Abstract
This paper examines pertussis, or whooping cough as it is commonly known, a highly contagious bacterial disease that affects the respiratory system and produces bursts of numerous, rapid, high-pitched coughing in patients of any age. It looks at how, although this whooping sound is not always present, the patient suffers severe coughing attacks, without inhaling, that end in a piercing, crowing sound when inhaling. It also explores how the prevalence of whooping cough and its resurgence in our contemporary world is a cause for concern in the medical profession and how much of the present research has centered on causes for its resurgence.

From the Paper
"Whooping cough is caused by a bacterial infection Bordetella Pertussis, which only lives in human throats. It invades the nose and throat, the breathing tube (trachea) and the lungs; it starts with symptoms similar to the common cold and progresses to spasms (paroxysms) of coughing after about 12 days. The incubation period is normally 7 days while the infection lasts about 6 weeks. Recovery begins about 4 weeks after the onset of symptoms; paroxysms of coughing may recur over the next few months, which is usually due to irritation caused due to an upper respiratory infection."

Tags:pertussis, respiratory, system, bacterial

Abstract
The paper reveals the symptoms and treatments for whooping cough. The paper relates that adults and adolescents generally recover from whooping cough without serious complications but infants, particularly those under the age of 2, can have severe complications. The paper discusses the pertussis vaccine, the most effective prevention against this illness. The paper quotes the World Heath Organization's belief that pertussis had been neglected as a disease and basic laboratory surveillance and control measures need to be strengthened globally.

From the Paper
"Whooping Cough, known medically as Pertussis, is a serious respiratory tract infection that attacks the lining of the breathing passages, especially the windpipe area (Whooping 2006). Caused by Bordetella Pertussis bacteria, whooping cough is extremely contagious and can be fatal, however widespread vaccination has made the disease rare in the United States (Whooping 2006). Whooping cough gets its name from the patient's labored inhalation that causes the individual to make a high-pitched whooping sound when breathing (Whooping 2006)."

Tags:vaccine, respiratory, tract, mucus, breaths

Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of the severe respiratory illness pertussis, otherwise called "whooping cough." The paper explains the incubation period of the illness, its signs and symptoms. It also examines vaccinations and other treatment of the illness.

From the Paper
"Because the early stage of pertussis may not look like a condition requiring early and aggressive medical treatment, and because of the significant mortality rate, especially in infants, prevention is the most important treatment for pertussis. The vaccine, first developed in the 1940's, (AMA, 2002) prevents most cases but is not always effective. If a person does catch pertussis, early treatment with antibiotics (often erythromycin) is crucial, as the disease is much harder to treat in the second stage (Todar, 2002; CHP; 2002)."

Tags:Bordetella, pertussim, bacteria, coughing, vaccine

Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at heroin. According to the paper, heroin, like all drugs, knows no social, ethnic or economic barriers. The paper goes on to discuss the history of the drug, as well as the abuse of the drug.

From the Paper
"In the November 1998 issue of The Journal of Psychology, Frank Patalano reported the results of a study conducted to study cross-cultural similarities in the personalities of heroin users in the United States and India. Findings indicated that Indian heroin users were more neurotic, impulsive, sociable and extraverted than their American counterparts, and that both male and female heroin users readily admitted personal difficulties (Patalano). Moreover, there were differences regarding the level of emotional distress, depression, and sensitivity (Patalano). According to the study, users showed less emotional stability and were more easily upset. They also had less ego strength, were more insecure, more frustrated, and had weakened superego strength (Patalano). These findings were similar to the results of earlier studies of hard core heroin addicts in the United States and later studies of male and female multiple-substance abusers, who used heroin as well as other illicit drugs (Patalano)."

Tags:snorting, powder, Methadone, addictive, addiction, muscle, bone, pain, insomnia, cold, flashes, goose, bumps, diarrhea, vomiting

From the Paper
"Statement of the Problem
When most people think of drug abuse, they think of illicit drugs and the people who manufacture them, smuggle them, sell them, and use them. Yet, one of the major types of drug abuse involves none of these people, and indeed the drugs that are abused are completely legal and very accessible. That is in fact the problem--they are accessible, and the abusers have no trouble getting the drug and may even abuse it because it is so easy to acquire. Americans have an abiding faith in medicine, particularly in the sort of medicine they can self-prescribe based on television commercials, word of mouth, or simply guesses as they gaze at the shelves in the drug store. There are non-prescription drugs for nearly every ailment, some based on sound medical principles and some not too far from the folk remedies of..."

Abstract
This paper explains that several diseases, which killed in the past, have been controlled through the use of vaccinations; however, this does not mean the diseases are gone because, without continuing the vaccination programs, these diseases could reappear. The author points out that many parents believe that the vaccinations can cause other complications or even cause the disease: This is untrue because the vaccination contains a non-active form of the virus or disease and cannot cause the body to contract the disease. The paper stresses that parents must protect their children from contracting deadly diseases, which are preventable through immunization.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Rationalize
Reasons
Disease Prevention
Better Health
Preventing Unnecessary Deaths
Diseases Controlled with Vaccinations
Polio
Measles
Meningitis
Whooping Cough
Rubella
Chicken Pox
Hepatitis B
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Mumps
Rationale for Controlling These Diseases
Myths Associated with Vaccinations
Vaccinations Cause Diseases
Diseases are Not Deadly so Vaccines are not Necessary
Diseases are Eliminated in the U.S. so Vaccines aren't Necessary
Truths about Vaccinations
Emerging Diseases
Toscana Virus
Avian Influenza
Coltiviruses from Ticks
Immunization
Tracking in the U.S.
Determining who is Immunized
Spread of Diseases Unknowingly
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Recently, there have been some new diseases that have emerged and scientists are trying to create vaccinations to control them. One new disease is called the Toscana virus. This virus was discovered in 1971 in Italy. Since then it has spread into Europe. It affects the central nervous system and has been the major cause of meningitis and encephalitis. Scientists are working on the pathogen to find out how it spreads these diseases and how to stop it. Another recently discovered virus is the avian influenza. It has been found in chickens and in humans in Thailand. - It has not been known to transfer from birds to humans but it is believed that it may mutate into a form that will. Currently many organizations are studying the avian influenza and are concerned about a new pandemic. "

Tags:myth, reappear, non-active, pathogen, preventable

Abstract
This paper discusses heroin, a powerful, highly addictive drug that is derived from opium, which was first synthesized from morphine in the 1890s and was initially considered to be an effective pain killer and cough suppressant. It looks at how its manufacture and sale is now illegal in most countries because of its widespread abuse and habit-forming qualities and focuses on the long-term and short-term, harmful effects on the human body.

Outline
Physical Effects
Psychological Effects
Sociological Effects
Symptoms of Acute Intoxication
Addiction

From the Paper
"In the longer term, the heroin user becomes totally dependent on the drug until his whole life revolves around the effort to get the next "fix." Other long term psychological effects of heroin include loss of enthusiasm and involvement in everyday affairs, withdrawal from hobbies and sports, reluctance to make new friends, irritability and overreaction to criticism, sudden changes in mood and compulsive lying. A heroin user goes to great lengths to deny that he is a drug abuser. Devious and manipulative behavior aimed at getting money for supporting the drug is also a typical long term effect of heroin. Distorted perception, hallucinations, and paranoia are the other long-term psychological effects of heroin."

Tags:opium, fix, addiction, acute, intoxication

Abstract
This paper examines the three major treatment options available to cancer patients: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It explores each option in detail and weighs the pros and cons of each one. The paper then discusses the seven most common warning signs to look out for, which could mean the beginning of a tumor. Signs include irregular bleeding, indigestion or a nagging cough.

From the Paper
"Like the previous types of therapeutic approaches, radiation has its downfalls. First, as with surgery, radiation is ineffective against metastatic disease far from the sight being treated. It is not practical to try to irradiate the entire body, as vital tissues would be extensively damaged. This results in the need for follow-up treatment with a chemotherapy agent. Probably the worst drawback to radiation, in my opinion, is that radiation exposure is a factor which can lead to the development of cancer. I relate this to putting out oil well fires. Place a high explosive at the base and blow it up. This actually works but it would seem that it could cause a fire as well."

Tags:Micrometastisis, methotrexate, immunotherapy

Abstract
The paper shows that the common cold is the commonest cause of visits to physicians with sales of over-the-counter cough and cold medications totaling more than $3 billion annually. The paper discusses causes, symptoms and the search for a cure for the common cold with a focus on zinc as a possible cure.

From the Paper
"The zinc must be absorbed into oral tissues where it can then diffuse into nasal tissues. Since colds actually begin in the nose and not the mouth, it would seem that a zinc nasal spray might work even better. Researchers thought so too and tried it. Zinc nasal sprays had a mild, temporary decongestant effect, but did not shorten the duration of the cold. Since nasal mucus is constantly being excreted, zinc diffusion into infected tissues against the flow of mucus is difficult if not impossible."

Tags:respiratory, system, antibiotic, influenza, echinacea, vaccine, rhinovirus

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed case of a child with asthmatic symptoms that are discovered to be exacerbated by Parainfluenza A, which contributed to the onset of his asthma. The author points out that the severity of asthma varies greatly from child to child, from a cough associated with exercise or at night to a catastrophic shortness of breath that leads to death. The paper points out that the inability of endogenous, circulating, catecholamines to induce reversal of bronchoconstriction may reflect one or more defects in the patient with asthma. Figure: Asthma Mechanisms

Table of Contents
CC
Pt. Introduction
Admission to System
Pt. Physical Assessment
Lab Data
Isolated for parainfluenza
Diagnostic Data
Medications-Previous
Medications Ordered
Singular
Flovent MDI
Albuterol MDI
Solumedrol
Ranitidine
Ceftriaxone
Treatment
Clinical Course
Pathophysiology of CC
Lab Data
Diagnostic Data
Medications
Summary

From the Paper
"The primary mechanical effects of asthma on the lung as a result of BMP are increased work of breathing to overcome airway obstruction and hyperinflation attributable to progressive air trapping results from a ball-valve effect in the airways and causes ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and right-to-left shunting of unoxygenated blood through the lungs. V/Q mismatch and the increased oxygen demand on the respiratory muscles as they work to overcome airway obstruction result in significant hypoxia early in the course of a wheezing episode. This hypoxia stimulates tachypnea, which partially compensates for the V/Q mismatch and is reflected by significant hypocarbia. If airway obstruction is not rapidly reversed, air trapping and V/Q mismatch can progress till decreased ventilation occurs, Pco2 rises, and ultimately respiratory failure ensues."

Tags:parainfluenza, trapping, medication, diagnosis, laboratory