Abstract
The paper asserts that the majority of people working in the counseling field are middle-class Caucasians who get their education at institutions that mostly offer training that focuses on middle-class Caucasian clients. The paper contends that if the goal or a counselor in training is to work predominantly with mainstream Caucasian clients then they are well prepared to do so (Alterkruse, Harris and Brandt, 2001). The paper then argues that the average counselor lacks the training to work with diverse populations.

From the Paper
Professional Positions for Counselors The majority of people working in the counseling field are middle-class Caucasians. These middle-class Caucasian counselors get their education at institutions that mostly offer training that focuses on middle-class Caucasian clients. If the goal or a counselor in training is to work predominantly with mainstream Caucasian clients then they are well prepared to do so (Alterkruse, Harris and Brandt, 2001). Unfortunately, the reality of counseling is that the clientele is diverse. The average counselor lacks the training to work with diverse populations. Clinical experiences are also mostly mainstream which means there is no..."

Tags:professional, counselling, careers

Abstract
In counseling or coaching injured athletes, far more than their physical condition must be taken into account. Coaches and other counselors are charged, as well, with attending to the psychological, mental and even spiritual needs of the athlete. Because of this, there are ethical issues inherent in the coaching or counseling relationship. The paper explains that for such reasons, the American Counseling Association and the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology have both put into place codes of ethics that can be used to help prevent abusive counseling/coaching relationships with injured athletes. The paper assesses how coaches and counselors can best assist injured athletes and avoid conflict of interest or other unethical considerations, by looking at the requirements of each code.

Paper Outline:
Introduction
Ethics and Standards
American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice
Ethical Principles and Standards of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"While one researcher noted that coaches were prone to act unethically in sending injured players back to the game too soon, it appears more likely that any ethical dilemmas facing athletes and coaches/counselors revolve around coaches failing to understand fully the injuries they might have to deal with regularly, and also failing to exercise the compassion the students in the Sherman study and other expressed a need for. The fact that coaches were seen, in one study, as distant makes it all the more important that we change our minds about what constitutes ethical dilemmas."

Tags:AAASP, psychology, welfare, injury

Abstract
This paper explains why people seek such counseling, typical problems a counselor can encounter, and the root of nearly all substance abuse problems - the desire to escape, and what can be done to combat the patient's need to escape.

Tags:substance, abuse, counseling

Abstract
The food and beverage area is quite enormous and encompasses everything from restaurants to beverage manufacturers (Mealey, para.1). In terms of things like hours, pay and "perks," things appear to vary widely depending upon the company and depending upon the specific sub-section of the industry within which one is employed. Be that as it may, those who are looking at regular hours (which is not something commonly associated with owning your own business) will find that factory work in the industry is the most predictable in this regard - though it, too, can be subject to seasonal peaks (Government of New Zealand, sec.3). In any case, pay will likely vary as well - especially depending upon which company one chooses to work for and whether or not one offers a specialized skill (such as being a chef) or simply seeking employment as a waiter; perks, for their part, will seemingly be contingent upon whether or not someone enters as an entry-level worker or secures a managerial position that furnishes such things as an expense account. Not to be passed over lightly, advancement within the food and beverage sector can be swift if one is prepared to take courses in management - and is prepared to secure the appropriate national certifications for various types of work (Caribbean Food Emporium, para.9). As a last point, the one organization of which any worker would want to be a part is Coca-Cola: it has longevity, a consistent history of business success, corporate opportunities all over the world, and sufficient stability to provide workers with steady wages and predictable benefits.

From the Paper
Hospitality Sector: Serving as an Industry Career Counsellor for the Ill-Focused - Looking at the Food and Beverage area, the Hotel and Resort area, and the Amusement/Entertainment Park area The food and beverage area is quite enormous and encompasses everything from restaurants to beverage manufacturers (Mealey, para.1). In terms of things like hours, pay and "perks," things appear to vary widely depending upon the company and depending upon the specific sub-section of the industry within which one is employed. Be that as it may, those who are looking at regular hours (which is not something commonly associated with owning your own business) will find that factory work in the industry is

Tags:tourism, industry, areas

Abstract
A paper on the issues facing by counsellors who deal with Native Americans.

Tags:native

Abstract
The paper examines the traits, norms and values of the Russian culture and finds that there is a Russian tendency to accept authority more easily, there is a sense of community and sharing and Russians tend to be less individualistic and more conservative in their approach to problem solving. The paper addresses how this knowledge can be used to construct effective intervention strategies, but emphasizes that the counsellor or therapist must be on guard that he or she does not presume cultural traits and become biased in assessment.

Outline:
Introduction
Overview of General Assumptions
Social Relationships and the Family
Attitudes Towards Activities and Problem Solving
Sex and Sexuality
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One has also to take into account that the fact that Russia has in the last few decades undergone radical change in the nature and shape of the society, and that this has obviously had a complex impact of the Russian youth and will to a greater or lesser degree shape the way they react to society and to reality. In this regard we can refer to the view that radial change also can engender as certain 'nervousness' about the future. As one pundit states, "Russia has gone through several changes in the last few years. Visitors to Moscow just a couple of years ago would be very surprised at how "Western" downtown has become" ( Goehner). This also means that there have been changes in cultural mores and norms; for example, changes in the characteristic closeness and intimacy of Russian culture. As a critic notes, "Recent observation is that many Russians have less time for walks and talks" " ( Goehner). This leads to the question as to whether the "...Russian character of closely connected relationships can be compromised in the process of "getting ahead?" ( Goehner).
"The above point is mentioned as it is important for the counsellor in developing any intervention strategy to be aware of the complexity of the cultural structure. Even weather and geography can play a role in determining cultural aspects. In Russia the harsh cold environment has set cultural limits and potentialities."

Tags:authority, sharing, conservatism, family

Abstract
This paper discusses the value of multiculturalism training in counselling, and evaluates the role of racism in multicultural contexts. The counsellor's participation in multicultural awareness is crucial for effective anti-racist perspectives to be included in practice.

Abstract
In this paper, the author considers the role of a nurse from a perspective based on a six week student placement in nursing practice. This involved; two weeks with the primary care and community nurses (otherwise known as District Nurses); a week with a health visitor; two weeks of two units of mental health, one in a mental health rehabilitation unit and another in community mental health and a week in an acute elderly rehabilitation ward in a hospital.

Outline
As an Assessor of Care: Conducting Assessments
As an Advocate: Representing the Interests of the Client
As a Primary Carer: Providing Frontline Care
As a Manager of Care: Coordinating all the Care Required
As a Counsellor: Providing Talking and Listening Therapies
As an Educator: Promoting Health Through Educating Clients
As a Researcher: Providing Evidence Based Practice

From the Paper
"The role of the 21st century nurse in the United Kingdom is a highly varied, dynamic and multidimensional one. This is more important perhaps, due to the changes that have come about in the last two decades of the last century. There are demographic, epidemiological, political, economic and technological changes that have forcibly caused the NHS to undergo great organisational changes in the 1980s and 1990s. And now recently the government continues to outline further changes in the health care system which puts an emphasis on partnership and continuity of care between hospitals and the community. All this has seen nurses continuously readapt themselves in the role they play in the delivery of health care (Melia 2004)."

Tags:district, hospital, nhs

Abstract
This paper is a critique of John White's 'Eros Defiled'. White's book, divided into the sections "Sin, Sex, and You", "Sexual Sins", and "The Church and Sexual Sin", offers extraordinary insights and guidance to Christians interested in navigating the hedonistic seas of contemporary society. Skilled as a counsellor and psychiatrist, White's advice speaks to the core oncerns of those disturbed by society's expectations and their relation to Christian responsibilities. While perhaps 'behind the times' in terms of its attitudes and willingness to discriminate between appropriate and inappropriate sexual behaviour, 'Eros Defiled' defines timeless truths about the role of sexuality in our lives.

Abstract
The paper explains why advocacy is so vital for the counselling profession and illustrates this by listing effects that will arise if there is a lack of it, for example, there will be a reduction in effectiveness in the practice of the counselor and problems in the personal life of the individual. The paper explains the Masters-Level Counselor Education Program and how it may incorporate advocacy training into its curriculum and extra-curricular activities. The writer concludes that the counseling profession needs a more structured curriculum focused towards the establishment of a framework that integrates all aspects of the profession into one uniform standard for all to base their practice on.

Contents:
Objective
The Need for Advocacy
Consequences of Insufficient Advocacy for the Counseling Profession
Masters-Level Counselor Education Program
Summary

From the Paper
"The need for advocacy cannot be understated in relation to the provisions of such to the counseling profession. The stress that is inherent to this profession has many complicating factors when the factors and elements of the individual life and indeed the world at large are factored into the subject at hand. Stated in the work entitled: "Advocacy for Counseling and Counselors: A Professional Imperative" by Lee (1998) is that the definition of advocacy is defined as "the process or act of arguing or pleading for a cause or proposal (p.8). Within this context he recommended that counselors become agents of social change, intervening not just in the lives of their clients but in the world around them as well. It is a necessity that this type of advocacy be applied among professional counselors as a service to one another in combating the specific factors professional counselors may be subject to due to the nature of their work."

Tags:framework, counsellors