Abstract This paper introduces, summarizes and discusses David Held's article, "Democratic Accountability and Political Effectiveness from a Cosmopolitan Perspective". The paper explains that the article describes a new kind of political organization that forwards democracy, cooperation, and accountability in a global world order. The paper further explains that Held's primary argument is that globalization has transformed the way that the world interacts with itself; national bounds and powers are no longer as distinguishable as they once were. Accordingly, the primary theme of this article is to address how new global coordination and cooperation can be effectively achieved in the face of issues that are increasingly global in nature.
Abstract This paper addresses the issue of rapidly diminishing national boundaries in an increasingly globalized community. The author suggests a cosmopolitan model as a possible solution.
From the Paper "Our world is in a continuing state of change. This change is evident on various levels and has harbored itself most prominently in the vessel of political communities. As our global community pushes for a faster, simpler, more efficient way of life, we find ourselves face to face with various nation-states across the globe. We are witnessing the melding together of national communities on an international level as issues continue to break through the confines of national agenda and pose themselves as threats to the vital planetary interest. Globalization has become a major player in today's political forum and the changes it has spurred necessitate a reevaluation of our present democratic system."
Abstract The paper discusses how the events of September 11, 2001 forever changed how Americans view immigration, no less importantly, it changed forever how Americans view the western ideals of tolerance and cosmopolitanism. With this in mind, the paper examines whether or not it is possible to find a middle position on the tolerance continuum, which eschews the undue persecution of unpopular or even threatening groups, without conversely succumbing to an acceptance of every form of cultural manifestation we encounter. The paper argues that cosmopolitanism is a noble ideal, but one which fails to appreciate that some cultures (like certain nations) have done a much better job than others of granting rights and citizenship to all members of its society.
Abstract This paper discusses the comparison between Austen's novel, "Pride and Prejudice" and the popular magazine "Cosmopolitan", specifically the February 2002 edition featuring pop culture celebrity Britney Spears.
From the Paper "The mere fact that Britney Spears is the highlighted celebrity in this issue illustrates Simons comparison between modern culture and the characters in the coming of age novels such as Pride and Prejudice. She is the example of the modern woman in pop culture just as the women portrayed in Pride and Prejudice were women of their culture. It is the essence of not only woman that is portrayed in both venues, it is the strength of women that is portrayed. Cosmopolitan magazine prides itself on dealing with women's issues in a way that empowers women. The whole essence of Austen's Pride and Prejudice is the internal struggle and strength of strong women. The characters in Pride and Prejudice focus on the camaraderie of strong women as does Cosmopolitan. The magazine draws its readers from a pool of a particular type of woman as does Pride and Prejudice. Women can identify with the articles in the magazine and the story of Pride and Prejudice. It becomes personal to them in many respects."
Abstract This paper examines how even though the society that was Byzantine has faded from the annals of history and gone is the Eastern Empire of the Holy Roman Emperor and his vast influence over the ancient world, the cultural diversity, architectural prowess and masterful artwork of the time remain ingrained into the fabric of our society. It shows how this type of influence is evident in modern times by a city such as New York, considered to be ?cosmopolitan.? Along with worldliness comes an interest in all things aesthetic. The architecture of the Byzantine period distinctly reflects this influence. The glory of Byzantine is not an era bygone, but rather lives at present in modern cultural diversity, architecture and artwork.
From the Paper "Most may think of luxury automobiles as having a modern futuristic bent, but the simplicity of the outside belies the splendor within. Granted there are no rotundas, pendentives, or cylindrical drums (Byzantine Architecture) present but within there is an abundance of opulence (television screens, highly polished wood paneling, leather, gold accessories etc) designed for paying tribute to the modern gods of money and status. Far fetched? Perhaps, but the suggestiveness and display of grandeur can not be ignored. "
Abstract "Cosmopolitan Magazine" is considered one of the largest-selling, young women's magazines in the world. Since its founding in 1886, this magazine has received much of its fame from its upbeat style, focus on the young career woman, and discussions of male and female relationships. The paper analyzes the messages being put across by the magazine, its effect on its readers and the use of advertising and color to project the desired images.
From the Paper "Cosmo's editors might say that if they address more women's issues and social problems such as poverty or women's equality their readers would stop buying their magazine. However, in reality, their readers would go along with the change because it is Cosmo, the most popular Women's magazine that sets trends for many young women in our society. By using average looking models and writing articles that would help women in daily life, Cosmo could use its popularity to crush the stereotype of the feeble, powerless woman. Through their ads and articles Cosmo needs to demonstrate that 21st century women are far more than just beautiful sex objects that are created to satisfy men and are enslaved by their consumer driven lives, but they are independent, dignified women who have a significant voice in society and are shaping our world today."
Abstract This paper presents a critical reflection on Martha Nussbaum's "For Love of Country", in which Nussbaum pleads for cosmopolitanism instead of patriotism. The paper discusses the essays written by Nussbaum that are included in her book as well as the 15 essays by noted scholars also included in the book.
From the Paper "Nussbaum's "For Love of Country" contains a series of essays by notable scholars and great thinkers such as Gertrude Himmelfarb, Nathan Glazer, Hilary Putnam, Michael Walzer and Elaine Scarry as well as Nussbaum's own writings. She opens with an essay tracing ideas from the Stoics and argues for cosmopolitanism over patriotism, insisting that world citizens regard all human beings as fellow citizens and neighbors and so it makes more sense in this era of globalization to be a citizen of the world than a citizen of a..."
Abstract This paper explains that a culture is more than just a race, a language or a country but rather, through crashes and mergers, it creates new ways of seeing the world. The author points out that in Los Angeles, which is a cosmopolitan, world-class city with no majority race, the multicultural issues are not social acceptance problems that are common in suburban and rural districts, but instead psychological challenges, particularly the all-important and pervasive issue of identity. The paper stresses that culture crash is best grappled with by those individuals directly going through the continuous turmoil that it invariably creates and who are in the best position to portray their own responses to the continuing evolution of their culture.
From the Paper "On the other hand, Karen Tei Yamashita's novel, "Tropic of Orange", deals less with personal issues of culture crash and merger than with the broader, even global, effects of mass culture merger and its attendant economic manifestations in policies such as NAFTA (which, as has been argued by many, has a tendency to erase cultural distinctions in favor of mass uniformity). Yamashita's novel does touch upon the matter of self-identity, in so far one of its central characters (Emi) is an Asian-American; but there is so much turmoil and turbulence going on around the characters that one can barely stop for the luxury of self-analysis."
This paper discusses the 'tweenager', a most significant European market segment because of its high purchasing power, brand loyalty, and familiarity with media technology.
Abstract This paper defines the "tweenager", the youngest members of the Generation Y segment who are eight to twelve years old, the pre-adolescent to adolescent age group, applicable to both the male and female members of the group, but much more likely to be female. The author points out that the culture of tweenagers, mainly based on the entertainment industry, considers entertainment personalities and pop culture icons as idols and "hero" models. The paper reviews two prevailing marketers of pop culture products and services for female tweenagers, Claire's Accessories and "Cosmo (Cosmopolitan) Girl", specifically in terms of each companies? marketed product, pricing, channels of distribution, and promotion strategies.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The "Tweenager"
Addressing the Tweenager Market
Claire's Accessories, Ltd.
"Cosmo (Cosmopolitan) Girl"
The Adult versus the Tweenage Market
Conclusion
From the Paper "In the case of the main units of analysis for this study, which are the pre-teen and media-savvy females, consumerism, materialism, and hedonism are illustrated among tweenagers? preoccupation with their physical appearance, or the body. The body, according to Joan Brumberg in The Body Project, ?is a consuming project for contemporary girls because it provides an important means of self-definition, a way to visibly announce who you are to the world.? Through material consumption, ?bodies are magically reworked and identities completely refashioned,? illustrating subsistence to hedonism (self-indulgence in happiness and in the pleasure that a tweenager has an identity and image of her own)."
Abstract A look at the discovery of Panama and the beginnings of Panama City. The paper discusses how the city was strategically placed and how, with the canal, it has developed into an important metropolitan city of South America. History of the city since the 1500's is surveyed. The paper deals with the series of foreign rulers and explorers who controlled the city.
From the Paper "In 1501, Spanish explorer Rodrigo de Bastidas discovered Panama in South America, which soon became a major point of dispersal for Spanish conquest and settlement in the New World (Preston 47). But of much greater value to the colonizers at the time was the City of Panama, then the capital of Castilla del Oro (later renamed into the Isthmus of Panama), and discovered in 1519 by Pedro Arias de Avila. The Isthmus served as a passage of advantage to Spanish ships between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and between continents (Preston 46) in their sea exploration and conquest activities. Panama City's importance derived exclusively from its control of that passage or route (Blouet 726) ? from the City, expeditions set out for the conquest of the Pacific side of Central America up to Nicaragua and that of the entire South American west coast up to Chile (Blouet 729)."
Abstract A general timeline of the city of Pompeii showing what Pompeii was famous for and the technological advancements developed by its citizens. The writer states that Pompeii was an ancient cosmopolitan city during the zenith of the Roman Empire that was living on borrowed time.
From the Paper "Modern day Pompeii is a town located in Western Italy near the city of Naples. It is currently an uninhabited city that, due to its preservation, resembles an opened time capsule. Although it is most famous for being buried and forgotten for approximately 1700 years, in it's heyday, Pompeii was one of the most vibrant cities in the Roman Empire. The ruins of the city have a great deal to offer about the everyday lives of the citizens of the once buried city."
Abstract Immanuel Kant had a supreme interest in making major political changes for the better of society. Kant's beliefs were what was considered morally right today should not be affected by the unethical behavior or judgments of yesterday. This paper discusses Kant's theory on pure and practical reasoning, how the individual applying this notion affects the entire human race, and can produce the end result of freedom and happiness.
From the Paper "For example, the con artist will convince many elderly people that they will make a major contribution to saving the world by allowing him to use their checking account to deposit and take large sums of money. They claim they cannot use any more accounts in their name for insurance reasons. The elderly, wanting to do a good deed, gives the person access to his or her bank account. The con artist cleans out the elderly persons bank account, which had their life savings in it, and skips town. Only later, is it discovered that he uses fake identities. Kant's moral law says that we must not consider any previous experiences when making a decision to do what is moral. Lying and deceiving someone is definitely not ethical. Would it be unethical to use an elderly person who was aware of what was going on to catch the con artist, without the thief knowing this was a setup? If the decision to carry out the setup excludes all previous actions, then Kant's moral law suggest that lying and deceitfulness is unethical, although this procedure may prevent many other elderly people from becoming victims. "
Abstract The paper discusses how Bao Ninh's "The Sorrow of War" and Nazim Hikmet's "Human Landscapes from My Country" both speak succinctly and powerfully to the problem of war. They illustrate the common justifications of war, and juxtapose these with some of the real horrors and paradoxes of war. It shows how, in contrast, Kaldor's "New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era" does not speak much to the human cost of war. Instead, she tries to outline the changing nature of war, and gives recommendations on how to best deal with the new war by establishing cosmopolitan law enforcement
From the Paper "It is in these words that Ninh reveals the horrifying paradox of war. Wars are justified by saying that they have resulted in the victory of the just. The death of fallen comrades is justified because their death has resulted in so many others being allowed to survive and prosper. Says Ninh, "Justice may have won, but cruelty, death, and inhuman violence have also won. Just look and think: It is the truth". This is the incredible paradox of war. We fight so that we may remain free, and that others may live in peace and justice. However, the very act of war changes us; it makes us more brutal, less human and kind, and forever shifts the perceptions and realities of those who have lived through it."
Tags: horrors, Hoa, Crocodile, Lake, Kartal, Mansur, Vietnam
Abstract Many American cities have encountered increasing problems along with their growth, and urban poverty is one of the major issues that is a problem in itself while contributing to a wide variety of other social ills. We speak of a cycle of poverty to show how poverty becomes self-perpetuating from one generation to the next, with poor areas in our cities unable to develop the necessary tax base to pay for better schools to education the next generation so it will not have to live in poverty as well. Miami developed in this century into a major city, increasingly cosmopolitan with an influx of Cuban immigrants since the Cuban Revolution in 1959.
From the Paper "Introduction
Many American cities have encountered increasing problems along with their growth, and urban poverty is one of the major issues that is a problem in itself while contributing to a wide variety of other social ills. We speak of a cycle of poverty to show how poverty becomes self-perpetuating from one generation to the next, with poor areas in our cities unable to develop the necessary tax base to pay for better schools to education the next generation so it will not have to live in poverty as well. Miami developed in this century into a major city, increasingly cosmopolitan with an influx of Cuban immigrants since the Cuban Revolution in 1959. At one time, the CIA had an operations headquarters in Miami seen by many as a state within a city because it was over, above, and outside the laws of the United..."
Abstract This essay will argue that it is possible to read "Billy Budd" on a number of levels. Of course, it is an interesting tale of shipboard life at the end of the eighteenth century. As well, it may be seen as an allegory for the life of Christ, with the virtuous, innocent and inarticulate Billy Budd standing in for Christ. On yet another level it may be seen as a story of innocent virtue versus experienced corruption and impotence. In this respect, Melville's intended American audience may have read the story as tale of the corruption of the Old World and its decaying cosmopolitan civilization.
