Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that prostitutes who worked on the streets have historically been controlled and regulated by law. The writer discusses that prior to World War I, under English or American law, however, even though prostitution did not constitute a legal offense in either English or American common law, prostitution was routinely regulated as vagrancy. The writer points out that some people who do not understand how prostitution works may consider prostitution to be a "victim-less crime" and note a minute percentage who may prostitute themselves by choice. The writer concludes that for most, however, their involvement is tragic.

Paper includes approximately 20 additional pages of researched information.

Table of Contents:
The World's Oldest Profession
A Victim-less crime?
Sex for Sale around the World
Myths, Misconceptions and Fallacies
Countering Myths and Fallacies with Facts
Costs of Prostitution
Mutual Indifference between Partners
A Multibillion Dollar Industry
Bibliography

From the Paper
"In China, prostitution has survived more than 2,000 years in Chinese society, despite social and economic systems' changes, laws, and societal stances about marriage, women and sex. Official sanctions regarding prostitution, as well as, the definition of prostitution have changed, reflecting different dynasty's contexts. During the 1950s, the Communist government exterminated the "sex-for-sale" business in China by implementing strong sanctions against prostitution rings' kingpins and pimps. At the same time, vigorous efforts were made to rehabilitate former prostitutes and vices such as prostitution were not visible in China from the 1950s to the 1970s. During the 1980s, however, prostitution surfaced again."

Tags:pimp, streetwalkers, sex, vices

Abstract
This paper investigates the misconception held by many Americans that violent crime in the country is steadily increasing and that prisoners are treated like guests in trendy hotels. The paper shows that this cannot be further from the truth and goes on to provide proof of the declining crime rate in the country. The paper also investigates the role of the media in creating myths and misconceptions.

From the Paper
"Another part of the myth centers on separating "criminals" from "law abiding citizens." The two are seen as having a great gulf between them. However, the difference between the two is not so clear cut. Studies have shown that more than 90% of "law-abiding citizens" have done something for which they could have gone to jail (Silver, 1968; Wallerstein & Wyle, 1947 cited in Bohm, 1986). There are probably a few people who have never done anything wrong, but in general, criminality is relative. It would be hard to find a single person who was either all good or all bad. It would not make sense to label a person criminal, for example, who cheats on his income tax, switches license plates from one car to another, gets into a fight, shoplifts, or exceeds the speed limit."

Tags:imprisonment, human, rights, psychopathology, privatization

Abstract
This paper explains that, in the political docudrama "JFK", Oliver Stone asserts that Lee Harvey Oswald did not act alone, that the F.B.I. had a vested interest in hiding important information from the public and that the C.I.A. had an active role in the assassination in hopes of fueling the military industrial complex of the United States. The paper further explains that, in the film, Stone attempts to make viewers conscience of the possible tampering of evidence and lack of investigation into the murder of the president. The author stresses that Oliver Stone does not want his viewers to accept all of the events portrayed in the film. Rather, Stone directed this film to act as a "counter-myth" in reaction to the "myth" he believes the Warren Commission Report fed the public. The paper stresses that Stone's accusation that the Archives somehow lost the brain, which it did not, affects the viewer's understanding of what actually happened.

From the Paper
"Perhaps the most shocking claim that Oliver Stone makes in his film in relation to the autopsy is that John F. Kennedy's brain has been lost by the National Archives. This particular claim arose in 1972 when pathologist Cyril Wecht was allowed to examine the Kennedy autopsy records at the National Archives. Wecht tried to open the footlocker where the stainless steel container and microscopic tissue slides were held, only to notice that they were gone. Wecht then blames the Archives for losing an important piece of physical evidence due to negligence and carelessness."

Tags:controversy, brain, counter-myth, warren, facts

Abstract
This paper looks at the process of gentrification and counter-gentrification in a particular Toronto neighborhood, known as Kensington Market. It argues that counter gentrification is currently a very powerful force in Kensington Market. It suggests that Kensington Market is too popular of an area to remain unaffected by gentrification and that it is also quite possible that counter-gentrification may unintentionally create the perfect conditions for gentrification to take hold.

Table of Contents:
Kensington Market
Car Free Sundays and the Anti-Corporate Movement
Are Counter Gentrification Forces Being Successful
Counter Gentrification Becoming a Force of Gentrification
Conclusions
Appendix

From the Paper
"The resistance to this store was led by a performance artist going by the name Reverend Billy and his church of Church of Stop Shopping. In essence this group preformed a very large performance piece in front of the Freshmart. This brought a great deal of negative publicity to the Freshmart (Shiff 2004: 1). The goals of these activities were to make life difficult for corporate businesses so they might close down. It also serves as a disincentive to corporate businesses so that they are less likely to set up operations in Kensington Market."

Tags:demographics, public, shopping

Abstract
This paper discusses the effect of patriarchy on the female body based on Foucault's theories stating that the emergence of a new "counter" discipline against the body corresponds with the emergence of society's increased political liberty. The author points out that, although women have historically existed within a state of permanent visibility, the new age of bodily discipline introduces a more oppressive set of patriarchal values, which, upon internalization, intensified the effects of permanent visibility on women. The paper states that shame and self-hatred prevent a woman from finding self-confidence and becoming more than the ideal, and thus she is forever subjected to patriarchal definitions and masculine domination.

From the Paper
"If the images of women presented through the mass media are indicative of ideology, then the current patriarchal ideal of
feminine beauty is quite specific. To be beautiful, a woman's body must be thin. Models today weigh on average twenty-five percent less than the weight of the "average" woman. The ideal feminine body is also usually white. Women are more often than not taut, with "no wobbly bits", but cannot possess noticeable muscle bulk as this would counteract the feminine beauty ideal of vulnerability and weakness."

Tags:anorexia, foucault, panopticon, myth, sacrifice

Abstract
This paper looks at Margaret Atwood's text, "Penelopiad," and discusses how the Canadian author uses her revision of the ancient tale of Odysseus and Penelope to offer a feminist counter-narrative to Homer's legendary myth. In particular, the paper discusses the double-standards, hypocrisies, and hierarchies which relegated the maids to second-class status (and also to death) and forced Penelope to wait almost interminably for a faithless husband. Finally, in addition to looking at the sexual violence that Atwood feels pervades the original narrative, the paper discusses the author's emphasis upon how women in the antique world of Homer were treated as reproductive vessels and as little more than that. In the end, the new myth is an inversion of sorts of the old one, with the female voice becoming paramount.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at Margaret Atwood's text, Penelopiad, and discuss how the Canadian author uses her revision of the ancient tale of Odysseus and Penelope to offer a feminist counter-narrative to Homer's legendary myth. In particular, the next several pages will discuss the double-standards, hypocrisies, and hierarchies which relegated the maids to second-class status (and also to death) and forced Penelope to wait almost interminably for a faithless husband. Finally, in addition to looking at the sexual violence that Atwood feels pervades the original ..."

Tags:Odysseus, Homer, Penelope

Abstract
This paper looks at Margaret Atwood's text "Penelopiad" and discusses how the Canadian author uses her revision of the ancient tale of Odysseus and Penelope to offer a feminist counter-narrative to Homer's legendary myth. In particular, it discusses the double-standards, hypocrisies, and hierarchies which relegated the maids to second-class status (and also to death) and forced Penelope to wait almost interminably for a faithless husband. Finally, in addition to looking at the sexual violence that Atwood feels pervades the original narrative, the paper discusses the author's emphasis upon how women in the antique world of Homer were treated as reproductive vessels and little more.

From the Paper
"Another element of the new narrative, a narrative told exclusively from the perspective of women, is the manner in which sexual violence is addressed in Atwood's tale. It is not entirely clear if the suitors raped the maids and if these unlucky women are being killed simply because they are the victims of the wrong men. However, there is a point in the story when the Chorus exclaims, "If our owners or the sons of our owners or a visiting nobleman or the sons of a visiting nobleman wanted to sleep with us, we could not refuse. It did us no good to weep, it did us no good to say we were in pain" (Atwood, 13-14). When the "sins" of the maids are examined against this backdrop, it may be said that the new myth concocted by Atwood attacks the sexual violence that, for a whole host of reasons, Homer never finds the time to denounce (or even much care about) in his original work from roughly 2500 years ago. "

Tags:Odysseus, Penelope, homer

Abstract
This paper explains that Hispanic women are more likely to be injured during intimate partner violence incidents than non-Hispanic women; therefore, domestic violence (DV) among Latinos is considered an especially serious problem among the growing Latino population. Next, the author reveals that, although a high percentage of female victims of DV do go to emergency rooms, within the Latino population, psycho-cultural concerns are leading to underreporting of such incidents, which complicates the development of actions to counter DV. The paper urges the development and implementation of an evidence based practice protocol (EBPP) as a tool to be used in primary care medical practices within this population to screen for potential DV cases. Several figures, tables and extensive appendixes are included in the paper.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Intimate Partner Violence
Clinical Practice Problem
Assessing DV Concerns
Study Aim and Objectives
Related Literature
Increasing Concerns
Myths and Facts Regarding DV
Studies Reveal
Inadequate Reporting
Need to Educate DV Victims
Domestic Violence and Hispanic Women
Domestic Abuse Screening Tests
EBP Process for EBPP
Analysis and Conclusion
Evidence Based Support

From the Paper
"The prevalence of domestic violence among Hispanic women in the United States reportedly increases each year, simultaneously posing a high threat for the development of mental illness among this population. According to Rodriguez, Heilemann, Fielder, Ang, Nevarez, and Mangione (2008), Hispanic women who experience physical violence are at increased risk for mental and physical problems including depression, anxiety and substance abuse. To increase reports of domestic violence, it proves crucial on understand the cultural beliefs and practices of Hispanic women. This knowledge and awareness consequently will facilitate healthcare providers to specifically assess Hispanic women who present with signs and symptoms of physical abuse.
"Many Hispanic women believe their role in the family and community is inferior in comparison to males. Some of these women are brought up in homes with male role models who controlled and manipulated other family members. A number of these women also suffered sexual abuse when a child. It is common for Hispanic women to perceive violence as acceptable since many grew up in abusive homes. Young females who become involved in abusive relationships during early adulthood often come from a family with history of intimate partner violence (Pailler, Kassam-Adams, Datner, & Fein, 2007). For Latino women, the family is of utmost importance. Therefore, women frequently neglect their own health needs. Maternidad Latina (2008) observes that pressure to "keep the family together" may come from family or church members, even if it means suffering more abuse. Religious and societal beliefs may contribute to woman feeling guilty if/when she leaves her abusive partner or acts against his will. Hispanic women, particularly immigrants, may not be familiar with U.S. laws that protect women and children against violence, and not realize these laws may differ considerably from those in other countries. The Hispanic woman may also fear involving the law because of her immigration status. Other factors which may restrain Hispanic women from seeking help include the language barrier and lack of financial means."

Tags:intimidation, warning signs, intervention, mental health disorders, trauma history

Abstract
This paper examines how interracial marriage is one of the most misunderstood social institutions and how it is the sheer burden of prejudice and myths attached to it that has weakened its foundations. It discusses how the reason interracial marriages are more likely to fail than same-race relationships is because of social biases and staunch resistance that the latter has to counter. It also shows how, while the ingredients of love and understanding are as important for success in such unions as in any other relationship, it is ultimately the society that holds the most vital key.

From the Paper
"Every relationship regardless of the racial origin of the couple is rather shaky in the beginning because of high degree of expectations attached and millions of eyes monitoring every movement and development. Under such pressure, even an ordinary relationship goes through its fair share of hiccups so it is only natural that an unconventional relationship collapses more easily. In the case of the former, however parents, friends and the whole society is willing to cooperate and thus provide a nurturing environment to make the marriage successful. However in the case of interracial relationships, society refrains from extending a helping hand because of "I told you so..." attitude."

Tags:prejudice, love, society, relationship, race

Abstract
A. D. Hope, for decades the grand old man of Australian poets, was
known as the best seventeenth century poet still writing, in part because his poetry is steeped in conventional English verse, and in part, because he appropriates the mythic and erotic themes of his predecessors. This paper shows that of Hope's erotic poetry, "Imperial Adam" ranks first, even though the last, disturbing line jolts the reader and the genre. The Old Testament says only that "Adam knew Eve," and poets as illustrious as John Milton have tried to dilate that laconic report into a comparative literary significance. Milton, a religionist and theological scholar, colored the first human sexual encounter so powerfully that he created a new orthodoxy about it. This paper shows how "Imperial Adam" counters the Miltonic version with unparalleled physicality; angels and theology disappear and Eve discloses shameless ringlets and pubic hair.

From the Paper
"One needs to keep in mind, as Hart insists, that interpreting poetic language presents pitfalls and perceptions not found in other genres. In "Imperial Adam," for example, Eve seems tumid not from innocence but from anticipation. Her mind has fallen. Hart suggests that she may be "insidious and deceitful" at the outset, capable of communing with snakes and worshiping fruit. If the poem falters, he argues, it is because Hope's satire of medieval theology and complementary literary works is overdone (79). The question of misogyny brings up two points. The first point is whether it derails an offended reader from the poem as a whole. The second point is whether the critical practice of apologizing for precursor writers is material to reading an autotelic poem. A. D. Hope and John Milton need no rehabilitation. Hope's overtly erotic poems, like "The Countess of Pembroke's Dream" and "Teaser Rams" bear a closer resemblance to John Donne's "Elegies" than to a few passages in Paradise Lost. Like W. B. Yeats, Hope wrote a number of his sexual poems at an age when most men have retired."

Tags:myth, satire, garden, eden