Abstract
This paper presents a clear argument against elective cosmetic surgery. The paper discusses the various costs involved in cosmetic surgery, including financial, unknown long-term outcomes and the risks of the invasive surgery.

From the Paper
"Human beings have gone to great lengths to make themselves attractive to members of the opposite sex for thousands of years. Tribes in Africa have extended their ear lobes or elongated their necks. Women in China..."

Tags:cosmetic, surgery

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that while the concept of cosmetic surgery remains a controversial topic amongst many people today, the practice of cosmetic surgery has become a common procedure for many North Americans. The writer points out that despite growing popularity, there is an increase in social debate over the accessibility and utilization of cosmetic surgery for teenagers. This paper seeks to explore how cosmetic surgery can be damaging, both physically and emotionally, for teenagers. The writer discusses that teenagers struggle to express themselves, yet disdain for their appearance may be deep-seeded and may have more to do with personal dissatisfaction than how they actually appear. The writer maintains that teenagers considering cosmetic surgery should have to undergo certain levels of counselling, both to determine whether they are making a wise decisions and to teach teenagers to look inwards for answers and not assume that purchasing a new body will solve all of their social and emotional problems.

From the Paper
" We are not helping teenagers by offering singular and evasive surgeries as solutions to their social woes. Understandably there may be cause for argument that some procedures are acceptable, but cosmetic surgery should never be seen as a necessary solution to the difficult pubescent years. If parents are going to allow their teenagers to undergo cosmetic surgery, they should remain part of the process and not distance themselves from the decisions their teen will have to make. Becoming involved and asking questions a teenager may not have thought of may in fact deter a teenager from making a decision they ultimately may live to regret. Teenagers have yet to develop a sense of mortality and permanency in their train of thinking. Cosmetic surgery is permanent and rarely reversible. A teenager may be enchanted by the idea of a perfect quick fix, but should the procedure go awry, as they may, teenagers are not emotionally equipped with the tools that will allow them to deal with such trauma."

Tags:body, apeparance, growing, up, adolescent, change

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in today's contemporary society, cosmetic surgery is more popular than ever. Studies including those by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons suggest that an increasing number of teenagers and young adults are seeking cosmetic surgery to enhance or change their figure or parts of their body. The writer points out that many are opposed to the concept, suggesting teenagers should not have the choice to utilize cosmetic surgery. This paper argues that teenagers should have access to elective cosmetic surgery when they have their parents' permission, as parents are more likely to be able to understand the potential side effects of surgery and help the patient make a secure and well-thought out decision. The writer maintains that patients that do not have parental consent should not have the option of cosmetic surgery.

From the Paper
"Undoubtedly cosmetic surgery may benefit patients' interpersonal relationships and self-esteem, which ultimately leads to a better quality of life. This is more so the case when the patient suffers from a birth defect or other abnormality that affects their appearance. However, cosmetic surgery is not something to be taken lightly, as for many it can prove very damaging and have long-lasting side effects. Adults undergoing surgery are more likely to make wise decisions because their brains are fully matured and because their bodies have stopped growing."

Tags:plastic, surgery, patient, parent, side, effects

Abstract
The paper discusses how cosmetic surgery is increasing more because it presents an apparent shortcut to happiness for many people who suffer from psychological inadequacies. The paper addresses the safety concerns with these procedures and reveals that it is inadequately regulated by medical associations and there is no uniform standard for technical expertise or criteria of patient selection. The paper further reveals that many forms of cosmetic procedures are associated with significant risks. The paper concludes with the assertion that the increasing trend toward cosmetic procedures to enhance physical attractiveness may itself be little more than a symptom of superficiality in American society.

Outline:
Introduction
Ethical Concerns
Safety Concerns
Social Issues
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the last two decades, cosmetic surgery, which was previously once affordable by the wealthy, has become widely available throughout the United States. In 2006 alone, American surgeons performed more than 11 million cosmetic procedures (News-Medcal.Net, 2007). Some of the most common procedures include liposuction, gastric bypass, and gastric banding to enable the obese to lose weight; breast enhancement for women and plastic implants designed to reshape the physique for both genders; muscle sculpting to increase the visibility of abdominal muscles; and face lifts, lip augmentation, and Botox injections to maintain a youthful appearance."

Tags:gastric, bypass, breast, enhancement, superficiality, self, esteem

Abstract
This paper first examines the article, "Financial Outlook Looks Grim for Cosmetic Companies," by Simon Pitman, which examines the poor earnings of the cosmetic sector due to the high price of oil causing higher costs and lower profits. The paper then examines an article by Guy Montague-Jones, entitled, "Avon Plans to Job Cuts to Reduce Long-Term Costs," which states that Avon Products is so financially burdened that they plan to cut 2,400 jobs to restructure the company. The paper ends by discussing the Regis Corporation, which is the only apparently unburdened company of the cosmetic industry.

From the Paper
"The bad earnings in Revlon and Estee Lauder affected the cosmetic sector, and Pitman reports that part of the cosmetic sector of Avon was affected with shares dropping by 16 cents to $36.21 (par. 17). The cosmetic industry is complaining that the high price of oil has caused most major industries of manufacturing to be infected with higher costs and lower net profits. As the transportation industry passes on its costs of increasing oil prices to manufacturers, the repercussions have caused the price of commodities to rise. Manufacturing industries are being shaken from their foundations by the high price of oil that recently skyrocketed to $145 a barrel in late July 2008. "

Tags:business revlon, estee lauder, avon tresee cederroth

Abstract
This paper argues that, for most women, cosmetic surgery is a foolish option because the potential risks and complications outweigh any possible cosmetic benefits. The paper argues that the results of many procedures are temporary and affected by aging and changes in lifestyle. The paper also shows that cosmetic surgery skews the public's perception of how a woman's body should be.

From the Paper
"We currently live in a society that is utterly obsessed with the concept of youth. Everywhere we turn we are bombarded with airbrushed images of scantily clad women advertising everything from cosmetics to cars. We flip on our televisions and are shown a perpetual reel of synthetic beauty that is forever touted as "natural" and "healthy", and sadly, many Americans have been persuaded to accept this notion. Rather than concern ourselves with expanding our minds and appreciating life's changes as they are bestowed upon us, thousands of people throw away billions of dollars each year in an attempt to fight the inevitable. Many continue to finance these costly procedures that result in a lengthy healing process, a great deal of pain, and in many cases only marginal results. Yet, this is the current popular trend and it only appears to be gaining speed as time goes on. Will there eventually come a day where women are expected to undergo cosmetic surgery because a natural physique is no longer deemed as attractive?"

Tags:aesthetic, vanity

Abstract
The paper aims to show that while stigmas still exist, more men are opting for cosmetic surgery because of the availability of new, less invasive procedures. The paper also attributes the rise in cosmetic surgeries to cultural changes and better access to information.

Outline:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The past decade has seen the dramatic rise of cosmetic surgery performed on men and women. According to the American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) the numbers grew by 457% from 1997-2007. The cause of this has been attributed to many factors such as television, magazines, and the Internet. In the past, cosmetic surgery has been associated with women who are thought to be more conscious of the way they look. This time, however, it is men who are becoming more aware of their appearance and the need to improve it. As of 2007, men comprise 9% of those undergoing cosmetic procedures. This increased by 17% since 2006 (ASAPS, 2007)."

Tags:stigma, aging, appearance, beauty, culture

Abstract
Throughout history, women have been fed the notion that beauty is all that matters in life. Today, in the 21st century, women are the primary targets of the media industry. The paper shows that media manipulation of women's perspectives related to their appearance routinely occurs, as media moguls persist to work hand in hand with the cosmetic industry, feeding society with unattainable ideals, encouraging women to mutilate themselves for psychological reasons, often with lethal consequences usually hidden in fine print.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Thesis
History and Ideals of Beauty
Modern Day Cosmetic Surgery as a "Panacea", the Cure All for Life's
Problems
Beauty and Unattainable Ideals
Beauty as a Business Industry
Media and Manipulation
Wrong Reasons for Undergoing Plastic Surgery
Lethal Consequences
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Initially, "cosmetic surgery" was intended and typically reserved as a repair mechanism to assist wounded and deformed soldiers in war. Soldiers returning from WWI with missing limbs and shrapnel torn faces entrusted their appearance to the hands of skilled surgeons of the time. The development of cosmetic surgery received a push for movement from the need to repair gross deformities sustained in WWI to the need to change normal and typical physical appearances. Early surgeons intended cosmetic surgery for surgical repair of congenital or acquired deformities and the restoration of contour to improve the appearance and function of tissue defects (Kazanjian, 250). Today however, cosmetic surgery takes on a whole new meaning, and the players are participating in a totally different ball game. Though many plastic surgeons are still touted and well received for their remarkable abilities to restore dignity to the deformed, cosmetic surgery has also taken on a new meaning. Cosmetic surgery has become a mechanism women have turned to in hopes of changing not just their appearance, but also their life."

Tags:weight, malpractice

Abstract
This essay explores women's pre-operative and post-operative dissatisfaction with their breast augmentation surgeries. The paper examines the literature, current research and web messages addressing the psychological factors contributing to women's dissatisfaction with their breast sizes and surgeries. The paper includes a discussion of the demographical prevalence of cosmetic breast augmentation patients and the psychological therapies used to counsel and treat body image dissatisfaction among women in the age group of 17-52 years.

Table of Contests:
Incidence and Prevalence
Psychological Causes and Effects
Solution, Treatments, and Remedies
Evaluation and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Psychological causes and effects of cosmetic breast augmentation surgery are becoming a potential health concern for the women considering or who have undergone the surgery. The Breast-Plastic-Surgery.Org argues psychology of cosmetic surgery as an important medical specialty which rarely receives adequate attention. Most of the women who undergo breast augmentation, breast reduction and breast lift procedures every year suffer from common internal motivating factors, such as low self-esteem, poor self-image, need to rebuild the breasts after cancer or injury, and desire to appear less ordinary."

Tags:therapy, breast augmentation, self-esteem, body image

Abstract
Doctors and patients alike are faced with ethical dilemmas with regard to several aspects of the cosmetic surgery industry. This paper explores several of these ethical issues, namely, factors in the decision to have elective surgery, deceptive marketing strategies, and bartering professional services for publicity. The analysis for each topic includes research from the professional societies, the general public, and the author's own subjective opinion.

From the Paper
"Plastic surgery has a very long history. As early as 1000 B.C.E., the first plastic surgery was reported in India, where a person's nose might be cut off as a form of punishment or, in the case of an adulterous Hindu wife, bitten off by the wronged husband. Procedures, which displayed remarkable similarity to present rhinoplasties, were developed to reconstruct the noses of such errant individuals (Davis 14). Plastic surgery appeared much later on the European continent. In the early fifteenth century, physicians began doing nose surgeries, by using skin flaps taken from the arm. Other forms of plastic surgery began to appear around the early sixteenth century. With the invention of ether and antisepsis, plastic surgery was able to emerge as a full-fledged medical specialty (Davis 15). In the first part of the century, nearly all plastic surgeries were done to alleviate deformities due to disease, birth or mishap; however, in the second half of the century this was no longer the case."

Tags:medical, doctor, elective