Abstract
This is a critical study of the American cotton slavery system, and examines why a system so apparently inefficient and cruel was such an integral part of Southern society. It also examines the strengths of cotton slavery from an economic viewpoint, and suggests that perhaps it was not as unprofitable as previously believed.

From the Paper
"Despite being unpaid labor, slavery did not constitute a "free" workforce. The original cost of purchase was substantial, and the extra costs of housing, food, and clothing lasted throughout their lives, irrespective of illness or old age. However, by the nineteenth century cotton slavery had become an institution in the Southern states of the USA. Ownership of slaves gave the landowner status, and the more he possessed the higher his status became."

Tags:cotton, plantation, slave, slavery, south, usa, southern, usa, untied, states, america, workforce

Abstract
This paper compares of the ideas of Cotton Mather and the themes of Nathaniel Hawthorne's short story,"Young Goodman Brown."

From the Paper
" From the perspective of it is difficult to credit such an idea until one is reminded of the fundamentalist zeal of Nazis or religious fanatics who blather about great Satans and howl for death to this ..."

Tags:Cotton, Mather, Nathaniel, Hawthorne, Puritanism, Young Goodman Brown, Witchcraft, Devil, Worship

Abstract
The paper explains why U.S. cotton is the cotton of choice for leading brands. The paper also describes the United States cotton industry and examines why Japan is an important export market for US cotton.

Outline:
Cotton
US Cotton
The US Cotton Industry
Japan as a Key Market for US Cotton Exports

From the Paper
"Cotton is the single most important textile fiber in the world. It accounts for over 40 percent of total world fiber production. The United States, China and India provide over half of the world's cotton, although it is grown in more than 80 countries worldwide. In terms of cotton production, the United States ranks second to China, but it is the leading exporter of cotton in the world (Cotton Overview, 2006). Cotton is a strong fiber with a tenacity of 3-5 gram force per decitex, dependent on the moisture content and test conditions. Its strength usually increases as it absorbs water and it does not stretch easily (Cotton, 1996)."

Tags:textile, material, yarn, fabric

Abstract
This paper examines the history of the cotton textile industry, with a particular emphasis on the campaign for workers' rights in Dukinfield and Stalybridge in the Tame Valley, east of Manchester. The scope for customs and recreation is also described, to give a rounded picture of life in a cotton town.
Outline
Cotton Imports and Exports
Development of the Industry
The Early Cotton Industry in Dukinfield and Stalybridge
Growth of the Cotton Industry along the Tame Valley
Increasing Unrest
The Cotton Famine
The 20th Century
Customs and Recreation in Stalybridge
Bibliography

From the Paper
"The first instance of factory spinning had been in Richard Arkwright's water-powered mill at Cromford in 1771, and the transition to a factory-based cotton industry occurred during the last 30 years of the 18th Century. The invention of the spinning jenny enabled domestic cotton spinners to spin yarn much more quickly, but this caused problems with carding, which had to be done prior to spinning. The old method of carding involved the use of hand-held cards covered with tiny spikes to make a loose rope of fibres from cleaned cotton. The process remained slow until Arkwright introduced his carding machine in 1775. This machine was heavy but well suited to being turned by water power, so water-driven carding factories were built on small streams and rivers in the cotton districts. Steam power was used from the 1780s. "

Tags:chartism, clothing, dukinfield, india, luddite, manchester, mill, riot, spinning, strike

Abstract
This paper examines how the invention of the cotton gin at the end of the eighteenth century marked the beginning of American industry in many ways, as it adapted a new technology to agriculture and increased the ability of an industry to produce at a saving in cost and time. It looks at how Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 and how the principle he employed would then be used in thousands of cotton gins around the world, at one time preparing over 98 percent of the American crop for market.

From the Paper
"The invention also changed the nature of agriculture thereafter. Only a few farmers raised cotton at the time, and black-seed or long-staple cotton was the only viable cotton crop. While the seeds could be removed from this variety easily, the crop could not be raised profitably beyond the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia or more than fifty miles inside the interior of the coastal plain. In 1793, the farmers in South Carolina and Georgia only raised about three million pounds, and by 1811, southern farmers were producing 80 million pounds. Because of the invention of the cotton gin, cotton culture was able to expand to the West (Hurt 93)."

Tags:industrial, revolution, agriculture, technology

Abstract
Perhaps as much as any other technology in American history, the cotton gin shaped the nation's economic, social, and political development. The paper shows that, although many people associate the cotton gin with only the South, its importance to the nation's other regions is evident. It describes how Eli Whitney's creation brought about not only an explosion in Southern cotton production but also led to the expansion of racial slavery throughout the region.

From the Paper
"A major impact upon the economy was the country's sudden dependence upon cotton production. As a result of the cotton gin, many communities were forced, without prior notice, to depend on the price and abundance of a single crop (202). When the cotton industry was down, so was the economy of these communities. When the cotton industry was up, farmers rushed to turn a profit and often overproduced the crop. As a result, the economy would falter when the price of cotton would drop."

Tags:trade, industrial, revolution, agriculture, kingdom, cylinder, technology

Abstract
This paper focuses on the life and crimes of Mary Ann Cotton, a British female serial killer in the 1800s. The paper also talks about the violentization theory formulated in this century by Lonnie Athens to explain her behavior. The author has also included two other theories, humanistic psychological theory and social control theory, to explain Mary Ann Cotton's delinquency.

From the Paper
"Athens' time. Mary Ann Cotton was born into a small English village in 1832 and by the time Mary reached age thirty-three, she had already poisoned and killed ten people. Using Athens' theory of violentization, it is possible to understand what occurred in Mary's childhood to lead her to a life of violence. Additional theories, such as humanistic psychological theory and social control theory, could be utilized in order to explain Mary's violent actions. If Athens' theory of violentization or another theory on crime and delinquency had been available to Mary's peers or family during her childhood, the death of approximately twenty English citizens may have been prevented.
"In October 1832, a female serial killer was born in County Durham, England. Mary Ann Robson was born to two young adults who had recently married at age twenty. Throughout her childhood, Mary Ann faced multiple hardships. Mary Ann's father, Michael, was a poor miner who made hardly enough to keep his children and wife from starving. Also, her father was an avid Methodist and imposed harsh discipline on both Mary Ann and her brother, Robert. Mary Ann's father would often overstep his boundaries and discipline often bordered senseless abuse. Aggressive discipline coupled to malnutrition caused Mary Ann to frequently retreat from her family and friends."

Tags:suspicious, childhood, violent, discipline

Abstract
This essay discusses an important aspect of Maya Angelou's work, "Cotton Picking Time", which is its spiritual content and power. The paper states that Angelou is known for her religious and spiritual beliefs and how they reflect through her work. This paper analyzes how, "Cotton Picking Time", Angelou discusses one day in her life when she realizes both the bounties and harshness of Southern life as a black person.

From the Paper
"As mentioned earlier, language is used as a powerful tool by the author. According to Angelou, it was the language that helped her community survive. There may actually be more to the folk language than we realize at first. By communicating about their pain and hard times, the community could verbalize their situation that helped in survival. Angelou admits that: 'It may be enough, however, to have it said that we survive in exact relationship to the dedication of our poets (include preachers, musicians and blues singers)' (p. 180). Black authors have almost unanimously agreed that language has helped them in survival. By talking about the pain, they could at least let it out or in other words, writing and singing provided an outlet to their pain and frustrations."

Tags:theme, spirituality, power, content, harshness, african-american

Abstract
The creation of cotton gin was probably the most important catalyst of increased mechanization in America and the creation of an output-driven economy. It is thus possible to argue that the cotton gin in fact revolutionized America and forever changed the economic, political and social weave of the country. This paper will further elaborate this argument.

Abstract
This paper contains a critical book review of the title, along with a discussion of the personal value of the book. Emily Honig's book is the story of women who worked in the Shanghai cotton mills from 1919 through 1949, but the paper shows how the story is really about the women themselves, and how they survived the harsh working conditions by creating a sisterhood working together to help each other while surviving harsh and intolerable conditions.

From the Paper
"The author's thesis is stated clearly in the Introduction. She hopes to prove that the women of the Shanghai mills were extremely class conscious, and this class consciousness had to be transformed and eliminated before the women could rise up together and demand reform. She notes, "I began my study by focusing on issues that precede the role of women in the labor movement and in the Chinese revolution: the nature of work, social relations within the workplace, the formation of the working class, and the transformations women underwent as they became members of an urban industrial proletariat" (Honig 2). The author also states her beliefs early in the book, when she notes, "Modern industrial capitalism in twentieth-century China, as in England and the United States a century earlier, was built on the intersection of textile manufacture and female and child labor" (Honig 1). She goes on to elaborate on this assertion throughout the book, exploring the exploitation of women in the mills, and its connection to the Shanghai labor movement. "

Tags:labor, female, exploitation, china