Abstract The paper analyzes the article "Person-Centered Counseling: The Culture" by Ann Shanks Glauser and Jerold Bozarth which explores the conditions that are necessary for successful counseling and focuses especially on the specialty of multicultural counseling. It discusses the argument that person-centered counselling is at the very heart of success in counseling and that the relationship between the client and counselor and the client's situational and personal resources are the essential variables that determine its success. It provides statistical evidence for the relative unimportance of counseling technique noting that only 15% of the success variance of the counseling relationship comes from technique whereas 30% of the success variance comes from the client-counsellor relationship and an impressive 40% comes from extratherapeutic variables or chance occurrences. It explores the variables of the client-therapist relationship and the extratherapeutic variables of the client and concludes that the article is well-researched and internally consistent.
From the Paper "The authors then go on to explore the variables of the client-therapist relationship and the extratherapeutic variables of the client. They note that "most theories consider the (client-therapist) relationship as critical". A successful relationship is defined by the counselor's empathy for the client, seen in his or her genuineness with the client, and the counselor's true respect and value for the client. Glauser and Bazarth note, ?Making judgments about people\'s humanity and its quality due to established criteria is to rely on tired but extremely powerful discourses steeped in oppression.?"
Abstract This paper explains why people seek such counseling, typical problems a counselor can encounter, and the root of nearly all substance abuse problems - the desire to escape, and what can be done to combat the patient's need to escape.
Abstract This paper discusses the value of multiculturalism training in counselling, and evaluates the role of racism in multicultural contexts. The counsellor's participation in multicultural awareness is crucial for effective anti-racist perspectives to be included in practice.
Abstract This paper is a critique of John White's 'Eros Defiled'. White's book, divided into the sections "Sin, Sex, and You", "Sexual Sins", and "The Church and Sexual Sin", offers extraordinary insights and guidance to Christians interested in navigating the hedonistic seas of contemporary society. Skilled as a counsellor and psychiatrist, White's advice speaks to the core oncerns of those disturbed by society's expectations and their relation to Christian responsibilities. While perhaps 'behind the times' in terms of its attitudes and willingness to discriminate between appropriate and inappropriate sexual behaviour, 'Eros Defiled' defines timeless truths about the role of sexuality in our lives.
Abstract This paper attempts to compare two effective models of counselling, rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT) and psychodynamic therapy. It looks at how they work, the role of the counsellor and various actions the models have on the client. It evaluates which of the two models is best suited the field of herbal medicine by considering their strengths and weaknesses.
From the Paper "The role of the counsellor within REBT counselling appears to be to help facilitate the reconstruction/rearrangement, by the client, of how they consider themselves, their view of the world and his/her individual experiences by employing various methods. Hill & Dryden (1993) briefly explain how the counsellor's role is one of guide and instigator of a regime of self-change and self-help sustained by the client's own energy with the counsellor maintaining an authoritative but not authoritarian, guidance role. In contrast, during Psychodynamic counselling, the counsellor helps the client achieve insight by interpreting the client's unconscious mental content. One of the main tools of psychodynamic counselling is "the Transference"; the use of this tool is also one of the main differences between psychodynamic counselling and other forms of counselling."
Abstract In this paper, the author considers the role of a nurse from a perspective based on a six week student placement in nursing practice. This involved; two weeks with the primary care and community nurses (otherwise known as District Nurses); a week with a health visitor; two weeks of two units of mental health, one in a mental health rehabilitation unit and another in community mental health and a week in an acute elderly rehabilitation ward in a hospital.
Outline
As an Assessor of Care: Conducting Assessments
As an Advocate: Representing the Interests of the Client
As a Primary Carer: Providing Frontline Care
As a Manager of Care: Coordinating all the Care Required
As a Counsellor: Providing Talking and Listening Therapies
As an Educator: Promoting Health Through Educating Clients
As a Researcher: Providing Evidence Based Practice
From the Paper "The role of the 21st century nurse in the United Kingdom is a highly varied, dynamic and multidimensional one. This is more important perhaps, due to the changes that have come about in the last two decades of the last century. There are demographic, epidemiological, political, economic and technological changes that have forcibly caused the NHS to undergo great organisational changes in the 1980s and 1990s. And now recently the government continues to outline further changes in the health care system which puts an emphasis on partnership and continuity of care between hospitals and the community. All this has seen nurses continuously readapt themselves in the role they play in the delivery of health care (Melia 2004)."
Abstract This paper provides a critical comparison of two common brief therapies--cognitive behaviour therapy and brief solution focused therapy. A thorough analysis of the current themes and practices used in these two treatments is made in order to provide the foundation for a comprehensive comparison of the two. Their similarities and differences are presented and it is concluded that both techniques are effective in managing a variety of problems.
From the Paper "Brief solution focused therapy (BSFT) was developed in the early 1980's by Steve de Shazer and colleagues, whose philosophy to focus on solutions rather than problems became the foundation of this therapy (de Shazer & Berg, 1997). The main goal of BSFT is to help clients access their own strengths and capacities and to help them develop and recognise these as a means to change (Durrant, 2000). A core assumption of BSFT is that there are always exceptions to problems, instances in which the problem will not occur. These exceptions are brought to the client's attention almost immediately in the first session by the counsellor (Stalker, Levene & Coady, 1999). Another important assumption of BSFT is that solutions don't have to have much in common with problems, with the same basic therapy producing changes in a wide variety of cases (Stalker et. al.)."
Abstract In counseling or coaching injured athletes, far more than their physical condition must be taken into account. Coaches and other counselors are charged, as well, with attending to the psychological, mental and even spiritual needs of the athlete. Because of this, there are ethical issues inherent in the coaching or counseling relationship. The paper explains that for such reasons, the American Counseling Association and the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology have both put into place codes of ethics that can be used to help prevent abusive counseling/coaching relationships with injured athletes. The paper assesses how coaches and counselors can best assist injured athletes and avoid conflict of interest or other unethical considerations, by looking at the requirements of each code.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Ethics and Standards
American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice
Ethical Principles and Standards of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "While one researcher noted that coaches were prone to act unethically in sending injured players back to the game too soon, it appears more likely that any ethical dilemmas facing athletes and coaches/counselors revolve around coaches failing to understand fully the injuries they might have to deal with regularly, and also failing to exercise the compassion the students in the Sherman study and other expressed a need for. The fact that coaches were seen, in one study, as distant makes it all the more important that we change our minds about what constitutes ethical dilemmas."
Abstract The paper explains why advocacy is so vital for the counselling profession and illustrates this by listing effects that will arise if there is a lack of it, for example, there will be a reduction in effectiveness in the practice of the counselor and problems in the personal life of the individual. The paper explains the Masters-Level Counselor Education Program and how it may incorporate advocacy training into its curriculum and extra-curricular activities. The writer concludes that the counseling profession needs a more structured curriculum focused towards the establishment of a framework that integrates all aspects of the profession into one uniform standard for all to base their practice on.
Contents:
Objective
The Need for Advocacy
Consequences of Insufficient Advocacy for the Counseling Profession
Masters-Level Counselor Education Program
Summary
From the Paper "The need for advocacy cannot be understated in relation to the provisions of such to the counseling profession. The stress that is inherent to this profession has many complicating factors when the factors and elements of the individual life and indeed the world at large are factored into the subject at hand. Stated in the work entitled: "Advocacy for Counseling and Counselors: A Professional Imperative" by Lee (1998) is that the definition of advocacy is defined as "the process or act of arguing or pleading for a cause or proposal (p.8). Within this context he recommended that counselors become agents of social change, intervening not just in the lives of their clients but in the world around them as well. It is a necessity that this type of advocacy be applied among professional counselors as a service to one another in combating the specific factors professional counselors may be subject to due to the nature of their work."
