Abstract
This paper explains that the price component of the marketing mix will vary according to the specific phase in the product's life cycle. The author points out that, in the release phase of the product life cycle, the company can generally use two strategies, depending on whether it decides on a high or a low release price. A high release price strategy is also known as a market skimming or a low cost strategy for a quick penetration of the market. The paper relates that the mature phase of the product is characterized by stabilized sales and growth rates, and the company will tend to enter a defensive or even analytical phase.

From the Paper
"The adolescent phase of the product is characterized by "strong (exponential) growth of the sales volume, concurrent with an increase in performance, features and product variants." The product is now situated in the stars corners from the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, with high sales and a high rate of growth. If this is the case, then the company can choose one of the offensive price strategies, so that it can exploit both the high sales and the potential growth. One of these strategies is the outpacing strategy, which assumes that the competitors can be dominated through both price and quality of the product."

Tags:price, strategy, skimming, sales, analytical

Abstract
This paper discusses the industry of "wind farming", the how's and why's, and its role/importance/popularity in this day and age of soaring fuel prices. Facts are offered on how wind farming can reduce the pressure on energy companies to deliver our daily energy needs. The operation of the wind turbine is also discussed, as are the criteria for establishing a wind farm, plus the estimated cost of doing so. In addition, several wind farming sites in the United States and Europe are mentioned, including Cape Wind in Massachusetts, Maple Ridge, New York, and offshore Denmark. Controversy, too, surrounding the erection and operation of the turbines is also covered.

Outline:
Overview--What Is a Wind Farm?
The Anatomy of a Wind Turbine
Conditions of Creation
Case Study: Cape Wind
Controversy over Establishment
Measuring Up As an Industry

From the Paper
"Wind turbines are gaining exposure rapidly in the United States and around the world. They produce electricity at zero cost to the earth's atmosphere. A wind farm, by definition, is a group of several wind turbines located within a relatively close distance which connect together and feed energy back to the power grid. When the wind blows, the omni-directional rotor assembly will spin, generating energy by converting the wind's kinetic energy into rotational mechanical energy. Each wind farm has a power substation where the electricity produced by each turbine is converted into higher voltage and connected (most commonly) to long-range, high-voltage power lines. "

Tags:turbines, renewable, resources

Abstract
This paper asserts that the term "globalization" has actually come to mean "Americanization". The paper explains that, while globalization was supposed to open up the world to companies and countries everywhere through the free movement of capital, labor and goods, plus the availability of technology, America has been the country to benefit most from the globalization process. The paper uses the example of American tobacco companies to illustrate how American companies have taken advantage of globalization to promote their businesses regardless of the cost to other countries. The paper concludes with the assertion that the rules of international trade, investment and finance require urgent reform and that the institutions that currently make the rules that govern the processes of globalization also require reform.

From the Paper
"For more than a century an increasing number of domestic or national matters have become "internationalized," i.e., made the subject of bi- or multilateral cooperation, mostly in an institutionalized framework, a process which, in a wider sense, could be called internationalization. In the more recent past, however, the term globalization has entered into the vocabulary of scholars as well as political practitioners. Although it seems, at times, as if the new term is rather carelessly used as a trendy synonym for the word "internationalization," such interpretation of the term "globalization" would fall short of its distinct meaning."

Tags:marlboro, man, philip, morris, eastern, european, market, industrial, corporations

Abstract
This paper explains that the Baby Boomer generation creates a medical problem, especially in the Medicare system, because of its size, potential of living so long, altered traditional family structures and a large segment, almost 20 percent, at the low end of the income scale; in addition, the generation after them is small. The author points out that seniors have no alternative but Medicare, which should be restructured to more closely resemble the rest of the nation's health care system especially PPOs (Preferred Provider Organizations). The paper recommends that, if institutions focused on decreasing the cost of each medical procedure and ceasing to carry out senseless, wasteful procedures; funds would be available for senior care plus wellness education and preventive care.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Baby Boom Health Care Issues
Who are the Baby Boomers?
Dependency ratio
Baby Boomer Expectancy
The Political Realities
Health Gestapo for Retiring Baby Boomers
Medical Services Delivery Problems
Recommendations

From the Paper
"There are several diametrically opposed factors involved in the future of health care for Baby Boomers, not least of which is the fact that the senior-oriented health care delivery systems were "geared for a time when people died early." In addition, Baby Boomers constituted the largest generation ever, to be subsidized-as have all generations been-by the ones behind them; the ones behind them are very small. They are expected to live longer than previous generations, partially because of the advances in medicine; however, there are already signs that the problem with the advances in medicine lies in the ability to find enough qualified people to run the machinery of medicine, the CAT scanners and whatever other advances appear. These two dichotomies would be problematical enough without the other troublesome possibility on the horizon, that of having to decided upon a practical and ethical way to deliver health care when there are not enough personnel to go around, nor enough funds to pay for equal treatment options for everyone."

Tags:medicare, ppo, politics, bush, waste

Abstract
This paper focuses on the significance of the mutual recognition principle for the integration of the European Union. The first part introduces the concepts of standardization, harmonization and mutual recognition. Special attention is paid to the practical implementation of the principle - what are its contributions to the free movement of goods in the EU internal market and therefore EU economy. The second part analyzes costs and benefits of mutual recognition from the regulatory perspective and shows the reallocations of regulatory powers within the EU two-level system of regulations under the mutual recognition regime. Finally, the paper discusses mutual recognition in the EU external trade and finds that a harmonization tendency persists as well in the EU trade with third countries, in respect to mutual recognition agreements.

Outline:
Introduction
Basic Concepts
Understanding the Internal Market
Barriers to Trade
Old and New Approach
Old Approach - Harmonization
Standards
CE Marking
New Approach - Mutual Recognition plus Harmonization
Mutual Recognition
How Entrepreneurs can defend themselves
Output
Mutual Recognition - Regulatory View
Development of MR regime
Controversy of the MR principle
Output
Mutual Recognition Agreements
Conclusion
Bibliography

On the basis of the conducted analysis of the principle of mutual recognition of product standards, the conclusion will concentrate on the impact of the mutual recognition principle for the EU integration and present the EU's new approach to better regulation.

From the Paper
"Internal market (or the single market) was formed through an agreement between a number of European countries to put trade barriers down. Internal market is considered to be one of the most significant symbols of the European integration. Removal of customs barriers among the EU member states and mutual recognition of goods and service standards were important steps to create a properly functioning internal market. Trade tariffs and customs barriers are eliminated in the internal market. Trading became easier for the companies as they have to deal with less export bureaucracy. Internal market is beneficial for the business across Europe as firms are able to expand their markets after the establishment of the internal market."

Tags:trade, regulation, tariffs, customs

Abstract
This paper examines how, for over 20 years, workers have been faced with the dilemma of lack of job security, which has led to decreased productivity. Another major change that has affected productivity is American corporations' shift of focus away from making employees feel secure and appreciated, or providing them with ample pension and health care benefits plus wage increases to outpace inflation. The paper points out that, instead, the new focus of American corporations emphasizes the fiduciary responsibility to the stockholder and maximizing profits. The paper also adds that advanced technology, requiring less people but more skilled workers, and government labor policies, which removed trade barriers making it easier for American companies to outsource labor and relocate to countries with low labor costs, have had an adverse effect on American worker productivity and the American middle class. The paper concludes that the corporate/business paradigm shift from employee to stockholder is the most significant factor leading to reduced employee productivity and the erosion of the American middle class.

Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Background Research
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Lack of job security is not a problem new to 2007, or even 2000, but one that has been on the rise since 1972. American companies have downsized dramatically since the late 1970s.
"In the first downsizing wave, 12% of the out placed workers left the workforce completely, 17% remained unemployed after two years. Of those finding new employment, 31% took a wage reduction of 25% or more and 32% of worker's wages were reduced by one to twenty-five percent while only 37% found no wage loss. These figures translate to 63% of people finding replacement jobs that are inferior to what they held prior to being downsized."

Tags:microeconomics, middle, class, corporation

Abstract
This paper summarizes and explains the controversy over the use of Zylon in body armor and whether or not Zylon should continue to be used in bulletproof vests. The paper also looks at whether Second Chance Industries, the company that manufactures and sells the body armor vests, should be held responsible for the entire financial costs of replacing the 200,000 plus vests in use today. This would bankrupt the company.

Executive Summary
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The story of the controversy surrounding the use of Zylon in body armor seems to be a rather predictable tale of the obfuscations of business and government concerning public health and safety, with the expected casualties and penalizing of its whistle-blowers. One of the differences and the many others that have emerged concerning product safety in this post-atomic age is that in this case it has only taken a single death for the biggest name in business to immediately recant and actively pursue some kind of resolution, even if it might not be what its customers would find perfectly ideal."

Tags:toyobo, bulletproof, gunshot, degeneration, ingredient, material, jackets, product, safety

Abstract
This paper explains how Jamaica's tourist industry after 1960 reproduced colonial forms of oppression in an industry controlled by colonial elite investors and beneficiaries that capitalize on cheap labor supplies; explanation of results of mass tourism as pursued by various Third World countries, and in Jamaica's example; note higher basic costs, low industrial or other development, cultural decay; reinforcement of colonial/postcolonial elites in a dual economy and dual society of much poverty. Itwaru, Fanon, CLR James, plus other refs.

From the Paper
"Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean, discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1494, named earlier by the Arawak Indians, `Xaymaca' or the `land of wood and water'. The Spanish introduced slaves from Africa after 1513, as labourers in a new sugarcane industry. In 1655, Jamaica became a British colony, continuing on till its independence in 1962. Just before independence, economic development began that centered on cultivating tourism, in keeping with other emerging colonies of the British Commonwealth Caribbean. This paper shows that tourism involves a carrying on of colonial phenomenon in independent Jamaica, including the class gaps of a colonial society. The moneyed classes were those to invest directly..."

Tags:jamaica, tourism, oppression

Abstract
This paper presents a marketing plan to help evaluate the viability of the author's proposed small business of a market research consultancy. In this paper, a SWOT situational analysis helps to define the marketing objectives and the strategies of the marketing mix. The key to success, the author believes, is to monitor carefully each area of his business and to take corrective actions.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Introduction
Marketing Objectives and Strategies
Situational Analysis
Target Markets
Marketing Objectives
Marketing Mix
Services (Depth, Breadth)
Price
Place
Promotion
Marketing Strategies
Monitor and Improve Marketing Performance
In Communication Area
In Sales Area
In Customer Satisfaction
Conclusion

From the Paper
"If clients' answers show a high dissatisfaction level, I would change the particular point where the dissatisfaction is observed. If it is about providers, the solution could be to contact them and trying to define ways to improve their work relationship. If the provider does not feel concerned by customer service, I would find another one. If the problem is about the payment delay, we can have a negotiation with clients during the contract negotiation and extend payment delay or split the payment in several times."

Tags:contractors swot turnover, cost plus, negotiation

Abstract
This paper explains that the Samuel Adams brand series by The Boston Beer Company, one of the world's most successful breweries producing malt products, ciders, teas and other drinks, have become a favorite in the United States, Germany, England and throughout South America. The author points out that the bulk of the international sales are the result of resale in which the company sells to domestic distributors who in turn sell to domestic and international retailers and consumers; whereas, the direct company sales are a result of joint ventures in countries such as Argentina, Chile and Brazil. The paper relates that, to prevent damage or spoilage in transportation, the beer is condensed for shipment, sent to local bottling plants in either domestic or international markets and the simply re-hydrated, bottled and distributed by the local bottling plant.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Objectives
Exporting with Shipping and Packing
Documentation
Pricing
Five Key Elements
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Mr. Hall pointed out that the Boston Beer Company works on the export price with a cost-plus method. The calculations start with a domestic manufacturing cost and adds in administration, research and development, overhead, freight forwarding, distributor margins, customs charges, and profit. Price is also determined by: projected sales, actual cost of the export, market demand and competition which will also include "nonmarket" costs like tariffs and customs fees, exclude cost elements that provide no benefit to the export function such as domestic advertising."

Tags:cost-plus, rehydrate, resale, logistics, supply-chain