Abstract
This paper discusses how rape myths may prevent women from believing they were raped and how the magazine "Cosmopolitan" has been reinforcing these myths. Famous for its uninhibited treatment of issues pertaining to sex and sexuality, the author gives examples from "Cosmopolitan" throughout the paper that demonstrate the magazine's emphasis on physical attractiveness as a marker of success, its advocacy of women's sexual initiative and of the notion that a woman's worth lies mainly in her sexual availability to men. This, the author argues, leads to women trivializing what could have been a rape experience by deriding themselves. The author also argues that rape myths contribute significantly to the dehumanization that already occurs through the mere act of rape.

From the Paper
"With its strong focus on women's sexual initiative as their measure of desirability, Cosmo teaches women to interpret a rape as 'sex gone bad,' which must be the woman's responsibility. The magazine further supports a strong emphasis on physical attractiveness as a marker of success, and creates an ambivalent picture of female desire that they portray as an imitation of male desire. Both factors support men's belief in the female seductress, the woman who is 'looking' to be raped, i.e. puts on a convincing show."

Tags:sexuality, feminism, publications, victimization

Abstract
The paper analyzes the social norms of women's bodily image in advertisements, exclusivist Caucasian interpretations in its articles, and the problematic issue of an American consumer society in Cosmopolitan Magazine.

Tags:magazine, women, diet

Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of rapidly diminishing national boundaries in an increasingly globalized community. The author suggests a cosmopolitan model as a possible solution.

From the Paper
"Our world is in a continuing state of change. This change is evident on various levels and has harbored itself most prominently in the vessel of political communities. As our global community pushes for a faster, simpler, more efficient way of life, we find ourselves face to face with various nation-states across the globe. We are witnessing the melding together of national communities on an international level as issues continue to break through the confines of national agenda and pose themselves as threats to the vital planetary interest. Globalization has become a major player in today's political forum and the changes it has spurred necessitate a reevaluation of our present democratic system."

Tags:globalization, boundaries, trade, community, economics, international, policy

Abstract
This paper introduces, summarizes and discusses David Held's article, "Democratic Accountability and Political Effectiveness from a Cosmopolitan Perspective". The paper explains that the article describes a new kind of political organization that forwards democracy, cooperation, and accountability in a global world order. The paper further explains that Held's primary argument is that globalization has transformed the way that the world interacts with itself; national bounds and powers are no longer as distinguishable as they once were. Accordingly, the primary theme of this article is to address how new global coordination and cooperation can be effectively achieved in the face of issues that are increasingly global in nature.

Tags:held, globalization, cosmopolitanism

Abstract
"Cosmopolitan Magazine" is considered one of the largest-selling, young women's magazines in the world. Since its founding in 1886, this magazine has received much of its fame from its upbeat style, focus on the young career woman, and discussions of male and female relationships. The paper analyzes the messages being put across by the magazine, its effect on its readers and the use of advertising and color to project the desired images.

From the Paper
"Cosmo's editors might say that if they address more women's issues and social problems such as poverty or women's equality their readers would stop buying their magazine. However, in reality, their readers would go along with the change because it is Cosmo, the most popular Women's magazine that sets trends for many young women in our society. By using average looking models and writing articles that would help women in daily life, Cosmo could use its popularity to crush the stereotype of the feeble, powerless woman. Through their ads and articles Cosmo needs to demonstrate that 21st century women are far more than just beautiful sex objects that are created to satisfy men and are enslaved by their consumer driven lives, but they are independent, dignified women who have a significant voice in society and are shaping our world today."

Tags:subscription, beauty, products

Abstract
This paper discusses how, in Immanuel Kant's "Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View" Kant proposes several ideas which could be applied to the 1991 Gulf War. The paper also looks at how the actions undertaken by the US and its allies against Iraq are seen as a collective and rational action as they are defending and upholding the rights of the people of Kuwait against Iraq.

From the Paper
"Kant stated that "the greatest problem for the human, to the solution of which nature drives man, is the achievement of a universal civic society which administers law among men" (Idea, 1963). Kant's premise on this statement is manifested with the existence of the United Nations whose roots came from the League of Nations that was established after World War 1. Both institutions are intended to prevent the escalation of conflicts to full blown wars. Unfortunately, however the United Nation failed to mitigate regional armed conflicts such as the Gulf War from taking place. Kant's notion of a universal civic society is quite difficult to achieve in the sense that sovereign states and other stakeholders in the international arena are actively pursuing their respective agenda and there is no entity, a cosmopolitan government that has the ability to reconcile conflicts among stakeholders and have the clout to enforce collective decisions that are binding to everyone. "

Tags:politik, Kuwait, Iraq, US

Abstract
This paper discusses the comparison between Austen's novel, "Pride and Prejudice" and the popular magazine "Cosmopolitan", specifically the February 2002 edition featuring pop culture celebrity Britney Spears.

From the Paper
"The mere fact that Britney Spears is the highlighted celebrity in this issue illustrates Simons comparison between modern culture and the characters in the coming of age novels such as Pride and Prejudice. She is the example of the modern woman in pop culture just as the women portrayed in Pride and Prejudice were women of their culture. It is the essence of not only woman that is portrayed in both venues, it is the strength of women that is portrayed. Cosmopolitan magazine prides itself on dealing with women's issues in a way that empowers women. The whole essence of Austen's Pride and Prejudice is the internal struggle and strength of strong women. The characters in Pride and Prejudice focus on the camaraderie of strong women as does Cosmopolitan. The magazine draws its readers from a pool of a particular type of woman as does Pride and Prejudice. Women can identify with the articles in the magazine and the story of Pride and Prejudice. It becomes personal to them in many respects."

Tags:issue, problem, trash, society, magazine, development, era, culture

Abstract
The paper discusses how the events of September 11, 2001 forever changed how Americans view immigration, no less importantly, it changed forever how Americans view the western ideals of tolerance and cosmopolitanism. With this in mind, the paper examines whether or not it is possible to find a middle position on the tolerance continuum, which eschews the undue persecution of unpopular or even threatening groups, without conversely succumbing to an acceptance of every form of cultural manifestation we encounter. The paper argues that cosmopolitanism is a noble ideal, but one which fails to appreciate that some cultures (like certain nations) have done a much better job than others of granting rights and citizenship to all members of its society.

Tags:nussbaum, martha, toleration

Abstract
This paper explains that a culture is more than just a race, a language or a country but rather, through crashes and mergers, it creates new ways of seeing the world. The author points out that in Los Angeles, which is a cosmopolitan, world-class city with no majority race, the multicultural issues are not social acceptance problems that are common in suburban and rural districts, but instead psychological challenges, particularly the all-important and pervasive issue of identity. The paper stresses that culture crash is best grappled with by those individuals directly going through the continuous turmoil that it invariably creates and who are in the best position to portray their own responses to the continuing evolution of their culture.

From the Paper
"On the other hand, Karen Tei Yamashita's novel, "Tropic of Orange", deals less with personal issues of culture crash and merger than with the broader, even global, effects of mass culture merger and its attendant economic manifestations in policies such as NAFTA (which, as has been argued by many, has a tendency to erase cultural distinctions in favor of mass uniformity). Yamashita's novel does touch upon the matter of self-identity, in so far one of its central characters (Emi) is an Asian-American; but there is so much turmoil and turbulence going on around the characters that one can barely stop for the luxury of self-analysis."

Tags:bi-raciality, cosmopolitan, identity, dehumanize, evolution

Abstract
This paper examines how even though the society that was Byzantine has faded from the annals of history and gone is the Eastern Empire of the Holy Roman Emperor and his vast influence over the ancient world, the cultural diversity, architectural prowess and masterful artwork of the time remain ingrained into the fabric of our society. It shows how this type of influence is evident in modern times by a city such as New York, considered to be "cosmopolitan." Along with worldliness comes an interest in all things aesthetic. The architecture of the Byzantine period distinctly reflects this influence. The glory of Byzantine is not an era bygone, but rather lives at present in modern cultural diversity, architecture and artwork.

From the Paper
"Most may think of luxury automobiles as having a modern futuristic bent, but the simplicity of the outside belies the splendor within. Granted there are no rotundas, pendentives, or cylindrical drums (Byzantine Architecture) present but within there is an abundance of opulence (television screens, highly polished wood paneling, leather, gold accessories etc) designed for paying tribute to the modern gods of money and status. Far fetched Perhaps, but the suggestiveness and display of grandeur can not be ignored. "

Tags:cultural, diversity, architecture, artwork, cosmopolitan