Abstract
This proposal serves as an introduction to a safety program to prevent falls in a manufacture plant. The program includes a safety review by a safety engineer, subsequent safety related changes to equipment, increase in training and awareness regarding to fall protection and spill containment packs and procedural training. The work first discusses the reasoning and implementation of a safety program, then discusses cost comparisons between injuries and fatalities and the implementation of the safety program. Finally, it proposes to test in a longitudinal study the effectiveness of the safety program after implementation.

From the Paper
"The manufacture floor is often the source of fall obstructions and spill related falls. It is a rare occasion that any staff ascends to heights greater than 4 feet on ladders or other lift tools, though lifts are utilized in the warehouse that can contribute to secured heights of greater than four feet. Additionally, the moving workings of machinery, including but not limited to conveyor belts and other potentially dangerous machinery are of significant concern as equipment can increase the odds of injury, when individuals fall. Most of the production equipment has been retrofitted with safety mechanisms that provide the worker some protection but there are cutting surfaces as well as moving gears and links that cannot be covered as it would interfere with the production process. Additionally, there are many hard surfaces on edges and corners that could increase the odds of injury, and especially head injuries if and when a fall occurs."

Tags:fall protection, workplace injuries, occupational safety

Abstract
This paper examines how institutions employing nurses may rely on mandated and coerced overtime in an attempt to save money. As shown by the vigilance study, it is more effective to have sufficient staff or monitoring systems in order to reduce the costs associated with accidents. The paper further notes that tired nurses cause errors, errors often lead to accidents, accidents lead to higher costs. The paper concludes by stating that further studies should be done to determine the costs to institutions when insufficient nursing personnel are present.

From the Paper
"For many, if not most nurses, shift work is an unavoidable part of the job. However, that shift work affects the vigilance that nurses must maintain during their scheduled work hours. For nurses, fatigue is often the result of the shortage of licensed nursing personnel. This shortage results in nurses being asked to, or demanded to, work long shifts or extra shifts in order to "make up" for inadequate coverage. However, in a position statement from the American Nursing Association, it is stated that "strong evidence" links "prolonged" work hours to 1) slowed reaction time, lapses of attention to detail, and reduced motivation" among other..."

Tags:nursing, vigilance, circadian

Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses effective interviewing in the private sector. The paper also proposes the need for research in the area of effective interviewing in the private sector. According to the paper, in today's globalized business environment, much of the hiring process is geared toward outsourcing or filling positions with individuals who work as 'virtual' assistants.The paper further discusses how when outsourcing hiring for these positions, new problems present as often the interviewer never actually meets the potential employee.


Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Statement of Thesis
Research Questions
Methodology
Data Collection and Analysis
Literature Review
Difficulties in Interviewing Identified by Edenborough (2004)
Rodger's 'Seven-Point Plan'
Munro-Fraser 'Five-Fold' Grading System
Talent Shortage
Three Models in Outsourcing the Hiring Process
Cost-Effective Solution
Benefits of Integration of External Skills Expertise Assessment
Outsourcing Builds Hiring Advantage
Summary of Literature Reviewed
Recommendations

From the Paper
"A 'cost-effective' solution is stated in the work of Dolinsky to be that of outsourcing the hiring process, or at least the initial process in which skills are tested and initial screening of candidates occurs. This model is one that "assumes minimal involvement from the hiring company" and places emphasis on outsourcing in that after the external interview process the hiring company, who is in receipt of 'detailed skill assessment results and executive summaries" makes a selection of the candidates that it wishes to continue in the internal interview process. The second model presented in the work of Dolinsky is one that emphasized "Control" and is a model in which the company hiring is involved in the most of the process making decisions regarding interview structures, types and styles with interview termination decisions "made on results of interview iteration." (2006) It is held by Dolinsky that this is the most cost effective of the models presented. It is held that when the company hiring wants to make improvements to their hiring standards and establishment of hiring processes that "external expertise is invited to work with the hiring company's managers and developers" which combined the forces of interviewing. "

Tags:talent, pool, business, interviewing, technological, possibilities, pre-screening, candidates, fast, internet, connections

Abstract
This paper examines how, within the field of healthcare, there is an identifiable need to implement an effective form of communication and how personnel at all levels may need instruction for appropriate use of these communication skills. It summarizes how these facilities would allow for training which would implement communication technology such as, voice mail and email with acknowledgment, cellular telephones for mobile communication and improved support for role based contact and message screening. It looks at how the healthcare facility would benefit tremendously with greater communication and develop more successful relationships with their patients and how this training would prove to be cost effective and how the long term use of better communication would help all people involved to benefit from the use of effective communication skills.

From the Paper
"There currently is a need for individual healthcare workers to consider carefully the effects of their communication behavior on their own efficiency and effectiveness as well as on that of others. Ineffective communication behaviors may result in an interruptive work place, which possibly contribute to inefficiency in work practice. People working in the healthcare area are highly mobile during their working day. The mobility of staff and the difficulty contacting these "moving targets" suggest that support for mobility through the use of wireless technology, such as cellular telephones or pagers might be beneficial."

Tags:patients, skills, personnel

Abstract
This paper looks at how a company might formulate a plan to train its employees. The paper cites the presence of skilled and effective teachers, cost effective courses and materials for learning, individual attention to all the trainees, and practical training and hands-on experience as key elements in any training program. It then looks at the option companies have of using computer-based training methods. The paper points out the many advantages to computer-based training, but cautions that there are some disadvantages and that, when a company is considering employing CBT, it must weigh both its advantages and disadvantages.

From the Paper
"An effective training system would integrate several different processes in order to achieve the objective of a proper training. The first step in any sort of training would be identifying the desired level of knowledge in a measurable form. The next step would be listing out the various qualifications or competencies necessary for taking part in any training system to produce the desired results. After this the trainee would have to undertake the necessary research steps by sourcing materials and other requirements for the training method to function at its best. The trainee would now have to execute the methods best suitable to achieve proper training. The evaluation process for the training would have to be fair and unbiased and also take into account the industry for which the trainee is being trained; it would have to be recognized by the industry so that the trainee would be able to find placement in an easy manner. (Effective Intermediaries Training System)"

Tags:objectives, competence, jobs, responsiblity, trainees, position, industry, expertise

Abstract
The paper discusses the rising prison incarceration numbers and the effect of longer or shorter sentences for offenders. The paper focuses on recidivism and its possible causes and examines this in terms of public safety and the cost-effectiveness of incarceration. The paper also points out that, in addition to the recidivism rate of convicted offenders, the amount of crime in a community is influenced by several factors. The paper includes various studies which show both the negative and positive aspects of lengths of incarceration. Also discussed is the sentencing in European countries compared to the United States. The system in California is given special mention. The subject of African American mass incarceration is also examined.

From the Paper
"The rising prison incarceration numbers in the United States and the effectiveness of prison incarceration has been an issue of considerable discussion within the media and within state and federal governments.
"According to the United States Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Assistance, many jurisdictions throughout the country are implementing successful, cost-effective alternatives to traditional incarceration, while at the same time are improving efforts to reintegrate nonviolent offenders into the community (Alternatives). These corrections options programs promote sanctions other than incarceration, in which violators receive treatment combined with appropriate social services and vocational education in an effort to help them re-enter the community as productive and law-abiding citizens (Alternatives)."

Tags:offender, crimes, punishment, rehabilitation, criminal, re-offending, inmates, convictions, drugs

Abstract
An examination of the cost of capital, marginal cost of capital the use of the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the effect on the firm's budget process.

From the Paper
"Cost of capital and how it is calculated: In simplest terms, the cost of capital is the return necessary to make a capital budgeting project worthwhile. A firm's total cost of capital is based on its cost of debt and cost of equity. This determines how the company can raise funds to invest in new projects or fund expanding operations. It can be raised through debt equity or a combination of the two..."

Tags:Marginal Cost, incremental cost, Cost of Capital, Capital Asset Pricing Model, Beta Coefficient systemic risk risk premium

Abstract
The paper discusses how, as the requirements for nearly all occupations become increasingly competitive, the need for a college education is becoming more and more crucial. The paper focuses on the costs involved and relates that there are federal and state grants and loans that can help reduce the cost of a college education, but rarely do these government monies pay for the whole cost of a college education. The paper then relates that state subsidies have created public institutions for higher education that are affordable to low income families as well as families of greater means, but many question the quality of the education of public colleges.

From the Paper
"A college education is believed to be the key to a successful future. But what is the cost to families who want to send their graduating high school sons and daughters to college. College is thought to be a character building process in the course of a person's life--everyone benefits from an educated population. As the requirements for nearly all occupations become increasingly competitive the need for a college education is becoming more and more crucial. There are federal and state grants and loans that can help reduce the cost of a college education, but rarely do these government monies pay for the whole cost of a college education."

Tags:responsibility, cost, parent

Abstract
A study into the cost of running an effective and strong prison system in the state of Maryland and the effect this has on the overall budget of the state. The paper explains that, while this is important, it often comes at the cost of other budget cuts, including education and health. The paper includes recent statistics from the state budget, detailing the costs involved in incarcerating prisoners. The writer also concedes that, while it is expensive, the cost of crime is also high, and there has to be some kind of solution.

Contents
Introduction: Statement of the Problem
Methodology: Examining the Scope of the Problem
Increasingly Crowded Prisons
Alternatives to Incarceration
Reform Inside the Big House
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The treatment of prisoners causes few legal problems for the government of a dictatorship. A government that refuses to acknowledge the human rights of even its law-abiding citizens is not likely to show too many qualms about shoving its criminals into overcrowded and unsafe prisons or even to worry about whether the niceties of due process were considered in getting the person to prison to begin with. But the rule of constitutional law changes all that. Because we live in a country in which the rule of law is for the most part respected, the police, the court and prison officials " and the rest of us as well " must recognize prisoners are people who have broken the social contract. But still people like the rest of us."

Tags:crime, criminal, law, justice, protect, government, politics

Abstract
The paper analyzes Chris Murphy's article "What's Next" that focuses on current IT outsourcing practice and Lee and Margaret Covell's article "A Strategic Approach to Overhead Management" that discusses operations cost-cutting. The paper then looks at Joseph Bozada's article "Generating Shareholder Value: Much More Than Cost Cutting" that suggests that worker layoffs might be counter-productive and finally, the paper examines the editorial in the Measuring Business Excellence magazine that explains how improved cost-efficiency can also be achieved through an innovative use of accounting and financial processes. The paper notes that all four authors agree that companies need to look beyond such traditional cost-cutting methods as layoffs, outsourcing and downsizing.

Outline:
Introduction
Analysis: New Perspectives on Outsourcing and Operations Cost Cutting
Analysis: Novel Approaches to Cost Cutting
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In today's challenging business environment, companies are considering cost-cutting strategies more often than just a couple of years ago. There are three well-established methods of cost cutting: downsizing, outsourcing and cutting the costs of operations (Crampton & Hodge, 2007, p.341). Managers usually turn to one or a combination of these strategies during difficult economic times and/or situations of company underperformance. However, according to many analysts, such behavior might be counterproductive and even dangerous (Bozada, 2004, p.17). While hasty layoffs and downsized operations might improve the immediate financial situation, in the longer term they might create a strategic disadvantage and even cut into future revenue gains. According to Bozada, this happens because "This approach primarily focuses on cost cutting and will, by definition, only produce limited results" (p.17). What is needed therefore is a strategic and innovative approach to the concept of cost cutting."

Tags:layoffs, downsizing, accounting, outsourcing, operations