoral and akin to murder and others fighting for a woman's right to choose what is done or not done with her body, there has probably not been a more contentious and polarizing debate in America. To this day, as the government's current administration looks to make the court system and the Supreme Court one of conservative values, and as many disagree with these values, abortion is one of the defining issues within American politics and thought. This writer believes that abortion is an issue that is best left to the decision of the individual, of the woman who might possibly undergo such a procedure. "

Tags:abortion, point, counterpoint

Abstract
This paper examines how the military force that the Athenians fielded in the Sicilian Campaign was unprecedented in the Peloponnesian War. It attempts to determine why it was it utterly defeated. It looks at how a series of failures of command from the political and military leadership exacerbated the likely failure of the campaign. It also explores how the end result was a greatly weakened Athens, how there were numerous defections from the Delian League, and how the myth of Athenian invincibility on the seas was shattered.

Outline
Introduction
Discussion
Hubris Within Athens
Hubris Within the Expedition
The Athenian Failures of Command
Counterpoint
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The war-time footing on which the Athenians found themselves was difficult for them to maintain. The destruction of their lands and homes outside of the walls of Athens, the plague, and gradual breakdown of the structure of Athenian society led a shift away from Pericles' strategy for victory and away from the unity of purpose and common good within Athens and towards private ambition and gain. By the Melian dialogue, a year or so before the Sicilian Campaign, the Athenians had given up Pericles' conservative approach and limited war aim, the defeat of Sparta, when an Athenian acknowledged that of gods and men, "by a necessary law of their nature they rule wherever they can." Though not universal, by 415 B.C., the dominant theme among Athenians was the overbearing belief in their abilities and the growth of the empire."

Tags:hubris, pelopennisian, sicilian, sicily, sparta, thucydides, war

Abstract
This paper reviews Hartmann's rmedieval poem "Erec" and concentrates on the ways in which the praise of women does not preclude misogyny. It argues that certain modes of praise could be construed as misogynistic by framing woman as passive exchange objects or complements to male heroism. It also analyzes references to femininity as a negative counterpoint to masculinity in relation to a sense of anxiety in medieval texts about defining ideal masculinity. Further to this, it includes a short structural analysis of Arthurian romance with a view to associating agency and interest with masculinity in contrast to the passive, complementary status of the woman in the romance.

From the Paper
"As the first female character to be described in any detail in Erec, Enite certainly seems to attract attention to herself. As in Chretien's version, many verses are devoted to description of her beauty, and Hartmann provides a few new images for this description, describing her white skin showing through her tattered robe as like the lily growing under thorns. We are also told that her wisdom surpasses her great beauty and from what we see of her, it is clear that she is a very efficient and obedient daughter to her father. Interest in a woman does not, however, preclude misogyny, and in a sense, nor does praise - it depends on the context in which the praise is set, and how it positions the woman in relation to men. Enite, though flawless in the terms in which she is described, is given little agency or individuality of her own: her existence and perfection are defined by men."

Tags:chretien, enide, ender, medieval, arthur

Abstract
This paper explores the possibility of a progressive increase in the degree of evil in Shakespeare's plays, "Othello" and "King Lear". The paper also discusses the counterpoint to evil, regeneration, and how it appears in Shakespeare's plays.

From the Paper
"Evil is encountered in the plays firstly though the actions of individuals. It is very difficult to categorize and separate the various themes or motifs in Shakespearean criticism. The study of evil for example, must also take into account another important theme the nature of man and the nature vs. nurture debate. This applies to the theme of regeneration, which is closely linked to the theme of appearance and reality - one of the most pervasive issues in the later plays. On the level of individual actions affecting others, regeneration is the result of a realization and an unveiling of illusion. Truth breaks through the miasma of illusion that often creates the tragic situation in the plays."

Tags:iago, misleading, undermining, manipulating, desdemona, jealosy, england, york, lancaster, throne, kingdom

Abstract
The Roman politician and philosopher Cicero, in his writings on friendship, conceived of it as being a high-order relationship; a relationship that was so intense and personal that it seems, in his view, to be more important than any other human bond. However, Cicero was a philosopher and, as such, was honour bound to give consideration to opposing arguments. One view of friendship in particular - what may be termed the cynical or realistic thesis - caused him great difficulty in his discussion. From this perspective, friendship is nothing more than a mode of exchange or an association between two parties for mutual profit or benefit. In this paper we will examine the reasons behind Cicero's difficulty in dismissing this counter-definition of friendship. As a counterpoint to Cicero's view of friendship, we will analyze the depiction of love in the love poetry of John Donne.

Tags:friendship